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A stallion
A mare
Pony, pony
A castrated and infertile horse
A yellow horse.
A red horse with a black mane and a black tail
A light black and white horse.
Hua, jujube red horse
Heimali
? Huang Ma, Duckmouth.
Qi, a blue-black horse
A horse with black and white hooves.
Qi, blue and white, looks like a blue horse.
Dragon, pure white horse
A slow horse, a bad horse.
About horse culture
It ranks seventh among the traditional Zodiac animals in China. There is a man named Ma in China. Ma surname is one of the common surnames. Besides the Han nationality, there are many other ethnic minorities whose surnames are Ma. Ma surname is one of the most popular surnames in Hui nationality. Almost all Hui people in Yunnan are surnamed Ma.
Six Horses in Zhaoling: (Horses of Ancient Kings)
The Six Horses in Zhaoling refer to the six reliefs on the east and west sides of the North Altar of Zhaoling in Li Shimin Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong in Liquan, Shaanxi Province. Each stone carving is about 2m wide and1.7m high. Liu Jun was a war horse that Li Shimin rode before the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. They are called "boxing hairs?" , "stone method opens", "white hoof is black", "Tele", "green" and "spreading the floor". In order to commemorate these six war horses, Li Shimin ordered craftsman Yan Lide and painter Yan (Yan Lide's younger brother) to draw the reliefs of six war horses in front of the mausoleum.
"Six Horses in Zhaoling" is a precious ancient stone carving art treasure with beautiful shape, smooth carving lines and fine and round knives. "dew purple" and "fist hair" in the six generals? 19 14 was broken, packed and smuggled to the United States, and now it is in the University of Pennsylvania Museum. The other four pieces were also broken packages and were intercepted in the process of smuggling. Now they are displayed in Xi 'an Beilin Museum.
This group of stone carvings shows the heroic spirit of the war horse that Emperor Taizong rode in the great cause of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Boxing hair? Darkmouth, with yellow skin, has a string of spinning hairs. He was shot nine times when he tied Liu Heita. Li Shimin praised: "The moon is bright and carefree, the sky is high and the clouds are light, the arrow is loaded, and the gas is clear and positive."
Shivachi: When Hulao Pass defeated Wang and Dou Jiande one by one, he got five arrows in the hip.
Bai Tiwu: I took it with me when I was buried, and there was no arrow wound. Li Shimin praised, "Relying on the heavenly sword, chasing the wind and stabilizing your feet, return to the saddle and settle in Shu."
Teller: It's white and yellow. I rode it when I painted Song Jingang, and there was no arrow wound.
Qingzhui: Dou Jiande and I rode horses in a draw, flying on all fours, with five arrows in our body, one in the front and four in the back.
Salou Zi: When Wang was the capital of Luodu, he rode a horse with an arrow in his chest. Qiu Hanggong and Li Shimin exchanged mounts and drew an arrow for Saluzi. Li Shimin praised: "Yan Zi jumped, his bones soared, his spirit expanded into three rivers, and his strength expanded into eight arrays." There is a man attached to the relief, imitating Qiu Hua's arrow.
History and types
Official name. Often ordered to expedition and hunt. "Preface to Yin Qi" Volume III, Section 31, Section 2: "There are about 300 middlemen in the horse". It can be seen that "Ma" is divided into three teams: left, right and middle, each team has 100 people. The official of the horse company in future generations will start from now on.
Qin Shihuang's Seven Famous Horses "Notes on Ancient and Modern Times": First, chasing the wind, second, the white rabbit, third, climbing the scenery, fourth, chasing electricity, fifth, flying horse, sixth, bronze knight, and seventh, dawn.
Zhou Muwang's Eight Horses Collection;
A Jedi is not qualified to practice soil. The two of them have turned their feathers over a bird. Three people rush for the night, and the wild is in Wan Li. Four more shadows, day after day. Five people are too bright and their hair is bright. Six super lights, one shape and ten shadows. Seven people are soaring in the fog and running in the clouds. Eight people have wings, and they have meat wings.
Flower country, green ear, thief, horse and fiber are separated.
Water injection classic: The lake flows out of Kuafu Mountain in Taolinsai, where there are many wild horses. The fame of Zaofu, green ears, thieves and horses, leave here. Multiply it by offering sacrifices to Zhou Muwang, so that he can command the Queen Mother of the West.
Lei Shou Maliang
Mu Zhuan: Ren Xu is a good horse, and the dog guards the thunder head.
Cuilong
Yang Xiong's "Hedong Fu" Note: There is a cloud in the poem: "Cuilong is the horse that Mutianzi rode."
Yuma people
"Ruiying Picture": Yuma, Chao Qingxian.
(Ma Su) (Ma Shuang) The words in brackets are compound words. It can't be typed on the keyboard. fine horse
Zuo Zhuan: Tang Cheng has two horses. A cloud of light, the color of the horse is like frost.
Dune horse
Bole said to Qin Mugong, "I have a relationship with Jiufanggao ..."
Seven famous horses of Qin Shihuang
Ancient and modern notes: one is chasing the wind, the other is the white rabbit, the third is climbing the scenery, the fourth is chasing electricity, the fifth is flying, the sixth is the bronze Jue, and the seventh is the morning light.
Chu Xiang
Historical Records: Wang Xiang's war horses are famous far and wide, and they often travel thousands of miles every day. When the enemy defeated Wujiang, he called Tingchang, "I rode this horse at the age of five and was invincible. I can't bear to kill it for the public. "
Jiuyi
Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing: Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty returned from generation to generation, and nine horses were the best in the world. It's called Yunyun, Hongdian, Juequn, Yiqun, Zi Yanqi, Lu Qiqi, Zi Long, Youju and Chen Jue, and it's called 91. You can declare it when you come.
Wusun and Tianma
Biography of Zhang Qian: In the Yuan Dynasty, founding ceremony, Wusun's horse was good, named Tianma. And blood Ma Zhuang, renamed Wusun Ma Yue Xijima, Wanma said Tianma.
Wantianma
Chen made an appointment with Han to present two horses at the age of 20. Meng Kang said, "It is said that there are mountains in Dawan country, but there are no horses on them. Because the five-color mare is placed under it, both Ji and Ji are sweating blood, which is called Tianma Zi.
Xiaoshao
"Nerve": There is a good horse in Dawan, whose knees hang down and his name is Xiao Shao.
Elephant dragon
Biography of Feng Shifeng: Emperor Xuan Di went to Dawan and was named Ma Xianglong.
Bujing
Dong Fangshuo is the hometown of auspicious clouds. God horse nine feet high, hair like the sun and the moon; If the moon is luminous, if the sun is sunlight, the coat color will change with the seasons.
The Queen Mother of the West pays taxes in Zhitian because she eats grass from Zhitian. Dong left because of abandonment. He went around the sun three times, entered the Han Pass, fell asleep immediately and became famous in one fell swoop.
Huangmen Sijun
Praise of the Western Regions: Pushao, Longwen, Fish, and Khan Ma are all over the Yellow Gate. Note: Meng Kang said "four famous horses".
Dali
Guangwu rode a big donkey and offered filial piety and loyalty.
Red hare
Cao Cao Zhuan: Lyu3 bu4 has a famous red hare and often rides it. Some people say that "there is Lu Bu in the crowd and a red rabbit in the horse pile".
Rudy
Ma Zheng Lun said, "There is a man named Lu with white hair on his face." He also said, "Those with curly hair and white hair on their faces are called kisses, which are fierce." Luffy is also a common saying. Liu Bei evaded the difficulty of Fancheng, crossed Tanxi and said to Lu Yue on horseback, "We are in a hurry today and must work hard." The motor is ready to jump. Lu, taking Geng Liang as the name of the horse, Yin Hao thought he was against the Lord and advised the city. Liang said, "Is there anyone who is moved by his own shortcomings?"
Jueying
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The name of the horse that Cao Gong rode was lost.
white crane
Note: The horse that Cao Hong and Wei Wu rode was called a white crane. As the saying goes, "Flying with the air, Cao's family is a white crane."
Purple (Ma Qin). Xin. This compound word is in brackets.
In Wei Zhi, King Chen Si expressed Emperor Wen's words: "I got a horse named Zi Cong from Emperor Wu, and I taught you to worship it.
Fan Jing
Notes on Ancient and Modern Times: Cao Jin is famous for his horse name "Fan Jing". He said that he was sick by the sudden strong wind and raised his sails.
Mongolian horse
Mongolian horse is one of the oldest horse breeds in China and even in the world. Mainly produced in Inner Mongolia grassland, it is a typical grassland horse breed. Mongolian horses are not big, with an average height of 120 ~ 135 cm and a weight of 267 ~ 370 kg. Strong body, strong limbs, strong constitution, big head, wide chest, short legs, developed joints and tendons. The coat is thick and complex in color. It bears hardships and stands hard work, is not afraid of cold, can adapt to extremely extensive feeding management, has strong vitality and can survive in harsh conditions. You can walk about 60 kilometers in 8 hours. The tamed Mongolian horse is fearless and brave on the battlefield. Has always been a good army horse.
Kazakh horse
Kazakh horses produced in Xinjiang are also prototype horses. Its morphological characteristics are: medium-sized head, delicate and pretty, short ears. The neck is slender, slightly raised, the nail is high, the brooch is narrow, and the hind limbs are often knife-shaped.
Today, the area around Kazak Prefecture in Yili is the Wusun Kingdom in the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty. Two thousand years ago, during the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi sent three envoys, including Zhang Qian, to the Western Regions in search of a good horse. The horse he got may be the predecessor of Kazakh horse. By the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the number of horses sold to the Tang Dynasty in Uighur reached 100,000 every year. Many of them are Kazakh horses. Therefore, some horse breeds in northwest China are mostly related to Kazakh horses.
Hequma
Hequ Horse is also an ancient and excellent local horse breed in China, which is often used as a tribute in history. Originated in the grassland at the junction of Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, it is named Hequma because it is located in the Yellow River. It is the largest excellent horse among the local breeds in China. Average height 132 ~ 139 cm, weight 350 ~ 450 kg. Hequ Horse has a slightly larger head, a slightly rabbit-headed nose, a wide neck, a straight trunk, a deep and wide chest and a strong figure, which has an absolute advantage in Lama. Carry100 ~150kg, and you can travel 50km a day. Hequ horse is docile, stable, strong in endurance and quick in fatigue recovery. So it is mostly used for service, and a single cart can pull 500 kilograms of heavy objects. This is a good farm horse.
Southwest horse
Southwest horses are distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. It is characterized by its small size and easy access to mountain roads. Southwest horsehead is big, neck is high, mane, tail and mane are long. Good body structure, developed tendons and firm hooves. Good at climbing mountains and mountains, able to bear more than 100 kilograms, and travel 30 ~ 40 kilometers a day. It is a force that needs transportation very much in the southwest mountainous area. Among them, the famous ones are Jianchang Horse in Sichuan, Lijiang Horse in Yunnan and Guizhou Horse.
Sanhema
Three hippos are extremely complicated horses. At the beginning of the 20th century, some Russian aristocrats came to the northeast of China, bringing with them fine breeds such as orlov Horse and Pitching Kama. During the Japanese occupation, thoroughbred horses and British-Arabian horses were introduced. These horses gradually formed today's three hippos by crossing with local horses.
Three hippos are taller than Mongolian horses. They are solid and compact in shape, handsome in appearance, long in chest, muscular, strong in physique, straight in back, strong in limbs and obvious in joints. There are three main colors of coat: beard hair, millet hair and black hair. Average height 140 ~ 147 cm, weight 330 ~ 380 kg. These three hippos are fierce, but gentle. They can resist rough feeding and adapt to a wide range of grazing life. It belongs to the economic type of riding and pulling. It only takes 1 minute 1 0 second to run on horseback. A single horse can lift a rubber-tyred vehicle with a load of more than 500 kilograms and can walk 10 km in half an hour.
Ilima
Ili horse is based on Xinjiang Kazakh horse, which is a cross between orlov horse and Dun hippo in the former Soviet Union. Local herders call it "two horses". After 1960s, Ili horse was mainly bred by Dun Hippo, and its blood volume reached more than 50%.
Ilima Ilima's average height is 144 ~ 148 cm and his weight is 400 ~ 450 kg. It is tall and symmetrical, with a small and smart head, big eyes, high head and neck and strong limbs. When its neck is held high, it is fierce, its coat color is shiny and beautiful, and its appearance is more beautiful. Hair color is mainly mane, millet hair and black hair, and there are often white patches on limbs and forehead, which are called "white stripes". Ilima is gentle, sensitive and good at jumping. Suitable for mountain riding and plain service. 126 km long-distance running, with a load of 80 kg, can be reached in 7 hours 12 minutes. This is an excellent Qingqi.
Dutch blood (KWPN)
If there is any kind of horse that will be as popular as a star, it is Dutch warm blood. This is a new variety. The Netherlands began to have a pedigree register in 1958, and now it has become the most successful, popular and popular equestrian horse in the world. Dutch warm-blooded Kyle is said to be a new product in the 20th century, which is different from the warm-blooded horse that existed before the 20th century. It is a warm-blooded horse specially bred for equestrian events. Although this is a variety created by the Dutch, it should actually be regarded as a European variety, because in addition to the Netherlands, there are British, Spanish, French and German ancestry.
The origin of Dutch warm blood comes from two native Dutch varieties, Gelderlander and Groningen. In fact, this is closely related to the local soil. Heldland is in the middle of the Netherlands, where the soil is sandy and the horses bred are relatively light. Groningen, on the other hand, is full of hard clay, and the horses grow heavier. However, the genes of the two varieties are compatible, so breeders often add the pedigree of Groningen horse to the pedigree of Herdrama to increase the weight of Herdrama, and vice versa.
Herdeland horse and Groningen horse have existed in the Netherlands and its adjacent areas since the Middle Ages. Britain has Andalusian horse, Neapolitan horse, Norman horse, Norfolk sports car, oldenburg horse, Holstein horse, Anglo-Norman horse and Hackney horse. Groningen horse is a cross between Danish frys horse and German oldenburg horse.
Since ancient times, Dutch farmers have made a living from horses, and they have established strict methods of raising horses very early to eliminate the shortcomings of health and personality and the lack of intelligence. This strict screening practice has created today's Dutch warm blood. The mechanization after the industrial revolution changed the use of horses to leisure riding and sports, and the Dutch once again successfully demonstrated their farming techniques. The two breeds, Heldeland Horse and Groningen Horse, have some exciting characteristics: gorgeous movements, good infrastructure, elegant quality, stable growth ability and gentle cooperation temperament. The Dutch introduced the British thoroughbred horse to increase its courage and improve its sometimes defects, such as too long back, too short neck and too short forelimbs. Quite light movements are also brought by thoroughbred horses. In order to get rid of the unruly characteristics of thoroughbred horses, in addition to introducing other Dutch lineages, we should also introduce the lineages of French Cesar Lefranc Sias, German Hanover and Holstein to improve the final breed. In addition, Hackney was introduced from England to cultivate beautiful horses, and some people continued to cultivate the traditional Herdeland horses, which eventually evolved into three types of dutch warmblood.