Related words belong to the scope of function words. The discrimination and use of related words tend to use related words in the administrative professional ability test. The discrimination of related words mainly involves the differences in the application of words with similar meanings or similar forms, which can be understood slowly by the majority of candidates in the examples. In fact, if we can use related words well, it will be easier to master the analysis of related words. However, the use of related words has always been a difficult point, because in the administrative professional ability examination, some questions involve more than related words. This requires candidates to master a wider range of knowledge. Because related words belong to the scope of function words, in order to help the majority of candidates better grasp this knowledge point, we will introduce the analysis and use of function words.
1. Distinguish general function words accurately
Function words play a very important role in sentences. We should accurately grasp the subtle differences between similar function words, such as "being" and "having", "therefore" and "further", "right" and "about", "occasionally" and "accidentally", "always" and "extra" and "extra".
2. Pay attention to the use of function words
(1) Understand the meaning of words. In fact, many function words are not meaningless. Understand the meaning, and your usage will be clear. For example, "not only" and "not only", the former means beyond a certain amount or range, often followed by quantifiers; The latter is a conjunction, which echoes "Ye, He" and is often followed by a clause.
(2) Pay attention to collocation. Function words, especially related words, are often used with each other or with content words. Common mistakes are:
① Improper collocation of related words.
For example, "it rained all night yesterday, but it didn't stop after dawn, and it rained harder and harder." ("and" should be "substitution")
"Both cadres and the masses are concerned about this matter." (Change "harmony" to "or")
② Improper collocation of prepositions.
For example, "all the students are full of confidence in our class's achievements. You must not disgrace our class." (changed to "give")
This year, we should focus on accelerating the construction of the social security system.
③ Improper collocation of function words and content words.
For example, "No matter how hard it is, we must stick to it." ("So" is changed to "How")
"No matter how difficult it is, we must stick to it." ("How" is changed to "So")
(3) Pay attention to the position of function words.
① The position of related words is incorrect.
For example, "many people came to the meeting. Because he is introverted and not tall, people have never paid special attention to him. "
"Because" should come before "He". This mainly involves the position order of the related words and subjects: if the subjects of the preceding and following clauses are the same, the subject comes before the related words; If the subjects are different, the related words come before the subjects.
② The position of negative adverbs is improper.
For example, "Why don't you tell him the news?" "Lei Feng's name has not been forgotten by everyone."
"Bu" and "Wu" should be placed before "Ba" and "Bei" respectively, because the negative words in "Ba" and "Bei" should be placed before "Ba" and "Bei".
③ The conjunctions are incorrect.
For example, "Ginseng, mink and soybean are important local products in Northeast China."
"He" and pause should be interchanged. Generally speaking, when several things are juxtaposed, the word "and" connects the last two.
First, word substitution
In order to find out the truth, our reporter interviewed several insiders at the time of the incident overnight. ()
A. Visit B. Search C. Visit D. Visit
Analysis: the answer is D. Only "interview" is more in line with the original meaning of the sentence, so the answer is D.
Example 2 Lao Zhang is a humorous person. As long as he is around, everyone is always happy. ()
A. Touched B. Harmonious C. Funny D. Cute
Analysis: the answer is C. The word "humor" mainly refers to Lao Zhang's humorous speech, which is synonymous with "humor", so the two words can be replaced with each other.
Second, choose words to fill in the blanks.
Example 1 I () have my dreams in this charming land.
A. Nostalgia B. Attachment C. Infatuation D. Love
Analysis: The answer is A. "Attachment" refers to reluctance to leave, which contains an emotional sustenance and dependence. "Infatuation" refers to intense and extreme love. "Love" refers to the feeling of being deeply attracted in the general sense. "nostalgia" emphasizes reluctance to leave or give up, indicating that A is the answer.
Example 2 Fill in the related words on the following horizontal lines in turn, and the most appropriate group is ().
Thousands of tons of ships will bump up and down in such a big storm, () such a small ship.
(2) Digging such a well takes up a lot of land and is uneconomical. (3) The well is surrounded by sand, which is easy to collapse.
(3) After the reform, the product quality has been improved, and the style is novel; (3) The packaging is exquisite, which is more popular with the masses.
A. except with B. except with C. except with D. except with D.
Analysis: the answer is d, which is a test question to examine the ability to distinguish related words. The topic involves the usage of three conjunctions: besides, besides, besides. "Besides" means that the tone is straightforward and has the meaning of further expression, which is consistent with the meaning of the second sentence. A usage of "besides" means that A is like this, not to mention B, which is consistent with the meaning of the sentence 1 "Moreover" is often used to express general progression, that is, the meaning of the last clause is one level higher than that of the previous clause, which is consistent with the meaning of the third sentence.
Thirdly, the analysis and application of idioms.
Example 1 Fill in the following idioms on the horizontal line in turn. The most relevant group is ().
(1) The Treasure Hall of the Palace Museum displays all kinds of rare treasures and antiques, which makes people ().
(2) Jade carving exhibits such as birds, animals, flowers and figures are displayed in the exhibit room of the Jade Factory, which are different in expression and lifelike. It's really ().
(3) The car was running on Shennongjia Mountain, and I saw strange peaks and mountains. It was really ().
(4) The container is full of traditional jewelry, jadeite, jade carving, calligraphy and painting, and the variety is complete, which is really ().
A. There are too many things to see, too many things to see and too many beautiful things to see. There are too many things to see, too many things to see, too many beautiful things to see.
C. There are too many beautiful things to see and too many dazzling things to see.
Analysis: the answer is d, which is a test question to examine the ability to distinguish idioms. In the choice, "too much to satisfy" and "too much to satisfy" are a pair of synonyms. The former originally referred to the beautiful scenery along the way, and later described that there were too many people or things to receive and deal with; The latter means too much to see. According to the meaning of the sentence, ① sentence is suitable for "too many things to see" and ③ sentence is suitable for "too many things to see". "A dazzling array of things" and "beautiful things" are also synonyms. The former refers to many beautiful things (mostly handicrafts), while the latter is more inclined to express an overall aesthetic feeling, which shows that the latter has a layer of meaning more than the former. Combined with the meaning of the word, according to the meaning of the sentence, it is more appropriate to fill in the second sentence with "beautiful" and the fourth sentence with "dazzling".
Example 2 Among the following sentences, the appropriate sentence to add idioms is ().
A. At that time, it was raining heavily, the road was muddy, and the car could no longer walk. The rescue team had to walk slowly and trudge to the dam for more than an hour.
B.she developed a sense of superiority from an early age. Even if she needs someone to take care of her in the hospital, she is still bossy and domineering.
During the C meeting, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units set up flower bonsai sales booths outside the venue. During the break, there was a large flow of people in front of the booth, and the products were in short supply.
D. You just moved to a new house. The room is spacious and bright, but the decoration is a bit monotonous. I suggest you hang an oil painting, which will definitely brighten the room.
Analysis: The answer is B, which is a test question to examine the ability to use idioms. The phrase "walk without riding" in sentence A comes from the Warring States Policy, and its original intention is to walk slowly and just ride, showing a calm attitude, which is not in line with the rescue atmosphere in the sentence. The "traffic" in sentence C comes from the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, which means that a car is like running water and a horse is like a dragon. Used to describe that there are many cars, horses or vehicles, and there are many customers in front of the flower stall. The "resplendent and magnificent" in sentence D is a modest expression, which means that you are honored, because others come to your home or hang calligraphy and paintings that others gave you, while sentence D refers to other people's new homes, which is of course inappropriate. In sentence B, "what to do" means to gesture with facial expressions instead of talking, showing an arrogant look. It is more appropriate to describe "she" who thinks she is superior and superior from an early age. So, the answer to this question is B.
1.(2002 < A >, Phonetic Understanding and ExpressionNo. 12)
The original question takes AIDS as an example. Since the first case of AIDS was discovered in 198 1 USA, HIV has spread all over the world at an alarming rate and has gradually become a global problem to be solved urgently.
The proper wording in [] is ().
A. Evolution B. Evolution C. Deduction D. Evolution
Analysis: the answer is B. evolution refers to the development and change that lasts for a long time; Evolution refers to evolution; Deduction refers to the changing process from general to special; Evolution refers to the development and change of nature. According to the stem, it is obvious that C and D should be excluded, and because evolution means evolution and emphasizes the process of change, B is chosen here.
2. (Question 18 of Speech Comprehension and Expression in 2002)
Original title [e] Libraries in various countries are full of biographies of Napoleon written by so-called "Napoleonic scholars", [f] As far as Chaplin's biography is concerned, there are no fewer than six or seven kinds in my limited knowledge. There are autobiographies written by myself and biographies written by others.
[e] [f] [g] The proper wording is: ().
A. Is it just B. Not to mention C. Is it just D. Not to mention whether it is also?
Analysis: the answer is B. "No matter" cannot be used alone, and it is often followed by words such as "or" or ",so the C option is excluded. Option A obviously doesn't work when using "or" in [f], so A is excluded. Comparing "only" and "if also", it is obvious that "only" in [f] [g] is more suitable, so this question B is better.
3.(2003 < b > Speech Comprehension and Expression Question 4)
Before and after the May 4th Movement, western culture was introduced and a large number of new political science words were used. At present, with the deepening of reform and opening up, new economic words are particularly active, such as "knowledge economy", "special zone", "laid-off" and "fired". During nuclear fission, various particles collide at high speed and produce new particles. Language phenomenon B.
Fill in the words A and B in turn, and the most appropriate one is ().
A. Emergence is similar to this B. Birth is similar to this C. Birth is similar to this D. Emergence is similar to this.
Analysis: the answer is D. This question mainly distinguishes between "production" and "birth" and "similar to this" and "similar to it". Emergence means that (people and things) appear in large numbers; Birth, pointing out life. Obviously, it is more appropriate to use "emerging" in one place. Similar to this meaning means the same meaning; Similar to it means roughly similar. Obviously, it is more appropriate to use "similar to it" in B. To sum up, choose D.
Only when a word is applied to a specific language environment can it have exact meaning. In other words, only in a specific language environment can we understand a word accurately, concretely and thoroughly. Therefore, a key to solving this problem is that candidates should have a large number of words in their minds and be familiar with the meaning, usage and so on of commonly used words; At the same time, candidates can accurately grasp the meaning of the whole sentence in the shortest time, that is, they must have a good sense of language.
In the training of this type of question, the enhancement of language sense is mainly obtained by reading, that is, putting every word in a sentence, and then reading it silently once or several times until you find the language sense. turn