The Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu (Boundary Treaty) is the first border treaty signed between the Qing Dynasty and Russia, and also the first treaty signed between the Qing government and western countries. This treaty clearly demarcates the east-west border between China and China, and legally confirms that the vast areas of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River basins, including Sakhalin Island, are the territory of China. Russia agreed to withdraw the troops that invaded jaxa, and the Qing Dynasty agreed to give part of the land belonging to Nebuchadnezzar of China to Russia east of Lake Baikal. (Nebuchadnezzar Chu jumps over the moon) The border treaty signed between the Qing Dynasty and Russia. After the war of Jacques, the Qing government, on the one hand, was in a loyal opposition militarily, on the other hand, it wrote to the Russian government and suggested negotiations. At that time, the Russian government was busy competing with Germany and Sweden for control of the Baltic Sea in the west and with Turkey for the Black Sea estuary in west Asia. In addition, czar Peter the Great was young and his sister Sophia was in power, so she could not invade the East on a large scale and had to accept the advice of the Qing government. In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), Sino-Russian negotiations took place. The representative of the Qing Dynasty was Soetou, the minister in charge of the guards, and the representative of Russia was Getam Fedorow. Under the concession of the Russian government, China and China formally signed the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu through equal consultation. According to the treaty, the land in Heilongjiang River Basin and Wusuli River Basin, south of Outer Xing 'an Mountains, east of grbic River and Ergon all belong to China; The area between Waixing 'anling and Wudi River is temporarily stored for discussion. As long as one or two people cross the border to hunt or steal, they will be immediately armed and sent back to their own countries for punishment. Dozens of people who gang up and carry weapons across the border to kill and plunder will be arrested and repatriated and sentenced to death; Passport holders of the two countries can exchange markets across borders; The fugitives before the contract need not be repatriated, and the two countries will not accept fugitives after the contract. The city barrier built by Russians in jaxa should be dismantled immediately, and all Russians living here should move back to their motherland. The contents of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu were carved into boundary markers in Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian, Russian and Latin. This treaty clearly demarcates the east-west border between China and China, and legally confirms that the vast areas of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River basins, including Sakhalin Island, are the territory of China. Russia agreed to withdraw the troops that invaded jaxa, and the Qing Dynasty agreed to give Russia the land of Nebuchadnezzar, east of Lake Baikal, which belonged to China. The Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty affirmed that the vast areas of Heilongjiang and Wusuli River basins, including Sakhalin Island, are all China's territory, and stopped Russia's eastward aggression and expansion. At present, China generally gives positive comments on the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, believing that it is a normal border treaty between two sovereign countries and an equal treaty. However, the Russian side generally does not think so, and believes that the later "Love Faint Treaty" and "Beijing Treaty" are truly equal treaties.
However, some people think that China gave up its territory from the Ergon River to Lake Baikal in this treaty, which is actually unfavorable to China. The Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu should be regarded as the first unequal treaty in China's modern history. Since ancient times, Waixing 'anling area has been inhabited by ethnic minorities in northeast China. Since the Tang Dynasty, the Liao, Jin, Yuan and Ming Dynasties have effectively ruled this area, and the Ming Dynasty also established Nuergandus to govern this area. At first, Russia was only a principality of Moscow, and its main territory was in Europe. At that time, it was 0/0000 km away from Russian mainland/KLOC, near the outer Xing 'an Mountains. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, some Russian gangsters fled to settle near the Outer Xing 'an Mountains. At this time, the Qing Dynasty was in what some experts called a "prosperous time". At this time, Peter the Great had just implemented reforms in Russia. A prosperous country fought invaders from afar at its doorstep, but it took thousands of soldiers to capture Jacques, and only a few hundred Russian gangsters occupied Jacques. With the national strength of the Qing Dynasty at that time, the Russian invaders should have been driven out of the country, but in the end, the territory was ceded (the land of Nebuchadnezzar, east of Lake Baikal, originally belonged to China). There are two main reasons. First, the weapons of the Qing army were backward, and the Qing army advocated riding and shooting and abandoned the artillery of the Ming Dynasty, so it suffered heavy casualties against the artillery of the Russian invaders. Second, the Qing Dynasty just pacified China, and its colonial rule was not stable, so it was unwilling to spend it with Russia. Therefore, an unequal treaty of cession was signed. The text of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu was signed in Manchu and Latin, but not in Chinese, which shows that the two colonists colluded with each other. This unequal treaty sets a bad precedent. Since then, the Manchu government has successively concluded unequal treaties, losing power and humiliating the country, starting with the so-called "prosperous period of kanggan". In Song of the Seven Sons, Mr. Wen Yiduo indicated that the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu was an unequal treaty: "... from the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu to the Treaty of Dalian Lease, our country lost its land, lost the support of the motherland, was abused by others, and bore its sorrow more than the seven sons of Taifeng." ..... "The Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty was a border treaty signed by Russia through peaceful negotiations and backed by force in the Qing Dynasty.