Triumphal ceremony is a ceremony held by a general (usually an independent officer, consul or CEO) who has the supreme command when the victorious team returns to March on Rome. In 396 BC, Kamilu ended the Victorian and Irish War of 10; In 20 1 year BC, old Scipio defeated Carthage; In BC 168, Barusz conquered Macedonia; In 58-50 BC, Caesar conquered Gaul; In 64-64 BC, Pompeii wiped out Bendu, Syria and the Jewish kingdom, and all of them won a grand victory. Winning the battle is the highest reward for military service, and at the same time, can you still enjoy it? Grand marshal? The title of.
1. The system of holding triumphal celebrations in Rome began shortly after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) (509 BC). Holding this ceremony is an earth-shattering event in the military and political life of the Romans, and it is also a grand festival of national jubilation. At that time, all the elders and government officials went out to meet them, and thousands of citizens welcomed them on both sides of the street. Celebrations last one or several days.
There are two main contents of the triumph: one is to March into the city, and the other is to hold a ceremony to worship the gods and prisoners after arriving at the Temple of Capitoli (located on Mount Capitoli) in the city.
Second, the ranking of exhibition spoils.
The victorious team is quite large. The parade started from Mas (Roman God of War) field, with the band and honor guard in front, followed by the team holding the trophy. Every time the Romans won a foreign war, they would get a lot of military plunder, so showing off the spoils became an important part of the triumph.
In the triumph ceremony held after Barousse conquered Macedonia, the amount of booty was amazing: there were 250 precious Greek statues, paintings and other artworks, 77 boxes of gold coins and 750 boxes of silver coins. Each box weighs 3 tarants (each tarant weighs 26 kilograms). As for other gold and silver vessels, weapons and equipment and wealth seized, there are countless more. The triumph lasted for three days because of the large number of trophies and the large carrying team.
In the triumph ceremony held for Pompeii in 62 BC, the silver coins in the booty alone amounted to 7565438+ million drachmas (* * * about 327,000 kilograms). 4.36 grams per drachma). Most of these trophies were turned over to the state treasury, except those given to soldiers and those pocketed by commanders.
In teams carrying trophies, they often carry special models of conquered cities, pictures with war scenes and other publicity materials to show off their exploits.
Third,? Prisoner? The team that follows the team that carries the loot is dedicated to God? Sacrifice? And the captives. ? Sacrifice? There are more than 100 white cows, accompanied by monks holding gold and silver ritual vessels and candlesticks. Captives include enemy generals and even heads of state or tribal chiefs, as well as ordinary soldiers, women and children.
For example, at the triumph ceremony in Barousse, there were Macedonian King Balthus, two boys and a girl from Balthus. In Pompeii's triumph, there were the cavalry leader of Bendu Kingdom, the five sons and two daughters of King Bendu, and the Jewish king.
The victorious commander-in-chief thought that if there were no senior generals or heads of state of the enemy among the prisoners, it would not be enough to add color to the ceremony and please the Romans. Those prisoners often committed suicide to get rid of this insult in order not to let the Roman commanders satisfy the Romans' eyes with themselves. In 30 BC, Cleopatra, the Egyptian queen who fell into Octavian's hands, would rather be killed by a poisonous snake than let Octavian take herself to Rome.
Fourth, the prestige of the winner The most attractive goal of the triumphal team is to push the triumphal person himself. He sat in a gorgeous car pulled by four white horses, wearing a crown of triumph inlaid with gold and precious stones, a glittering purple triumph robe, an ivory scepter decorated with a golden eagle in one hand and a laurel branch in the other? This is a symbol of Rome's victory.
In order not to let people see the triumphant person with respect, according to the traditional custom, the triumphant person's face should be painted with bright red rouge. There were boys and girls standing beside the triumphalist, and a national slave stood behind him, holding a golden crown in his hand, indicating that the glory of the triumphalist had reached its peak. At the same time, he has to keep shouting to the victors:? Don't be proud! Remember, you are just a mortal? .
Bells and whips were hung in front of the victors, because the Romans used bells to clear the way when escorting criminals. The reason for this is to remind the triumphalist that his fate is unpredictable. Although he is prosperous today, he may be severely punished in the future.
The chariot in which the winner rode marched among the attendants. Is it a burden to walk in front of the triumphalists? Fascist? A heavily guarded guard. ? Fascist? It is a symbol of power and consists of a bunch of sticks (cassia twig) with a tomahawk inserted. It is a symbol of supreme power, and it is also a symbol of power and violence.
Behind the triumphalist are his ministers, relatives, secretaries, assistants, shield holders and so on. These people are also dressed in red and riding big horses.
The last part of the victory of the victorious army is the victorious army. They all wear crowns and hold cassia twigs in their hands. The most active of them are those who wear medals of merit. They either whisper to each other or give orders, praising, mocking or condemning their commanders at will.
In the triumph, everyone's speech is free and everyone can speak freely. Because the Romans thought that a commander-in-chief could hold a triumph ceremony, his honor and dignity reached the extreme. Not only mortals admire him, but even immortals are jealous. In order to prevent the triumph, Thai Tai Chi is extremely joyful and sad, so it is intended to make the soldiers laugh and insult the triumph as much as possible, hoping to calm the gods and jealousy. In this way, the soldiers have the opportunity to speak freely.
For example, when Caesar held the triumph ceremony of conquering Gaul, the soldiers took the opportunity to laugh at his lewdness and drink to the Roman citizens on both sides of the parade. Take care of your wives, citizens, we brought the bald old goat,
Sixth, the final climax of the ceremony When the victorious team finally arrived at the Capitoli Temple to hold a ceremony to worship the gods and prisoners, the triumph ceremony reached its climax. Sacrifice (? Sacrifice? In addition to white cattle, some prisoners will be executed, and the rest are slaves.
After the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the gods and prisoners is completed, the Triumph will be a piece? Io (long live)! Celebrate the victory! ? The cheers of the end. After that, as usual, the winning commander-in-chief will hold some public dinners, tournaments, competitive animal fights and other activities at his own expense, and even build squares and temples for the country.
The Senate often takes some money from a large number of trophies handed over to the state treasury by victorious countries, erects statues for victorious countries in the square, or builds tall triumphal columns or triumphal arches.
Seven, * * * and small victories in the national period, and sometimes small victories are held. This was awarded when the military commander's victory and achievements were outstanding, but not enough to win the triumph honor.
In 7 1 BC, crassus suppressed the Spartak uprising, which was a small victory. The scale and momentum of the small triumph are not as good as that of the big triumph.
Rome held a triumphal system, praising military achievements and national prestige, and inspiring soldiers' ambition to make contributions on the battlefield. This played a certain role in Rome's repeated wars and victories in its external expansion.