Where is the Western Heaven that Tang Priest refers to?

Question 1: Tang Priest went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. Western Heaven refers to Tianzhu (now called India in ancient times). Where is the Nalanduo Temple outside Shecheng King?

Question 2: In the Journey to the West, Tang Priest and his disciples went to the Western Heaven to learn from the scriptures. What does "Western Heaven" mean? The Western Heaven in The Journey to the West refers to the "Lingshan" in the "Tianzhu Kingdom". Actually, it refers to India.

Westernization refers to India, because of the underdeveloped transportation in ancient times, people think that India is already the west of the sky. It is a true story in history that Tang Priest learned the scriptures. About 1300 years ago, in the third year of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan (629), Xuanzang, a 29-year-old young monk, led his disciples to leave the capital Chang 'an and go to Tianzhu (India) to study. After his departure from Chang 'an, he passed through Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan. When I was in Gao Changguo, the residents there worshipped Buddhism very much. The king was very happy to see that they were monks in the Tang Dynasty. He is willing to make them state-protected wizards, plus 120 gold and 1000 horses. Disciple wavered and finally stayed in Gao Changguo, while Xuanzang sneaked out and fled to the west. But was stopped by Gao Changguo soldiers. I didn't expect them to escort Xuanzang Xi to learn the scriptures. The soldiers gave Xuanzang a white horse and some documents, and Xuanzang was very grateful. He made several bows in the direction of the palace and then rode to the west. Xuanzang finally arrived in India after difficulties and obstacles. He studied there for more than two years and gave a speech at a large-scale debate on Buddhist classics, which was well received. He brought back many classics from Tianzhu and made contributions to the development of Buddhism in China. In the 20th year of Zhenguan (646), 47-year-old Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an and brought back 657 scriptures. In the impression of China people, the Tang Priest (Xuanzang) in The Journey to the West seems to be the first person in the west to learn Buddhist scriptures. Some scholars pointed out that in fact, as early as 420 AD, a group of 25 northeast monks Tan Wuji set out from Longcheng (now Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) to learn from the West. This is 209 years earlier than the Tang Priest's scriptures. A senior researcher at Chaoyang Beita Museum told the reporter that according to historical records, Tan Wuji, also known as Fa Yong, was surnamed Li, a native of Longcheng, Youzhou. /kloc-When he became a monk in his 0 s, he often lamented that the Buddhist scriptures were incomplete. He also heard that the monk Faxian and others went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures, so he vowed to follow. In the year of Northern Yan Taiping 12 (AD 420), Tan Wuji recruited 25 like-minded monks, including Monk Meng and Master, and went west to learn Buddhist scriptures. They passed through today's Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang and other places, crossed snow-capped mountains and deserts, and finally reached many Buddhist temples in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Of the 25 northeast monks who went west to learn Buddhist scriptures, 12 fell off a cliff and died, and 8 starved to death. Finally, only 5 people, including Tan Wuji, returned to China and brought back and translated a book of Guanyin. Gao Dong believes that Tan Wuji and other 25 monks learned from the West, which was 2 1 year later than the method of "the first person to learn Buddhism in Tianzhu", but more than two centuries earlier than Tang Priest (Xuanzang). As far as Buddhism is concerned, Tan Wuji brought back only 1 Buddhist scriptures, Xuanzang brought back and translated 75 Buddhist scriptures and theories, totaling 1.335 volumes, and Fa Xian brought back and translated 6 Buddhist scriptures, totaling 24 volumes. Tan Wuji's historical contribution is far less than that of Fa Xian and Xuan Zang. According to the reporter's inspection, in the 1999 edition of Ci Hai, both Fa Xian and Xuan Zang have entries, but Tan Wuji doesn't.

Question 3: Every day, Tang Priest said that he would go to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. Where is the western paradise he said? "Western Heaven" is an ancient name for Indian in China. Because India is called Tianzhu in the southwest of China, it is called the Western Heaven for short. The so-called "western learning" means going to India to learn from the classics. In The Journey to the West, the western heaven refers to the "Lingshan" in the "Tianzhu Kingdom".

The word "western paradise" now also refers to heaven in [Buddhist terminology].

Let's talk about the specific origins of "Western Heaven" and Xuanzang and Journey to the West:

With Xuanzang

One day in 627 AD, a monk left Chang 'an, then the capital of the Tang Dynasty. Many monks and people came to see him off outside the city and wished him a safe journey. Some people are still worried about persuading him to change his mind. It's not too late to give up traveling. He firmly replied that although it was a long way, he would certainly overcome difficulties and obstacles and retrieve the True Sutra. This monk was Xuanzang, a famous monk at that time, and was the prototype of "Tang Priest" in the novel The Journey to the West. He went to Tianzhu (now India), the birthplace of Buddhism, to get Buddhist scriptures. The founder of Buddhism was Gautama in the 6th century BC? Siddhartha. According to legend, he is the Sagar prince of a small country at the southern foot of the Himalayas. He became a monk at the age of 29 and finally came to King Snake City (now south of Patna, Bihar, India). He meditated for six years under the bodhi tree by the river in Neilian, outside the city. In the seventh year, he finally realized the true meaning of life and became a Buddha. Buddha is a man with great wisdom and great sense. His disciples called him Sakyamuni, which means "the sage of Sakyamuni". However, there were not many Buddhist classics introduced into China at that time, so it was difficult to express the original intention in translation, especially the Confucian classics of Mahayana. At this moment, Bobomidoro, a disciple of Master Jiexian of Nalanduo Temple in India, came to Chang 'an. After consulting him, Xuanzang learned that Master Jie Xian knew all the classics and was knowledgeable. He presided over a lecture at Nalanduo Temple. Therefore, Xuan Award decided to go west to Chang 'an to learn from Nalanduo Temple. He asked the emperor of the Tang Dynasty and got permission. Nalanduo Temple, located outside the ancient Indian city of Wangshe, was the largest and most spectacular Buddhist temple in India at that time. It has a large number of Mahayana, Hinayana Buddhist classics, the oldest Brahmanism classics and books on astronomy, geography, skills, medicine, mathematics, phonology and so on. Master Jie Xian, the director of the temple, is nearly a hundred years old. He has a superb study of Buddhist theory. He was the authority of Indian Buddhism at that time and was honored as "Fazang". It is said that among the more than 10,000 monks in Nalanduo Temple at that time, there were more than 1000 people who were familiar with the theory of 20 Buddhist scriptures, 500 people who were familiar with 30 Buddhist scriptures, and only Xuanzang and others who were familiar with 50 Buddhist scriptures 10 people. The only person who is familiar with all the scriptures is Master Jie Xian. Xuanzang studied Buddhist scriptures in Nalanduo Temple for five years. Finally, in 645 AD, he returned to Chang 'an City in the Tang Dynasty with more than 500 folders and more than 650 Buddhist "True Classics". During the period of *** 18, Xuanzang crossed mountains and rivers, overcame thousands of difficulties and dangers, traveled more than 25,000 kilometers, and traveled to various countries at that time 1 18, and was welcomed by people from all walks of life, including kings and monks. This "Tang Priest" from the Tang Dynasty is also recognized as a first-class scholar in India. Xuanzang also wrote his trip into the Western Regions of Datang. Because, at that time, going to Tianzhu (India) was farther than the western regions in the Tang Dynasty, and people regarded it as a distant western region.

Journey to the West

In16th century, Wu Cheng'en, a novelist of the Ming Dynasty, wrote the famous mythical novel The Journey to the West based on the story of Xuanzang's learning from the scriptures. Since then, "Tang Priest" has become a household name in China. In fact, the "Western Heaven" that Tang Priest went to was the Nalanduo Temple outside King Tianzhu's home. With the gradual decline of Buddhism in India since the12nd century, Narando Temple, the oldest and most magnificent Buddhist temple in India, was razed to the ground by wars twice in 1 197 and12003, until 19 15, when Indian historians and scholars. There is also a museum nearby, which treasures the cultural relics excavated at the Nalando site.

Question 4: In The Journey to the West, Tang Priest and his disciples went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. What's the meaning of Western Heaven? C Tianzhu

Question 5: What is the "Western Heaven" mentioned in "Introduction of Western Learning to the East"? Indian love is endless. I sincerely serve you. I hope my answer is helpful to you! If you agree, still hope to adopt! thank you

Question 6: Multiple-choice question: What do The Journey to the West's "Western Heaven" and "Classic" mean respectively? D

Question 7: Where is the "Western Heaven"? Do you mean India now? Wu Cheng'en's novel The Journey to the West tells the story of Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, who finally got the scriptures in the Western Heaven after 81 difficulties with the help of three disciples. According to the description in the novel, the place where Tang Priest got the scriptures should be in Central Asia and South Asia, or more accurately, India, the birthplace of Buddhism. So, does "Western Heaven" really mean India now?

The Amitabha Sutra says: "There is a world called Blissfulness on the 10 trillion Buddhist land in the west." Buddhist doctrine holds that birth, old age, illness and death are all sufferings, and these sufferings all stem from human desires. If you want to seek liberation and get rid of suffering, you must achieve the realm of no desire and no desire through practice. And "the West" is the place where "Amitabha" got the Tao. According to legend, this is a paradise without pain, only joy, purity and equality, also known as the "pure land of the West". It can be concluded that "the West" is not a real reference, but an ideal state of purity and happiness pursued by Buddhists.

From another point of view, it is indeed a historical fact that Xuanzang went to the West to learn from the scriptures. Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, suffered from the confusion of Buddhist scriptures in China and decided to go to the Western Heaven to learn from them. Pass through 120 countries and finally reach India. He studied Buddhism in Nalanduo Temple, a Buddhist holy place in India, and argued for heresy. Xuanzang returned from the scriptures, translated Buddhist scriptures and wrote his own experiences on the way to the scriptures. In 645, he wrote "Records of the Western Regions of Datang" 12 and presented it to Emperor Taizong. This was a sensation at that time and had a strong response. The Journey to the West takes Xuanzang's Buddhist experience as the prototype. According to the route taken by Tang Priest in the novel, there is no doubt that "Western Heaven" refers to India, the Tianzhu country in the Tang Dynasty.

Knowledge link

Lei Yin Temple

According to historical facts, the Leiyin Temple written in The Journey to the West should refer to Nalanduo Temple where Xuanzang studied Buddhism. According to historical records, this temple is located outside Shecheng, the king of ancient India, and it was the largest and most spectacular temple in India at that time. There are many kinds of books in the yard. There are as many as 4,000 monks living all the year round, and people who come to learn from them are in an endless stream. Xuanzang studied Buddhism here for five years, and the abbot who was nearly 100 years old made an exception and taught Buddhism for 15 months.

Later, the temple was razed to the ground in the war. According to the records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty, people excavated this Buddhist holy land. Nowadays, some cultural relics related to Nalanduo Temple are on display in a museum near King Snake.

Question 8: Where is the destination of Tang Priest's scriptures? Tianzhu.

Question 9: The Journey to the West wrote that Tang Priest went to the Western Heaven to learn Buddhist scriptures. "Western Heaven" means (). The western heaven in the ancient name () Journey to the West has double meanings. First, the real (ancient India) (Tianzhu country). It is the hometown of Buddha.

Second, it refers to the place where fruit can be produced, which is more abstract. In fact, the development of the story is in the process of spiritual practice, including encountering all kinds of demons and ghosts, all of which are expressed in the law, explaining the influence and difficulties of internal and external evils encountered in the process of spiritual practice. Several people have proved the status of fruit in the west. It can be seen that the second meaning is to express a realm, which is the realm and place where fruits are produced.