So I want to study the history and origin of my hometown Yu Pei Village.
To study Yu Pei, we should first talk about Gong County.
I-Gongxian.
Qin Jia.
The Shang Dynasty called Que Gong and Zhou Gong.
Gong County, the hometown of Qin, is located in Kangdian Village, Kangdian Town, 3 kilometers northwest of gongyi city, belonging to Sanchuan County.
The Western Han Dynasty belongs to Henan County, and the Eastern Han Dynasty belongs to Henan Yin. The Three Kingdoms belonged to Henan County in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Eastern Wei is an elevation county. The Northern Qi Dynasty was abandoned into the elevation county.
In the 16th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (596), Gong County was restored, belonging to Luozhou. Tang and Five Dynasties belong to it.
Song belongs to Henan province. Song Zhenzong, named (65438+February 23rd, 968-1March 23rd, 022), was buried in Yongding Mausoleum (now southeast of Gongxian County, Henan Province). [ 1]
Ming and qing dynasties and the early republic of china.
19 13 belongs to Yuxi Road (renamed Heluo Road the following year).
1927, Henan province directly under the central government, 1928, removed the county to the old town and village of Zhan Jie town. 1932 belongs to the tenth administrative supervision area.
After the liberation of Zhengzhou, 1949 belonged to Zhengzhou, 1955 was changed to Kaifeng, and 1958 was placed under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou.
196 1 year 65438+February, returned to Kaifeng area.
1964 county moved to xiaoyi town, and in August 1983 it was changed to Zhengzhou city.
199 1 August, Gong County was abolished and gongyi city was established.
2. Changes of Gongxian Administrative Office
There are many ancient cities on the land of Gongyi, from the Neolithic sites to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there are no fewer than dozens of ancient city sites. As the seat of the county government, there are only six places, namely: the old city of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Xiaoping City, the old city of Zhan Jie, Luokou City, Yong 'an City and Aoling County of Zhan Jie. Zhongzhanjie Old Town has the longest history, from the Northern Wei Dynasty (around 500 AD) to the Republic of China 1928, which lasted for more than 400 years (only the Northern Qi and Sui Dynasties were briefly interrupted).
3. Textual research on Yu Pei's history
1. Pinghouguo
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Liu Bang played an important role. The 22nd place in Han Xin is Huaiyin Hou. Jia Pei observed a moment of silence for 32 people and 32 people.
Jia Pei attacked Qin with the help of others, entered Han with the help of doctors, made governors and made meritorious deeds with the help of generals. In June of the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu (20 1 year BC), he was named Emperor Pinghou. The capital is in the east of Mengjin County, Henan Province. Biography III: Mourning Hou Jiapei-Hou Jingpei-Hou Peizhi. In the fifth year of Emperor Jingdi (145 BC), "Hou Zhi was guilty and the country was eliminated. Pinghou State should be under the jurisdiction of Yanshi County, Gongxian County and Mengjin County of Henan Province. Thus, Yu Pei Ferry should be on the Yellow River under the jurisdiction of Pinghou State, and it was an important ferry at that time.
2. Pingxian County. In the first year of Yuanshou (BC 122), Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty abolished Houzhou Prefecture. Governance is located near Yu Pei Village, Kangdian Town, gongyi city City, Henan Province, on the south bank of the Yellow River. Its jurisdiction is equivalent to the northwest of gongyi city, the northeast of yanshi city and the east of Yujin County. Belongs to Henan county. Wang Mang was renamed Zhiping County. The Eastern Han Dynasty was renamed Pingxian County, which belonged to Yin in Henan Province. Soon the county was abandoned and the land entered Gong County.
3. Gongxian Xiaoping City Governance Research Institute. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the decadent rule of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling, the darkness of officialdom stimulated the sharpening of class contradictions. Peasant uprisings all over the country surged, which eventually led to the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. The uprising storm swept across the country, the world was in chaos, warlords were separated, and the people were in dire straits. For the sake of safety, Gongxian county government moved from Mangshan to Xiaopingjin in the north of Mangshan. Xiaopingjin, also known as Xiaopingcheng, was one of the "eight passes" in Henan at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and was the ferry from Gongluo to Hebei. According to the Records of Places of Interest, Xiaopingjin, the abandoned site of Han County, is in the northwest of Gong County. Shicheng's Annals of Henan Province says that Xiaoping City is in the northeast of Pingyin and Pingyin is in Mengjin County. Reading the summary of historical records mistakenly thinks that Xiaoping belongs to Jin Meng, and the author has no idea that Xiaoping and Pingyin are not the same place at all. Meng Gong borders, Pingyin's old city is in Jin Meng today, Xiaoping City belongs to Gongxian County, and its land is in Peiyudu, northwest of Gongxian County today. "Peiping and Pingyin have turned to their old places". In 220 AD, Cao Pi built the State of Wei in the Han Dynasty, all in Luoyang. Gong County is still Jixian County. Although Xiaoping City became a county magistrate, it is located in a corner of Gongxian County, which is blocked by Mangshan Mountain, and it is inconvenient to govern the county. Therefore, to find a suitable place to build county magistrate, Luoling, the birthplace of Heluo culture, became the first choice. Gongxian governs the relocation of the old town to Station Street.
4. Xiaopingjin Pass, one of the eight passes in Luoyang.
Luoyang city is surrounded by four sanitation blocks, with many men and customs, and the situation is dangerous and impregnable. There are eight customs around Hangu, Yike, Guangcheng, Otani, Yuan Tiao, Xuanmen, Jin Meng and Xiaopingjin, which are collectively called "eight customs and eight cities".
In the first year of Zhong Ping (A.D. 184), Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with He Jin as the general, led Yulin Army and five captains to camp in Tunduge to town the capital; In the vicinity of Luoyang, Kyoto, Hangu Pass is set up, and eight passes, namely, Yi Que, Guang Cheng, Otani, Tieyuan, Xuanmen, Jin Meng and Xiaopingjin, are set up, and a captain is set up for the eight passes to take charge of military and political affairs and guard the public order in Kyoto.
Luoyang, surrounded by sanitary facilities, is full of powerful customs, and the situation is dangerous and impregnable. Located in the west of Fiona Fang, which is 500 miles away, Luoyang Eight Pass has three passes each, which played a great role in the communication between vassal states and the defense of the imperial city at that time.
Xiaopingjinguan site is located in the northwest of garden village, the old city of Jin Meng, in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is also a ferry on the Yellow River, ranking second only to Fupingjin (Jinmengguan), hence the name Xiaopingjin. In addition, there are Tongguan in the west, Hulao Pass in the east, Tianjingguan (now the top of South Taihang Mountain in Jincheng County of Shanxi Province) and Guan Zhe (west of Jiyuan County of Henan Province) in the north. These passes are the gateway to Luoyang, with strict barriers and guards, making Luoyang an offensive and retreatable military stronghold.
I grew up in Yu Pei Ferry near the Yellow River, and I know a little about Xiao Ping Jin being held in the middle of the Yellow River. When I was a child, the Yellow River roared from 1975 to 1985. When crossing the river, the boat must row diagonally against the current. The Yellow River often has two sections, and sometimes there is an island in the middle of the river. When the ship reached the island in the middle of the river, it turned the rudder and rowed diagonally across the river. Because the Yellow River is in a hurry, ships rely on wind and manpower, so they must travel diagonally against the current or downstream. Therefore, the ships on the north and south sides of the Yellow River ferry are far apart, which is by no means visible across the bank, but more than ten miles away from the north and south upstream and downstream. I estimate that Yu Pei Ferry is the ferry of Xiaoping Jinguan on the south bank of the Yellow River. Because of Pinghou Prefecture, there is Pingxian County, so there is Xiaoping City, so there is Xiaoping Jinguan.
5. Pei Yudu in historical documents.
In September of the 20th year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (400 years), Hong held a military parade in Xiaopingjin (now Kangdian, Yu Pei).
In the ten years of Qing Qianlong's reign, Gong County Records recorded: "Water (small) Ping Jin, in the northwest of the county, was helped by Emperor Han Ling."
In the fifty-fourth year of Qing Qianlong and the eighteenth year of the Republic of China, Gong County Records recorded: "... County Records: the abandoned site of Han County in Xiaoping City. In the northwest of Gong County, there is a river called Xiaopingjin, so-called Xiaopingshan, which should be named after the old city ...".
In the fifty-fourth year of Qingganlong in Gongxian annals, it was written: "The river flows eastward from Jin Meng to Gongxian boundary for Xiaopingjin." Records of historical sites, county records and national records: Xiaoping City, the abandoned site of Han County, has the name of Hejin in the northwest, that is, the corner of the city. Shi Fuzhi's Xiaoping City is in the northeast of Pingyin, and Pingyin is in Mengjin County. Therefore, in Yu Fang Minutes, Xiaoping City belongs to Jin Meng, and I don't know whether Xiaoping and Pingyin are right or wrong. The ancient city of Pingyin is adjacent to Jin Meng and Meng Gong, so Xiaoping City entered Gongxian County. "I still remember: Hanshu Xiaopingjin Pass, Yu Fang Minutes, one of the eight passes of Lingdi. Yuan Shaozhu's eunuchs often waited on Zhang Rang and others, took the emperor out of the Valley Gate and sent him to Xiaopingjin. In the last years of Jin Yongjia, it was just a small town in Baomeng Tianjin, that is, Xiaopingjin. Liu Cong sent Liu Xie to ride hundreds of villages and small towns. Murong Muwei sent Lu to protect Luoyang and retreat to Xiaopingjin. Wei Hou often talked about martial arts in Xiaopingjin, and Er Zhurong sent troops. Hu Taihou sent Fei Mu to Tun Xiaopingjin to refuse. ……"
In the Republic of China 18, Gongxian Records recorded: "The river flows eastward through Jin Meng and enters Gongxian boundary, which is called Xiaopingjin. Zhang Huai's Notes to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty said: Xiaopingjin is in the northwest of Gongxian County. According to the Water Classic Note, the river flows to the east of Pingxian County, so it is the north of the city. Wang Mang's so-called Ping is Xiaoping. Hu Sansheng's Annotation "Learning from One's Own Experience": Xiao Pingjin is located in the north of Pingxian County, Henan Province, and covers the Annotation of Shuijing. He also quoted the sage as saying that in the northwest of Gongxian County, Gai said that it would be returned to Gong after the flat was abolished. Ji Youzhi said that the Record of Scenic Spots was quoted from Jun Guo Zhi: there was no article about Xiao Pingjin in Jun Guo Zhi, but Xiao Pingjin was in Ling Di Ji. It is also recorded in History of Xiao Ping Town in Han Dynasty that Xiao Ping Town is the abandoned site of Han County. There is a river called Xiaopingjin in the northwest of Gongxian County, which is also the corner of the city. The official history of Henan: crossing Yu Pei in the northwest of Gong Jin. (excerpt from). "Han Xiaopingjin's" County Records ":There is Hejin in the northwest of Gong County. ("Ji Youzhi") "Ji Youzhi" also notes: "Pei," Henan Tongzhi ":Pei is in the west of Gongxian. Henan official records: The crossing of Yu Pei is suspected to be the crossing of Xiaopingjin in the Yellow River.
"In March of the first year of Hanzhong Ping (184), I set up a first-class officer in Baduandu. (History of the Emperors in the Later Han Dynasty). Zhang Huai's Note: Eight passes refer to Hanguan, Guangcheng, Yique, Otani, Xuanyuan, Xuanmen, Xiaopingjin and Jin Meng.
"Hanzhong Ping six years (189) in August, often wait on Zhang Rang, Duan Gui and so on. , rob little emperor Chen Liuwang, in order to take XiaoPingJin. (History of Emperors in the Later Han Dynasty) Jean, Jue and others killed the general He Jin. So the samurai corps commander Yuan Shu burned down the East and West Palace to attack the officials. Qin, Jue and others robbed the young emperor and took Xiao Pingjin away. ……"。
"In the first year of Han Chuping (190), Dong Zhuoqian sent soldiers from here to Tianjin to break the satrap of Hanoi in Wang Kuang. ("Dong Zhuochuan") At that time, Wang Kuang, the governor of Hanoi, was stationed in Heyangjin. He would challenge the suspected soldiers with Tu Zhuo and Zhuo Zhuo, while the submarine crossed Tianjin from Tianjin and broke it in the north. "
"Jin Yongjia five years (3 1 1 year), Yan Wang Zuo Wenji opened the wide desert door at night and ran to Xiaopingjin. Jin Shuhuai, Emperor Ji, Liu Yao, Wang Mi, Schleswig-Holt and Wang Shifen were defeated by thieves.
"In the first year of Jin Jianwu (3 17), Liu Congling's son, Liu Yadeng, attacked Zhao Gu, second only to Xiao Pingjin. (Liu Cong recorded in the Book of Jin) Biography of Li Moment: Liu Yasheng and others led a hundred thousand troops to March on the North Shore.
"The first year of the dragon and (362), Mr. Murong? Retreat Land Rover and others to Xiaopingjin. (Jin Mu Di Ji) Defended Luoyang, sent Yu, the commander of the North Army, and the commander of Jingling, Deng Ya, rescued Luoyang with the owner, and the guards retreated to Xiaopingjin. (57 pages)
"Wei Taihe twenty years (496) in September, the emperor read Wu Yu's Xiao Pingjin. (Shu Wei Xiao Wen Di Ji).
"Wei Jingming two years later (50 1 year), the emperor fortunately Xiao Pingjin. Wang Xi in Xianyang rebelled, and he felt that he had run away and was captured in the White House. "
Wei Jingming two years (50 1 year), Xiao Pingjin, commander-in-chief of Xiaochang in Zhao Chang Town. (Biography of Zhou Shu Zhao Yun)
"In the first year of Wutai (528), Er Zhurong defected to Luo, and the Empress Dowager Ling ordered Fei Mu Tunxiaoping, the general of Wuwei. ("Shu Wei Fei Yu Biography Attached to Fei Mu Biography") "
"Qi Wangcheng returned to Xiaoping Gold with the owner, and the Jin 'an tomb collapsed. There is an inscription saying:' Today's plateau will turn into spring after a thousand years. When it comes to hegemony, it will be relocated and buried more' ".
6. Modern Yu Pei Ferry. When I was a teenager, there were sailboats at Yu Pei Ferry, but there were few, one on the south bank of the Yellow River and the other on the north bank. But the old people in my village recalled that before and after liberation, there were more than 100 large ships at Yu Pei Ferry, which was victorious. Gongxian Transportation Bureau No.2 Handling Station, located in the present location of the Yellow River Shopping Mall, was originally close to the railway battlefield, and most of it belonged to Yu Pei Village. This unit is a national unit, which was rebuilt after the founding of the People's Republic of China. This shows the scale and prosperity of Yu Pei Ferry before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China!
Baidu Encyclopedia, Shenghua Liu. 194 1 In the summer of, he led his troops across the Yellow River from Peiyukou, Gongxian County, and went deep into the enemy lines in northern Henan Province to fight guerrilla warfare, which greatly frightened the Japanese troops in wen county and Qinyang. On June 3, in Xiaowangzhuang, Wenxian County, it was surrounded by more than 3,000 people from the Tanigawa United of the 36th Division of the Japanese Army and the Puppet Army. He and most soldiers died heroically.
My uncle recalled that when he was a teenager, he led the Kuomintang troops along the river and crossed the Yellow River from Yu Pei for three days.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/942, the Japanese invaded the north bank of the Yellow River. The situation was chaotic and the situation was very tense. Sun Baoyangyu, the 19th generation of Baoshi East Temple in Nancaizhuang Village, Yanshi, led his troops to the Yellow River Ferry in Gongxian County to guard against Japanese invasion.
When I was a teenager, I often went to the cement and steel turret on the mountain near the Yellow River at the entrance of the village to play. The turret is more than a foot long and very strong.
According to the above information available online, I love my hometown and am not afraid of ugliness in my class! Mr. Yu Dafu once wrote: a nation without great people is the most pitiful group of creatures in the world; A country whose great people don't know how to support, love and admire is a hopeless slave country. I think a country, a nation, a surname and a village are all the same! Looking back at my hometown, it is a land of marquis, with majestic rivers and victorious battles. Very good!
Attachment: Archaeology and Legend.
1, archaeology. The collapse slope is located on the south bank of the Yellow River and the north slope of Mangshan Mountain in the west of Kangdian Town, gongyi city. It used to be an extremely ordinary natural village. Ever since the first 1 generation archaeology in China discovered the Yangshao cultural remains 6,000 years ago here in 1930s, it has become famous at home and abroad. During the period of 1933, the China Modern Archaeological Group Henan Antiquities Research Association made a scientific excavation of the site. A large number of unearthed cultural relics were boxed, carried by donkeys to the station and transported to Kaifeng, then the capital of Henan Province, which was still fresh in the memory of local villagers. Archaeological excavations have proved that it was a prosperous small tribe 6,000 years ago.
In a place to the south of the landslide site, the local people call it "Miaowa", which is high in the south and low in the north. A natural slope is recessed to the south, with Jiefangling Natural Village in the south, Valling in the southwest, Yellow River Beach in the north, ravines in the east, Cave Mouth Ridge in the east and Red Earth Mouth in the west. When we conducted field archaeological investigation, we did find a large number of ancient architectural remains here. According to local legend, there were two large temples here, Bailing Temple and Baique Temple. According to the nature of architectural remains, they should belong to the Han Dynasty. Then, how can there be such a large-scale temple on the desolate bank of the Yellow River? Did it really prosper here two thousand years ago? Many records about Xiao Ping-jin in Gongxian annals have solved this mystery for us. Was Yu Pei Village in Kangdian a prosperous big town before 2000?
2. Folk custom fragment: Legend has it that in ancient times, it used to be a big town on the bank of the Yellow River, and the older generation called it Heshan Town.
Legend has it that Heshan Town is a big town in Fiona Fang for more than ten miles, with one street and one shop. There is a ten-mile bluestone road from the inside to the riverside pier in the middle. In the south of the town, there are two big temples, Bailing Temple in the east and Baique Temple in the west. The two temples are not far apart, facing each other. The pines and cypresses in the temple are towering, guarding the mysterious and magnificent hall like the majestic King Kong. There are seven streets, eight cities and nine flower beds in the town, and the seven streets are lined up in the east, west, north and south. There are four streets in Guandao West: Liu Xia Street, Yusheng Street, Hongde Street, Guandao Donghualou Street, Zumiao Street, Wuchang Street and Tangyu Street. Eight cities include bamboo and wood temple, cotton grain market, leather goods market, medicinal materials market, silk cloth market, aquatic products market and casino market. The nine flower gardens include: Yuhong Garden, Xing Chun Yan Garden, Saixianzi Garden, Lv Yun Pavilion Garden, Bailianju Garden, Yizhimei Garden, Zhuangyuan Building Garden, Bishuitang Garden and Yangliudi Garden. Nine gardens are also divided into three grades, six grades and eight grades. Every day, the bosses dress up Yaojie in red and green, paint her shoulders and lips, dress up beautifully, and gather in front of the door to make faces and attract business. There are towering poplars, colorful willows dancing in the wind, verdant embankments, endless interests, and lotus ponds where frogs croak and fish jump. Here Bai Lianhua flies, butterflies fly, mandarin ducks play in the water, and birds sing softly, which is so poetic.
(legend and folk drama) once surnamed Pei. Quan Min Village is an administrative village on Qinglong Mountain in the southwest of Dayugou Town, gongyi city. Residents mostly form natural villages on the banks of Haiyan River and on the mountains. Haiyan River originates from the ancient slope of Xinshan Village. The downstream rivers include Shuidi River, Baiye River, Huangye River and Shihe River, and finally it flows into Luohe River, which is called Sisi River. After the civil rights, many mountain springs gushed out. There is a spring pool called Haiyan. This section of the river is called "Haiyan River" and the mountain in the north is called "Haiyan Ridge". There are three famous spring pools in the river, namely Lao Quan, Marshal Pool, Kong Longquan, Marshal Pool, Phoenix Terrace and Guogou Road, all of which are related to the legendary leaders Ma Long and Pei Yuee at the end of Sui Dynasty. The folk opera "Burning a Small Peach Garden" reflects this, and the original ancient inscription on the roadside north of Marshal Pool also records this statement. There is a man named Cooper on Phoenix TV. It is said that this place used to be a warning lighthouse. At the foot of the mountain, there is a natural cave next to the Marshal Pool, where the stone cracks can lead to the top of the mountain. A fire was lit in the cave at the foot of the mountain, and smoke came from the beacon tower on the mountain. This special beacon tower was built by Malone. According to folklore, Malone is a native of Yu Pei Village near the Yellow River. He practiced martial arts since childhood and was proficient in military tactics. Later, he got engaged to Pei Yuee, a woman in the village. At the end of Sui Dynasty, there were years of famine, swords and shadows, and the war was in chaos. Malone joined the rebel army and became a general, relying on Qinglong Mountain to fight against the loyalists. Pei Yuee, the heroine, doesn't want to be bullied by bullies. She was also frustrated by the Yellow River. She had to lead troops to join forces with Malone in Qinglong Mountain. Malone was honored as the "King of Danding", and Pei Yuee was honored as the Marshal of Military Forces. Marshal House is located in Puning Temple in the north of Marshal Pool. On this basis, the insurgents recruited soldiers, fought against government forces, helped the rich and helped the poor, and did many good things for the people. At the foot of the mountain, it has become a racecourse and a military training ground for practicing and reviewing non-commissioned officers. "Gegou Furnace" was built in the ravine on the ridge, where the fire was blazing and the hammer was clanging, making it a building site for weapons such as knives, spears and Gegou. At that time, there were no wells here, and people ate horses and drank water from the "Tianchi" under the ditch. Later, in order to commemorate the good deeds of the rebel army, Tianchi was changed to "Marshal Pool", which has been used ever since. After Pei Yuee's death, she was buried beside the cypress beside the beacon tower. Because it is a girl's phoenix, the name was changed from "beacon tower" to "phoenix tower" according to the homonym. From 65438 to 0945, Gongxian Fifth Anti-Japanese District Government and Gongxian Fifth District Committee were stationed in Marshal Pool.
Attachment: Records of Gongxian County ~ I don't agree that Pingpei Tone sandhi is the origin of Yu Pei village name! People in our village read Pei and Pei in Mandarin.
Just like Chen Yinque's words, dictionaries and academic sessions all think that reading Ke, Mr. Chen Yinque himself and his hometown people say that reading que in his hometown, and now most of them are based on the pronunciation of Mr. Chen Yinque's hometown.
There is also King Qian Liu of wuyue, who was written and read as Qian Miao in many articles.
The pronunciation of Chinese characters has its local factors and historical changes. Ping to pia makes sense, but how to write Pei is unknown.