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Preparing for the exam is the premise of taking the exam and the key to success. Its connotation is relatively extensive, and there are many skills, which are described as follows:
First, enhance your own understanding and apply for the exam in a targeted manner.
Self-judgment is the compass of life. Knowing one's hobbies and correctly and objectively evaluating one's abilities and defects is an unavoidable problem for everyone who wants to succeed. "The ruler is shorter, the inch is longer", although it is a cliche and nothing new, it reveals an absolute truth. No one in the world is useless and no one is perfect. Due to the limitation of one's own ability, one can't be competent for any job. Therefore, it is everyone's concern to find a job that is conducive to giving full play to their abilities. This is especially true for those who wish to join the ranks of national civil servants. They not only want to obtain the professional qualification of national civil servants, but also have other important pursuits, and they should also give appropriate consideration accordingly, such as whether the work they may engage in after obtaining the qualification is suitable for their hobbies. In real life, this is manifested in candidates' hesitation and choice to know themselves, mainly to understand their interests and specialties, to clarify their abilities, to avoid existing defects, and to achieve their goals in the case of coordinating their internal qualities with external work requirements. Interest, personality and ability constitute most of the connotation of a person's personality. Therefore, understanding your personality is the first step in preparing for the exam. Generally speaking, personality mainly refers to the sum total of individual psychological characteristics with certain tendency that a person often shows in his life and practical activities. It is also the mental outlook and psychological outlook that distinguishes a person from others. It includes many aspects, such as human psychological tendency, individual psychological characteristics and psychological process characteristics. Any person's psychological characteristics are varied, and some of them often appear, so they are relatively stable. Some are just accidental phenomena, and only those relatively stable psychological characteristics are the constituent elements of personality. Therefore, personality has the characteristics of stability. Because of this, we can distinguish people from their mental and psychological outlook in daily life. According to a person's personality to predict what he will do in different situations, in fact, this is also the basis for understanding and using a person. Personality is not only an innate brand, but also more acquired colors. People's situation and environment will always affect their personality characteristics, so personality also presents a changing process. In real life, people's personalities are as varied as faces. "Thousands of faces" personality leads to various images of people's personality tendencies and other psychological characteristics. People living in the same environment, some are content with the status quo, some are aggressive, which is a typical personality tendency difference. And people's will activities also show different characteristics. For example, some people have a bad temper and their emotions are easy to show. Some people are good at hiding their emotions and don't lose their temper easily, giving people a gentle feeling of being slow-tempered. Personality tendency is a person's active activity, and all other psychological activities are restricted and controlled by it. Dominant personality tendency guides people's corresponding will and efforts, and makes people in a certain emotional state, accompanied by active intellectual activities. If the job requirements of a post can be more coordinated and consistent with the personality characteristics of the incumbent, it will not only promote the enthusiasm and intelligence of the incumbent, but also help improve the job performance. So seeking truth from facts is the basis of other preparatory work.
Second, learn to control emotions.
Emotion refers to people's feelings and experiences of joy, anger, sadness and joy about objective things. It affects people's activities and physical and mental health. Emotion comes from people's needs and is linked with people's pursuit. At the moment of choice, we often feel hesitant and hesitant; When the pursuit is blocked and requires great psychological energy and high attention, tension, anxiety, troubles and worries will occupy our hearts. This negative emotion is the enemy of life. In the process of pursuing success, the greatest danger we face often comes not from our opponents, but from our own bad emotions, because negative emotions often add a lot of pressure to people's psychology, make people worry a lot, lose their ability to correctly distinguish and judge things, and sometimes even deviate from the general norms. In addition, negative emotions will also inhibit people's creative thinking. Because once people have negative emotions, all the excitement is concentrated here, which leads to memory loss, slow thinking, lack of imagination, decreased understanding and loss of adaptability to the environment, and many problems follow. In this case, people's creative thinking cannot be produced. But emotions, like waves, are always in a state of constant change, sometimes positive and sometimes negative, and the alternation between them is periodic. Both positive and negative emotions have advantages and disadvantages. But in general, the negative impact of negative emotions seems to be greater, which is more likely to lead to a tragic ending. Research shows that when a person is in a bad mood, he is psychologically disarmed. At this time, he can't not only improve his ability, but also play his original ability or skilled skills, and sometimes he can't even maintain a normal life. Competition in this state can only be defeated.
For national civil servant candidates, how to control their emotions is a very important issue, which is directly related to the success or failure of the exam. In the process of preparing for the exam, we are always stimulated and disturbed by the surrounding environment, and the amplitude and frequency of emotional fluctuations are very large. Especially in the depressed competitive atmosphere, it is easy for all kinds of bad emotions to invade our hearts, gather together and weigh heavily on our hearts, thinking of the upcoming exam, unfathomable competitors, the expectations of relatives and friends and uncertain results ... nervousness, anxiety, worry and depression will come to mind together.
Although a person can't keep a quiet and happy mood all the time, at the same time, he can't protect himself from the impact and influence of emotional fluctuations. But you can control your emotions with the power of reason. As long as we have the attitude of choosing happiness, we can resist, transfer or adjust our emotions in many ways, prevent them from causing adverse reactions in our hearts, or minimize such adverse reactions. Sometimes it can also promote its transformation to a positive and beneficial direction. This should and can be done. Because, not only emotions will affect behavior, but behavior will also affect emotions in turn. To get rid of bad emotions, we need to control our attention and transfer to those things that are most meaningful or can make us feel confident and full as soon as possible. The key here is to reduce the input of external stimuli and narrow and weaken their influence. We should separate this kind of stimulation from trouble and break them one by one, and never link them together for thinking and synthesis. Sublimation is a good solution when strong emotional impulses can neither be vented nor restrained. That is, turn pressure into motivation and cheer yourself up more. You can also take some other actions consciously, offset the effect of the original stimulus with new stimulus, and finally make your spirit change from passive to active. To control and master emotions, we need to cultivate positive thinking habits and be good at treating external stimuli with an optimistic attitude. The strength of one's self-control is of great significance here. Because it is the opposite of willfulness and inertia, and only it can stop the reckless tendency of emotion itself. In short, only by learning to control your emotions can you get more chances of success.
Third, the adjustment of psychological and physiological state.
Success is the product of the interaction of many factors. It requires not only superior intelligence, but also good mental and physical state. In real life, any kind of exam-oriented competition is not just a contest of simple knowledge and ability, but an all-round competition of candidates' physical and mental qualities. In order to win, on the one hand, we should use external forces, on the other hand, we should give full play to our subjective strength, especially psychological strength.
(1) Overcome the fear and establish the belief of winning.
The oppressive competitive atmosphere is a test of candidates' physical and mental load ability. It often causes the inner fear and anxiety of candidates. "I don't know if I can succeed." "I always feel that others suffer more than me." Too eager expectation for the success of the exam, too focused on their comparative advantages, leading to these anxious thoughts throughout the preparation process. Especially as the examination time approaches, the psychological or physiological function that bears the test load will be weaker and tired day by day, and then flustered and unable to prepare for the exam wholeheartedly. Seriously, it will even lead to the rigidity of emotions, thinking and behavior. At this time, people have lost the ability to choose independently, but are passively dominated and controlled by the surrounding environment and their own inertia, unable to go out and move forward. When answering questions, I feel confused and unable to start, which greatly affects my true ability and level. To get rid of this dilemma, we must first overcome ourselves and enhance our psychological strength. Struggle with one's own weaknesses such as laziness and timidity in thoughts and habits. Understand that fear does not mean weakness, nor does it mean incompetence. As long as failure is not a foregone conclusion, we still have hope of success, and there is no reason to be depressed and slack. The key is to believe in your own strength and get rid of high anxiety. As long as we pay attention to strengthening our self-awareness, we can eliminate or alleviate our fears and win the competition. (B) to overcome the fluky psychology
Due to the lack of calm and rational analysis of themselves, some candidates often overestimate their ability and knowledge level, ignoring their own shortcomings and the gap with others. They put themselves in an illusory self-impression, always full of morbid self-confidence. Seeing yourself as a "stunner of God" is born with many advantages and advantages of human beings, so I feel that I can succeed in everything I do. It is this blind self-confidence that strengthens the conceit of candidates and even occupies an absolute advantage in their personality and psychological system, thus forming a fluky psychology. Its direct consequence is carelessness and careless treatment of exams, which eventually leads to inevitable mistakes. To overcome this fluky psychology, the most important thing is to correct the reference motivation, carry out in-depth and solid preparation review, and avoid cutting corners. No matter how difficult the topic is, it needs to be taken seriously. Don't take any chances. I hope you won't encounter any problems in the exam and lighten your burden. The result of doing so can only be self-inflicted and will pay a heavy price for it. In addition, we should also prevent the interference and influence of some bad factors from the outside world, enhance our self-awareness and protect ourselves from various social trends of thought and the words and deeds of others. Step by step, work towards the goal you pursue.
(C) to overcome inferiority complex
Pride is not desirable, but we should not go to the other extreme and fall into the trap of inferiority. Failing to see one's strengths and potential, or underestimating oneself, portraying oneself as useless, lacking courage and confidence in doing anything in real life, and being timid and indecisive in action are all manifestations of inferiority. In essence, inferiority and conceit have something in common, both of which are externalized signs of inner emptiness and self-doubt. Inferiority or remorse is actually escaping from a reality that you don't want to accept, and also looking for compensation for your lack of sense of value. Personal self-hatred is reasonably explained here. A little inferiority can cheer people up to some extent, but it has a great negative effect, which will hinder individuals from making constructive efforts and even lead to the collapse of self-identity. Therefore, for every examinee, we must pay attention to prevent the influence and erosion of this morbid psychology, treat our own advantages and disadvantages realistically, and never be complacent because of our own advantages, and never underestimate ourselves because of our own shortcomings. Although people don't need to identify with themselves absolutely, they absolutely need to identify with themselves. Perhaps, we can get some useful enlightenment from this sentence.
(D) to overcome speculative psychology
Opportunistic psychology is similar to fluky psychology, and their common feature is that the examiner himself is not devoted enough to learning, so-so, perfunctory, and lacks down-to-earth spirit and courage. The main energy in the review process is not used to master, consolidate and deepen the knowledge learned, but to focus on various fraud techniques. Placing the success of one's examination on the omission of the invigilator, and letting oneself use cheating skills in the examination room, speculating and cheating, will inevitably end in failure. An aspiring person should "strive for success in the exam with the idea of working very hard and winning a point".
(5) maintain a strong body.
Preparing for the exam is a process of accumulating knowledge, which requires a lot of energy and energy. Without a very independent institution as the backing, candidates will not be able to successfully pass this arduous course, let alone succeed in the exam. Therefore, in order to enhance their actual combat ability in the examination room, every candidate should take various measures to enhance their physical fitness. In the review process, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, relax moderately, and don't resist fatigue. It is necessary to master scientific learning methods, arrange time for examples, and pursue twice the result with half the effort. At the same time, we should pay attention to the adjustment and supplement of nutrition in diet, and eat more fresh eggs, soybeans and other foods that can not only enhance brain power, but also enhance physical fitness and physical fitness. In this way, your body and mind will not be damaged by overwork in the preparation process, and you should reserve your energy to meet the severe challenges.
Fourth, master scientific memory methods.
There are many contents in the national civil service examination, and there is also a lot of knowledge to learn and absorb, so the task of preparing for the exam is relatively heavy. Moreover, most candidates have already taken part in the work, and their energy is extremely limited. In order to eliminate or reduce the influence of this unfavorable factor, we can only strive to improve the learning effect. It is of great practical significance to master and apply scientific and effective memory methods here. For candidates with extremely limited time, it will be of great benefit to adopt the following methods in the preparation process.
(A) the psychological image method
Psychological image method, also called memory reflection method, is to review the knowledge learned in the past with the help of images, associations and feelings on the basis of applying various memory principles. The knowledge gained by most people after reading books is often not deeply engraved in their minds. Over time, a large part will be forgotten. Research shows that 80% of what you have learned will be forgotten within 24 hours after learning. In the end, it is bound to leave only some scattered information. Since the basic knowledge necessary to understand new knowledge has disappeared from the mind, it is naturally difficult to absorb new information. In this state, candidates must have learning difficulties and incomplete memories. "The whole process of learning, understanding and remembering is boring and full of hardships."
This requires us to review diligently, make up the missing content at any time in the process of reading or recalling again, and establish a virtuous circle between learning, understanding and memory, thus making the preparation process easy and smooth. Of course, memory and reflection are not directed at specific things and images, but rely on the subconscious to review past experiences and experiences. Focusing on key memory images, a multi-dimensional and vivid mental image memory atlas is constructed, which organically links all kinds of knowledge and information.
There is no fixed pattern in the application of mental image method, and there is no need to make strict plans. The key is to persevere and do it repeatedly according to your own situation. In order to improve efficiency, each candidate should find out his own memory rhythm (that is, the time when the high tide and low tide appear and the length of the continuous process) and find out those efficient time periods during the whole study period according to the memory rhythm, and make full use of these time to review. Generally speaking, what you learn at the beginning and end of your study, as well as things that are interrelated or prominent, tend to leave deep traces in people's minds, while what you learn during the learning process and things that have nothing to do with each other are easily forgotten. The reason why this happens is that people's memory traces will inhibit each other and reverse each other, while positive inhibition is just the opposite. It refers to the phenomenon that when people continue to remember similar things, later memories suppress the initial memories. The interaction between the two will make the memory decline. However, although the first memory is also affected by reverse inhibition, there is no previous memory before it, so it is exempted from the role of positive inhibition. Similarly, although the last memory is affected by positive inhibition, it is impossible not to be affected by reverse inhibition, because there is no other memory behind it. Because of this, the first and last memories will be more profound and lasting than the middle memories. Therefore, we should remember important things at the beginning or end of our study. Moreover, the duration of a person's study is not as long as possible. Should be combined with their own physical condition and habits to decide. It is not advisable to blindly buy time. Because not resting for a long time will not only enhance the examinee's sense of fatigue and sleepiness, but also make his memory weaker and weaker, and a large number of connections between the information before and after will be cut off. This practice is sometimes not worth the loss. It is much better to increase the time and times of rest a little, so that on the one hand, you can relax yourself physically and mentally, on the other hand, it is also conducive to improving the learning effect. Because during the break, the brain has the opportunity to sort out and classify the obtained information, which makes the next stage of study have a more solid foundation and strengthens the candidates' ability to understand and absorb new knowledge. In short, the memory of what you have learned during the break is not less than that of continuous learning, but more.
The method of memory and reflection can be carried out at any time, and it usually works best before going to bed. First of all, candidates should skim through the main parts of the test preparation content, sort out a general framework, clarify the relationship between them ideologically, and then connect the relevant contents in series to deepen their memory and enhance their understanding. After reflection, it is best to check the accuracy of memory. In this way, those information that you don't remember and don't remember well will leave a deeper impression in your mind than usual.
(2) Alternating propulsion method
The degree to which the same external stimuli continue to act on the human brain tends to decrease. When you write down a lot of knowledge about a subject in one breath, you may feel quite good about yourself, but in fact the effect is not ideal. Because, if you keep remembering similar content for too long, your memory will drop sharply. In order to avoid this situation, the examiner should make good use of the alternate promotion method, that is, consciously control the preparation time of each subject in the preparation process, and improve the preparation efficiency through the practice of cross-review of each subject.
There are many subjects in the national civil service examination, and only the basic knowledge of public affairs is divided into five parts: politics, law, administration, administrative professional ability test and official document writing. Each subject has its own relatively independent knowledge content, which will gradually weaken the stimulation to the candidates' cerebral cortex. But also lead to brain fatigue, the formation of mindset, leading to a decline in preparation efficiency. Therefore, candidates should pay attention to the adjustment and collocation of different knowledge contents in the preparation process, and it is not appropriate to study subjects with similar contents and characteristics continuously, so that there are certain differences in the contents before and after study. For example, some people have good psychological quality, can calmly cope with various external pressures, protect themselves from the interference and impact of various external factors, and the whole preparation process can be carried out in an orderly manner, while some people have poor psychological quality, not only unable to calmly cope with various external factors, but also unable to correctly evaluate and face up to their own strength, often showing lack of confidence and rapid emotional changes, making themselves subject to various external pressures. In the process of alternating progress, I change my review plan at will, and even let others lead me by the nose, so I am extremely passive. For another example, some people have good physical fitness and don't feel tired after studying for a long time. However, some people are exhausted. After reviewing for a while, I became dizzy and sleepy, and my mind was in a mess. They must stop and have a rest before continuing. The interval between two alternate preparations is quite different. This requires each candidate to use the alternating propulsion method, must be based on their own situation, and should not blindly and mechanically imitate others. Of course, the interval between preparing for exams is not absolutely fixed. It should be arranged flexibly according to the physical condition and the actual preparation efficiency, and cannot be forced. When you feel that the efficiency of review begins to decline, you should turn to review other subjects in time, and there is no need to insist at all.
(3) Point-surface combination method
Point-to-surface combination method refers to grasping all kinds of knowledge content and knowledge points, and at the same time figuring out their horizontal and vertical relations, so as to master the overall framework of knowledge content. We should not only grasp the point with the surface, but also support it with the surface. But at the same time, it is not a priority, eyebrows and beards.
In preparing for any subject, we should deal with the relationship between points and surfaces. If we only pay attention to the mastery of subject knowledge points and ignore the correlation between them, the preparation content will be fragmented, which will lead to the decline of the adaptability of candidates. In the process of examination, once the question type is renovated, the examination content is expressed in another form, or the angle of questioning changes, candidates will be at a loss. The problem I face is familiar, but I dare not or am not sure. Of course, the exam results are not satisfactory. In addition, it is not advisable to focus only on the overall framework of the subject and ignore the practice of memorizing specific knowledge content. In this way, although we can master the preparation content from the relevance of knowledge and the integrity of the content system, we can also make ourselves have certain adaptability. However, it is easy to make the answers given by candidates go into empty misunderstandings, and the conclusions are not supported by basic knowledge and are unconvincing, which will affect the test scores to some extent. It can be said that whether the relationship between points and surfaces can be handled well is the key determinant of the success or failure of the exam.
Whether it is a traditional exam or a new standardized exam, it is required to correctly handle the relationship between points and surfaces. Of course, both have their own characteristics in practice. The traditional exam preparation is oriented to the exam goal, which requires grasping the key points and difficulties related to it, then covering other auxiliary contents related to these difficulties and key points, distinguishing the trunk from the branches and leaves, and mastering all the exam preparation contents on the basis of grasping the internal relations between the key points and the non-key points. Standardized exams are different. Its test objectives are not obvious, usually manifested in many extremely scattered test sites, and the distribution of test sites is based on the knowledge points and ability points of the test subjects. All the contents constitute a strict network system, which requires candidates to master the knowledge points and ability points in the textbooks of various disciplines and analyze them in order to grasp the overall structure.
Using the method of combining point with surface to prepare for the exam, candidates should start with understanding the knowledge system structure of each subject, draw up an overall framework covering all parts based on the chapter catalogue, and then sort and classify the specific contents. Find out the logical relationship between them. Of course, this does not mean that we should use our strength equally in the preparation process. We still need to objectively distinguish the status and importance of each part. We should spend more time and energy on key chapters and contents, but we can be rough on general contents. In order to accurately grasp the key points of each subject, candidates can refer to the examination outline. When the main structure of a certain subject content is determined, it is necessary to take these backbones as clues and adopt the method of "grasping stems, touching branches and reaching leaves" to gradually expand, such as administrative science in the basic knowledge of civil service examination. Its overall framework consists of administrative agencies, administrative leaders and civil servants. Grasping these main parts is only the first step of review, and it needs to be further deepened, that is, touching the branches and leaves. Take the administrative system as an example, its branches are the composition and reform of the administrative system, and the various components of the administrative system are part of it. Other subjects can generally be prepared according to this model. Doing so can not only reduce the boredom of mechanical memory, but also help to train your adaptability and form a good coping foundation.
(D) Associative memory method
In the process of preparing for the exam, some people always complain that they have poor memory, often forget things, and even have serious memory interruption. They can't remember what they learned before for a long time. I am distressed by this. The main reasons for this kind of memory defect and error are that candidates did not fully mobilize their thinking and imagination during the preparation, and the coordination ability of various organs was poor. The uneven distribution of attention only focuses on the memory of specific knowledge content, and the cerebral cortex is always in a state of passive stimulation, resulting in vague or incomplete memory, and the connection between various stored information is interrupted from time to time. During the exam, I feel anxious and stressed because of the clear time limit and requirements, and my answers are easy to make mistakes, which makes my previous achievements wasted and even comes from the examination room several times.
In fact, this situation can be completely avoided. As long as candidates can master the associative memory method skillfully, they can greatly reduce the mistakes in this respect. The biggest feature of associative memory method is to gather related matters for memory, and to establish vivid connections between all aspects of knowledge and content in the mind, with the aim of enhancing the overall vitality of the mind. Doing so is not only much easier than remembering something in isolation, but also can last longer. In order to make what we have learned truly become our own things, which are not only clearly and profoundly stored in the warehouse of memory in our minds, but also freely extracted when necessary, we should train our own laissez-faire association ability and flexibly use our own memory system. Prepare for the exam under the guidance of the exam objectives and overall framework, and strengthen the adaptive training of physical and psychological functions. Don't panic or be anxious when the communication of information is temporarily interrupted. Don't put this problem on hold. Pay attention to the following questions so as not to affect the answers to other questions. After finishing other questions, come back and think about the problems that have been put on hold. Maybe this will be a moment of enlightenment and the problem will be solved.
(5) Self-test and mutual test methods
In the process of preparing for the exam, candidates often only pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge capacity, that is, simply pour it into their own minds and pursue as much information as possible. And pay little attention to whether they have really absorbed and digested. Due to the lack of knowledge identification and testing, candidates often don't know what they have learned and have no idea about the degree of knowledge mastery. Therefore, in the process of preparing for the exam, they inevitably have great blindness, and often have bad emotions such as decreased memory and efficiency, and fear of difficulties will follow, and even lose confidence in the exam.
In order to avoid this phenomenon, candidates can use the self-test method to test their learning effect in the preparation process, carefully analyze the test results, find out their mastery of knowledge, so as to clarify their strengths and weaknesses, and achieve the purpose of picking up the missing and strengthening their ambitions. Self-test should be coordinated with your own preparation activities, and the specific implementation should be arranged flexibly according to the time and content of review. You can boldly guess what you need according to your understanding of the contents and objectives of the preparation, sort out and classify these contents, and consciously design some test questions for yourself, so the forms of these test questions can be eclectic. Then answer, and then compare with the textbook to determine right or wrong. In this way, you can set the key points for your future review, and at the same time ensure the comprehensiveness and systematicness of the preparation content.
The biggest advantage of the self-test method is that candidates can constantly experience the results of the preparation work during the preparation, thus making their confidence in preparing for the exam firm and enhanced. At the same time, it can make candidates realize their weak links in time, so as to take corresponding remedial measures and improve the efficiency of preparing for the exam.