What is the definition of art?

We often hear people say the word "art", but what is art is difficult to answer. What is the reason? Because art is a complex system. If it is really defined, it is hard to say clearly what art is. First, various arguments about art can be said that art is completely a state of mind, a state of mind different from ordinary situations. For example, if you eat at home, it's definitely not art, but if you move the table to the highway to eat, we can say that your current behavior is art. Why? Because it's a completely different mood, all kinds of art use people's psychological characteristics to produce shock! Conversely, if everyone is used to eating on the road, eating at home will touch you, and eating at home will become art. Why is singing art? Because people don't use singing as a means of communication, talking is! Singing is naturally art, why is dancing art? Because people's body language is not so exaggerated at ordinary times, and dance is also an art, we can find that many art categories are unheard of today and are derived from the times, but as long as we grasp this principle, we can understand the starting point and characteristics of art well. Of course, students like Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts are not allowed to walk naked in the street. Although it also conforms to the characteristics of artistic behavior, several people are really average in stature, which hinders everyone's recognition of their works! ! ! Art is a special way for human beings to grasp and reflect the world and express their views on the world, themselves and the relationship between them. It reproduces reality through aesthetic creation activities, expresses emotional ideals and realizes mutual objectification of aesthetic subject and object in imagination. Generally speaking, art is the organic product of people's comprehensive psychological activities such as knowledge, emotion, ideals and ideas, and it is the image expression of people's real life and spiritual world. Because some human experiences are difficult to express in words, in order to express these deepest feelings and thoughts, we use a more sensitive and delicate language called art. Art is different from science, and it reflects the regularity of the objective world with the help of human reason. Art reflects the world with the help of human sensibility, including the objective world and the subjective world. Science is more about discovery, while art is more about creation. Art is a perceptual knowledge that abandons human reason and belief. Art is the reflection of true feelings in human heart. Although literature also belongs to art, because literature is too huge, literature is usually put forward separately, and then art generally does not include literature. The subject of studying art is art. In the Chinese world, art and art are often confused, especially in the education system, which sometimes causes considerable confusion to art students. Generally speaking, art is extensive, and art has scope. There are eight major arts, namely painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, music, drama, dance and film. The top seven universities have a long history, but movies have only been added in modern times. What we generally call "fine arts" (a typical example is "Academy of Fine Arts") refers to the visual plastic arts with painting and sculpture as the core. The other categories in the Eight Great Arts are not within the narrow sense of "art". English translation of art and fine arts is often controversial. Generally speaking, art refers to British art, while art is represented by pure art, but in many cases, art will also be called art. However, from a contemporary perspective, there are still many regrets outside these eight art systems, such as digital art, installation art, conceptual art, performance art, biological art and so on. This has created a battlefield for contemporary art theorists. Generally speaking, the artistic form of1from the late 9th century to the 1970s is often called modern art, but some people think that it cannot be judged whether it can be called modern art in this way. This is an important reason why we open any art history, the more contemporary it is, the more concise it is. However, we can gradually observe a trend that art has become an ancient word. Because of its high universality, art often overlaps in many different fields. So some people gradually think that art points to pure art, which is a controversy that cannot be concluded in a short time. What we know is that the art classification system is undergoing great changes. And the scope of art is gradually shrinking. Second, the classification of works of art Up to now, there is no recognized classification standard for works of art.. Each school of art theory has different classification methods, and the closer it is to the classification of modern art on the time axis, the more complicated and controversial it is. Generally speaking, art can be divided into: 1. Performing arts (music, dance, etc. Plastic arts (painting, sculpture, architectural art, etc.). Audio-visual arts (movies, television, etc.). 4. Language arts (literature, etc. Comprehensive arts (drama, photography, etc.). ). A relatively new method divides art into: 1. Art of Time II. Space art iii. Comprehensive art according to the nature of time and space. Third, the source and understanding of art art is a cultural phenomenon, mostly to meet subjective and emotional needs, but also a special way of entertainment in daily life. Its root lies in constantly creating new beauty to vent inner desires and emotions, which is a concentrated and exaggerated life. Writing, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, drama, movies and any other behavior or thing that can express beauty belong to art. Title of meaning: artistic pinyin: yì shù meaning: 1, a social ideology. It is a form of human practice and a way for human beings to grasp the world. Artists shape artistic images according to the laws of beauty, reflect the social life centered on people, such as sensibility and rationality, emotion and cognition, individuality and commonness, combine the creation of life with the expression of emotion, and use material means such as language, tone, color and line to make the material and appearance of images become objective aesthetic objects. Image and aesthetics are the most prominent features of artistic works. Art originated from productive labor and penetrated into all aspects of human activities. It is the embodiment of human's ability to create photos freely, and it has already become an independent field of spiritual activities in the process of development. Artistic activities are an important part of a nation's spiritual civilization and personal spiritual life. Art develops with the development of society. Excellent works of art are the spiritual wealth of all mankind, which promotes the communication between people and promotes the progress of history. 2. Images reflect the reality but are more typical than the reality of social ideology, including literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, drama, movies, folk arts and crafts. 3. refers to a creative way. For example: the art of leadership, the appearance and performance of Mei, calligraphy and other arts: 4. The derogatory meaning of ridicule is to wear a hat in winter and a wolf with a big tail in summer. This is the basic explanation of art [edit this paragraph] 1 Literature and art: works created by summarizing the image of social life, including literature, painting, sculpture, architectural modeling, music, dance, drama and movies. Explain 1 in detail. Also known as "martial arts". 1. It refers to various technical skills, such as Six Arts, Shu Shu Ji Fang and so on. Fu Zhanchuan in the Later Han Dynasty: "In the first year of Yonghe, Zhao Wuji and Ichiro revised the Five Classics, Hundred Schools of Thought and Fu Shu." Li Xian's Note: "I mean writing, calculating, shooting, and imperial, and the technique refers to medicine, prescription, divination, and divination." Preface to Jin Yi Wen Zhi: "The prosperity of art has a long history. The first king will definitely hesitate, decide whether it is good or bad, judge life and death, and save fortunes. " Song Sunyi's "Writing on shoes and showing children, writing on the history of writing style and changing writing style": "The later Han Dynasty was an alchemist, Wei was a geisha, and Jin was not an art." Qingyuan Mei's "Essays with the Garden, Chen Liang's Legacy" says: "Yu Jianwu is not as artistic as Mr. Tao. When he meets guests in midsummer, his anger turns to snow." 2. Especially the operation. Bao's "residential answer": "art is not difficult in classical Chinese. Since the Zhou Dynasty, there have been only a dozen famous artists, so it is difficult to know. " 3. A more typical social ideology that reflects social life by shaping images. Such as literature, painting, sculpture, music, dance, drama, movies, folk art, architecture and so on. Shu and Xiao Cen jointly wrote Essays in Qing Dynasty: "There are schools of essays, and this trend is roughly the same. In the meantime, you don't have to learn from each other. " Mao Zedong's speech at Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art: "In today's world, all cultures or literature and art belong to a certain class and a certain political line." 4. Ways and methods of metaphor creation. Mao Zedong's Preface to Producers: "The Party has created a powerful armed force, so it has learned the art of war." Xu Huaizhong's "Anecdotes of the Western Front" VIII: "Yan Li applied the art of managing siblings to the position of the switchboard monitor." 5. Unique and beautiful image, rich and colorful content. The second chapter of Ding Ling's Hu Wei: "She lamented that their lives were too monotonous and artistic." Chapter 8 of Xiao Jun's My May: "This word is very artistic." [Edit this paragraph] Definition Overview Art is everywhere. Every occupation, every movement, every language and every form can have artistic elements. Nature is the greatest artist. And everything, regardless of war, science, love, literature and art, manufacturing, etc., can develop to the artistic level. Art is a natural or human product, which can be recognized and amazed by most people at the same time. Its manifestations are different, but they all reflect and describe the movement and change process of things and their value relationship, so as to communicate, induce, influence and train people's emotions, knowledge and will. When any ordinary thing is performed to the artistic level, it will be almost perfect. Body art is a cultural phenomenon created by people in order to better meet their own comfort needs for subjective defects and behavioral needs of emotional organs. Art is not only a special way for people to play entertainment games in their daily lives, but also an important means for people to communicate emotionally, belonging to the category of entertainment game culture. The essential feature of artistic culture is to create virtual human real life with language. The foundation of art is human language, and effective artistic creation must rely entirely on language. What kind of language form human beings have, there will be what kind of art form. The so-called artistic creation without language can only be regarded as ordinary game creation. On the level of entertainment function, art and ordinary entertainment games have the same important existence value and development value. But after all, there are essential differences between art and ordinary games in cultural form, and there are also obvious differences in social functions of culture, which need serious attention in theory and practice. What is art and what is the essential difference between art and other human cultures? At present, it seems that no one can give a clear answer. This paper attempts to answer this question from the functional category of human subjective behavior and its cultural composition. I. Three Basic Functions of People's Subjective Behavior In social life, people's subjective behavior can be divided into three categories according to their basic functional categories: the first category is basic productive labor, such as finding, picking, catching and planting food, building houses, making clothes and other necessities. , belongs to the basic productive labor. Without the basic means of subsistence obtained by basic productive labor, people's basic living activities cannot be maintained. The second category is basic social life, to ensure the most basic life activities, such as cooking and washing, breeding and raising offspring, social interaction and maintaining social order, as well as other activities necessary for daily life. , belong to the basic social life. Without basic social life, people's basic life activities cannot be maintained healthily. The third category is entertainment and game activities that consume excess physical strength and energy, such as singing, dancing, writing poems, going to the opera and playing football. All belong to entertainment and game activities. Without entertainment games, people's basic life activities can still be maintained normally. Second, art is a way of entertaining games. Art is people's subjective behavior. This kind of subjective behavior belongs to the category of entertainment games and seems to be human knowledge. Because, without any form and content of artistic activities, basic human life activities can be maintained normally. So, can all people's entertainment and game activities be called art? Obviously not. For example, children digging bird's nest, fishing, playing cricket and many other similar entertainment and game activities can not be called art, but playing the piano, writing poems, painting and singing operas can be called art, which is human knowledge. Although we can't call all entertainment games art, we can consider art as an integral part and a way of entertainment games. This is not a logical problem, and no one seems to object. Third, what is art However, for all human entertainment and game activities, what can be clearly called art and what can be clearly called not art? At present, it seems that no one can give a clear answer. However, the problem goes far beyond this. For example, people generally think that painting, an entertainment game, can be called art. However, can all painting activities be called art? There seems to be no doubt that the paintings of old painters can be called art because they are all paintings. It seems that many people don't agree that a random child's graffiti can be called art. Only when the child's "freehand graffiti" reaches a certain level can someone call it art. Then, what level of child's "graffiti" can be called art? This is another difficult question to answer. It is said that a chimpanzee in America can "draw". People give it paper and pens, and it can make many "interesting" "paintings" with interest. If chimpanzee's "painting" is also called art, it seems that many people don't even agree. So, how should we distinguish art from non-art in theory? Or, in theory, what is art and what is the essence of art? Fourth, people's subjective needs are based on people's "self" form, which is based on people's ideological and cultural forms. People's demand for objective things is based on the behavior of "self", which is called people's subjective demand. When objective things meet people's subjective needs, people will feel happy subjectively; When objective things can't meet people's subjective needs or harm people's subjective interests, people will feel subjective pain. In real life, people often feel a lot of pain because their subjective needs cannot be met in time by objective things, and their subjective interests are often damaged by some objective things. It can be said that all people's actions in daily life are to pursue the satisfaction of objective things to their subjective needs and avoid the damage of objective things to their subjective interests. However, this kind of pursuit or rejection can't be realized because of the limitation of objective conditions, which makes people always have many shortcomings subjectively because many things can't be realized in real life. This kind of subjective regret always keeps people immersed in painful feelings and always wants to get rid of it. Five, the three functional systems of the human body There are three functional systems: one is the basic functional system, the other is the cognitive functional system, and the third is the emotional functional system. The basic function of the basic functional system is to complete the most basic life activities such as normal physiological metabolism, organ development and individual reproduction. All the organs that make up this functional system are called the basic organs of the human body. The basic function of cognitive function system is to complete the task of "cognition" of human body to objective things. All the organs that constitute this functional system are called the cognitive organs of the human body. At present, people's cognitive organs are generally considered to be concentrated in the human brain. The basic function of emotional functional system is responsible for the occurrence of "emotional behavior" caused by cognitive achievement and "emotional communication" between different individuals. All the organs that make up this functional system are called the emotional organs of the human body. The "center" of the emotional function system is considered by many people to be in the "heart area" of the human body. Human life activities can only be carried out through the relationship between human organs and objective things. The functional phenomenon produced by the relationship between human organs and objective things is called organ behavior. The organ behavior of human body is the natural function phenomenon of human body organs, the basis of human life activities, the instinctive demand of human body organs and, to a great extent, the subjective demand of human beings in social life. Many behaviors of human organs can make people feel happy, which is what people subjectively expect and pursue. To be exact, people's subjective needs are based on the demand behavior of the three functional systems of the human body for objective things. It can be said that the whole content of human social life is the endless pursuit of some form and content of organ behavior subjectively. Emotional organs usually produce behaviors such as joy, anger, sorrow, joy, sadness, joy, thinking, love, resentment, hate, surprise, doubt, hope, annoyance and fear. These behaviors of emotional organs are often needed subjectively. These behaviors of emotional organs can be produced in people's basic productive labor, basic social life or entertainment and game activities. However, in real social life, emotional organs produce these behaviors, which usually require people to pay a lot of subjective costs. For example, the process and result of labor can make people feel happy, angry, sad and happy, but long-term hard work in the process of labor usually makes people subjectively unwilling to bear it. Although many entertainment games can make emotional organs get stronger behavioral responses, entertainment games usually consume a lot of living materials. In life practice, people find that some entertainment games only need to spend less social wealth, so that emotional organs can have enough behavioral responses. For example, telling stories and listening to stories only need a little social wealth, which can make people's emotional organs produce all the organ behavior reactions in real life. The virtual cultural phenomenon of intransitive verbs in people's social life can make people feel happy or painful when real and objective things meet or go against people's subjective needs, and can cause behavioral reactions of emotional organs; When people have a relationship with the virtual and objective things in the story, it can also make people feel happy or painful, and it can also cause the behavioral response of emotional organs. Moreover, the objective things in the story are more likely to cause strong behavioral reactions of emotional organs than the objective things in reality. For example, the "Xiao Fang" in real life will make people feel kind and beautiful, homesick and insomnia; But "Sister Lin" in the story will make people feel gentler, irrational, extremely sad and painful. Xiao Fang in real life can't meet people's subjective needs, but Sister Lin in the story can comfort people's subjective shortcomings and make people feel happy with a unique taste. Emotional communication is the constant behavioral demand of human emotional organs. It is necessary for people to talk to others about their inner shortcomings, their inner joy, to listen to others and tell others something new. However, in real life, some "interesting" and "worth talking about" sad or happy things don't always happen. In fact, what people communicate with each other is mostly what they hear or see about others, especially those twists and turns and wonderful stories about others fabricated by exaggerated and virtual methods. In real life, telling stories and listening to stories have a very good emotional communication effect and comfort effect on subjective defects. Since ancient times, people like to listen to stories and make them up. People who listen to stories always want to hear more exciting new stories, and people who make up stories always want to make up more exciting new stories. Want to listen to stories, want to make up stories, has long been a very important subjective demand in people's lives. Naturally, listening to stories and making up stories occur in people's social life and develop into a very unique cultural phenomenon. The main function of this cultural phenomenon is to meet the comfort needs of people's subjective defects and the behavioral needs of emotional organs, and the essential feature of its cultural form is the real life of virtual people. This cultural phenomenon is called virtual culture. This paper calls this virtual cultural phenomenon art, which is specially created to meet people's subjective needs for comfort and behavioral needs of emotional organs. For a long time, the connotation of art has not been clearly defined, and everyone who cares about art has his own definition, because there has never been a recognized objective standard to define art. This paper gives a clear objective standard for the definition of art on the one hand, and clarifies the essence of art on the other hand, which strictly distinguishes art from ordinary entertainment and game behavior in theory, thus clearly guiding people's artistic practice. The definition of art in this paper may deviate from the original meaning of "art" to a great extent, which does not matter, because similar precedents have been set in the theoretical circle. Virtual reality is a very important cultural creation for people's spiritual happiness. This cultural creation has produced very rich spiritual food for human social life. Although people's dreams are mostly virtual reality of life, the creation of dreams is not a subjective behavior of people, and dreams cannot be called art. It is also a virtual reality to fabricate lies to defraud others' property or deliberately harm others' interests, but it is not an entertainment game. Therefore, making up lies cannot be called art, and the essence of art belongs to the category of entertainment and game culture. It is a cultural phenomenon created by people in order to meet their own comfort needs for subjective defects and behavioral needs of emotional organs. The essential feature of this cultural phenomenon is to create virtual human real life with language. Art is a cultural form of people's emotional and ideological exchange. People's emotional and ideological exchanges are based on language, so the foundation of art is human language. In people's artistic practice, the occurrence of art usually depends entirely on human language, and what kind of language form human beings have will produce what kind of art form. There are many forms of human language, such as oral language, written language, painting language, body language, music language, modern film and television language and so on. Calligrapher Mei pointed out that the occurrence of art will correspondingly produce stories, novels, poems, paintings, dances, music, movies and TV plays. Without language, there is no foundation for the occurrence of art; If people don't understand each other's language, they can't achieve artistic communication. Art uses language to create illusory events and let others feel the occurrence of illusory events through the understanding of language. In the process of feeling the scene, people's corresponding subjective shortcomings will be properly comforted, and people's emotional organs will have a positive and fierce behavioral response. The comfort of people's subjective defects and the behavioral response of emotional organs are entirely based on people's subjective needs for some objective things in social life. Therefore, the virtual events created by art must be based on people's subjective needs in social life in order to play a significant artistic effect. There is an idiom called "painting cakes to satisfy hunger", which is the most vivid interpretation of art: people want to eat cakes because they are hungry, and there is no cake, so they have to draw a cake from Zhang greatly to console themselves. Hungry people can get a little satisfaction subjectively when they see this cake in the painting, and their emotional organs will also have a little joy. The ancients had a blessing: saying that plums quench their thirst and the competition is slightly slower; Draw cakes to satisfy hunger, and less worship the ambition of soaring. This is actually the most vivid and incisive exposition of the occurrence principle and social function of art, and art can usually be understood from three levels. First, from the spiritual level, art is regarded as a field of culture or a form of cultural value, alongside religion, philosophy and ethics. The second is to understand art from the level of activity process, and think that art is an artist's self-expression, creative activity or imitation of reality. Third, from the level of activity results, art is regarded as a work of art, emphasizing the objective existence of art. Generally speaking, art is a way for people to grasp the real world, and art activity is a spiritual practice for people to grasp the objective objects intuitively and integrally, and create artistic images in the form of symbols on this basis. Finally, it appears in the form of works of art, not only because of the artist's understanding and reflection of the objective world, but also because of subjective factors such as the artist's own feelings, ideals and values. It is a spiritual product. The difference between art and other ideologies lies in its aesthetic value, which is the most important and basic feature of its dance art. Artists express and convey their own aesthetic feelings and ideals through artistic creation, and appreciators gain aesthetic feeling through artistic appreciation to meet their own aesthetic needs. Aestheticism is the most perfect display of aesthetics. Besides aesthetic value, art also has other social functions, such as cognitive function, educational function and entertainment function. Among them, the social function of art is that people know nature, society, history and life through artistic activities, which is different from the cognitive function of science. The educational function of art is that people are influenced and infected by truth, goodness and beauty through artistic activities, which subtly causes profound changes in thoughts, feelings, attitudes towards life and values. It is different from moral education. The concept of artistic entertainment is that people can meet their aesthetic needs and get spiritual enjoyment and aesthetic pleasure through artistic activities, which is different from physical pleasure. Art is a special social ideology and a special form of spiritual production. Through production practice, it reflects the whole social life of human beings from the material world to the spiritual world, from the production relationship to the ideological relationship, creates beautiful spiritual products, and meets the spiritual aesthetic needs of human beings. Generally speaking, art is the organic product of people's comprehensive psychological activities such as knowledge, emotion, ideals and ideas, and it is the image expression of people's real life and spiritual world. Art is a vague and confusing word, which usually needs more vague language to describe. As a result, people know the word art, but they don't know what art means. A concept that cannot be unified, in fact, is the basis of this word, which also leads to the relative limitations of art.