Alias: Chun Mei, prune, red and green plum, red plum, green plum, etc.
Latin scientific name: Mei (apricot)
English name: Mumeplant Japanese
Rosaceae, Prunus.
Significance: Plum blossom is the spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation.
Plum blossom is the spiritual symbol of our Chinese nation and China, and it has a strong and universal appeal and impetus. Plum blossom symbolizes the spiritual quality of perseverance, perseverance, courage to struggle and self-improvement. The lofty quality and loyalty of marching forward against the snow, smelling the cold and smelling the fragrance, and being hard-core and cold-hearted have inspired generations of China people to explore bravely and create an excellent life and civilization. Some people think that Mei's character and integrity almost freehand brushwork the spirit of our "descendants of the dragon". The whole country, from celebrities to cloth clothes, has loved plum blossoms for thousands of years. "In the history of literature and art, the number of Mei poems and paintings is enough to make any kind of flowers fall behind." China people appreciate flowers, not only for their appearance, but also for their personality and spiritual strength.
morphological character
The plant height is about 10m, and the trunk is brownish purple with multiple longitudinal lines. Branchlets are green. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, margin serrate. 65438+ 0~2 flowers per node, sessile or short-stalked, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red and colored spots to yellowish colors, which bloom in early spring. Plum blossoms can be divided into departments, classes and types. Such as real plum, apricot, cherry plum, etc. Plum blossom is a small deciduous tree, with grayish brown trunk, slender green hairless branchlets, oval or round leaves, fine teeth on the leaf margin, and flower buds planted in the axils of long branches, with 1~2 flowers per node, fragrant, 5 petals, white to water red, double petals. The drupe is nearly spherical, with suture, yellow or green, pilose and sour, and the pulp is not easy to separate from the drupe, and the fruit matures in June and July. (pictured)
There are many varieties and types of plum blossoms. At present, there are more than 30 varieties, which can be divided into right-angled plum, Zhao and Longyoumei according to their branches and growth posture. It can also be divided into Gong Fenmei, Hongmei, Zhao, Green Sepals Plum, Big Hongmei, Jade Butterfly Plum and Sprinkled Golden Plum. Among them, Gongfenmei is the most common, with pink petals and dense and thick flowers; Jade butterfly plum petals are purple and white; The petals of green sepals are white and have a strong fragrance, especially the "green calyx of money".
Distribution of origin
Plum blossom originated in the southwest of China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum blossom. China wild plum has four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, southern Jiangxi mountainous areas and Fujian and Taipei areas. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March. Wild plums are distributed in high altitude areas such as Sichuan, Hubei and Guangxi. Plum blossoms cultivated in the south of the Yellow River can safely overwinter in the open air, and hybrid plum blossoms have successfully overwintered in the open air in Beijing. Plum blossoms like a warm and slightly humid climate, slightly tolerant of shade and not afraid of cold. The soil is light soil and sandy soil, which is rich in humus and easy to grow on medium clay loam. Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for plum blossoms since ancient times. Song Dynasty poet Lu You's poem "Flowers in Yongmei" said: "I went to the west of the city and got drunk for plum blossoms. Twenty Li Xiang, Qingyang Palace to Huanhuaxi ".
Plum originated in China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum. China wild plum has four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, southern Jiangxi mountainous areas and Fujian and Taipei areas. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it is forbidden to rain during flowering.
2. How to Draw an Ancient Plum Blossom Poem The newly selected ancient poem Plum Blossom was written by Wang Anshi, a famous politician and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are only 20 words in the whole poem, but it describes the characteristics of plum blossom in a corner, which is cold, clean as snow and fragrant as Qingyuan. Praise plum blossom's aloof, noble, stubborn and loyal character. This poem is full of the author's feelings and hidden symbolic sustenance, deliberately living in a remote place, which is Yongmei's masterpiece.
On Poetry
The first sentence, "There are some plums in the corner". The "horn" points out the open position of plum blossom-seclusion. "Count a few branches" means few words, indicating that you are alone. Being so lonely can't help but make people feel pity.
The second sentence, "cold ling drives alone." Yongmei's works are many, but Yongmei only focuses on plum blossoms, and there is nothing lofty in both image and artistic conception. The sentence "cold ling" reflects the author's subjective feelings. Cold ling, braving the cold, is really the crowning touch of the whole poem. Plum blossoms bloom in the cold, which is a natural law, and the word "ling" gives it a strong emotional color-standing proudly in the cold, strong and unyielding, can not help but make people feel awe. Not only that, the poet also uses "independence" to modify "opening", which makes people feel that plum blossoms are full of air and pride. Such "pride" cannot but make people respect.
The third sentence, "Far knowledge is not snow." Although it is not snow, it must have something to do with it. Compared with snow, plum blossoms are as clean as snow, so beautiful and noble that snow can't compare them.
The fourth sentence, "Come for Dimfragrance". "Dark fragrance", fragrance. A faint fragrance wafted from a distance. In connection with the third sentence, we can see that the author used inverted sentences in the third and fourth sentences, which not only emphasized the characteristics of plum blossom as clean as snow, but also highlighted its "fragrance attacking people". Throughout the poem, although the words are beautiful and plain, they are subtle and profound. Combined with the poet's situation at that time (the implementation of the reform was blocked by conservative forces and failed) and personality, it is not difficult to understand that the author praised the independence, whiteness and fragrance of plum blossom cold ling, in fact, it showed his unyielding attitude of leading a clean life in adversity.
Teaching design
Description: The poem Plum Blossom is clear and poetic, and students can basically say it with reference notes, so teachers can focus on inspiring students to understand the author's state of mind.
First, the teaching requirements:
1. Understand the content of poetry and express it in your own words.
2. Experience the author's indomitable state of mind by praising the independent character of plum blossom cold ling.
3. Read and write ancient poems silently.
Second, the key points and difficulties:
Teaching focus:1; Teaching difficulty: requirement 2.
Third, the main teaching steps:
1. Read the poem for the first time and understand the main content. After reading the questions, introduce the author and check the students' mastery of the word "Ling". (2) Instruct several students with poor reading ability to read poems first, and then students read poems by themselves and think about the characteristics of plum blossoms written by the author.
2. Read the poem carefully and understand it. The first sentence and the second sentence. First, let the students refer to their notes and try to talk about the meaning of two poems. Pay attention to inspire students to learn ancient poetry in the past. After understanding each word, add some appropriate words, then adjust the order and connect the meanings. (2) refer to several students with poor language skills, and then help them correct them until they express themselves clearly and accurately. (3) Enlighten students to know the solitary feature of plum blossom from "horn" and "several branches"; From "Cold Ling" and "Dugu", I realized the characteristics of plum blossom's "arrogant posture". 4 reading experience. On the basis of full self-reading, guide students to read aloud with emotion, and then read it again to gain a deeper understanding. The third and fourth sentences. (1) Try to talk about poems with reference to notes, and then discuss and revise them collectively. When understanding these two poems, we should pay special attention to inspiring students to imagine that plum blossoms are as white as snow. Although they are not snow, they are as white as snow. Read poems softly and freely, and experience the characteristics of plum blossom, such as "clean color" and "fragrance". 3 emotional inspiration, reading experience.
Read this poem again and feel the author's mood. Connect the meanings of the whole poem. (2) Talk about the characteristics of writing plum blossoms in this poem and analyze what words can be learned from it. 3 stimulate imagination and experience artistic conception. Please imagine and experience carefully: what kind of picture does this poem depict? What does this picture give people? Think about it and say it in your own words. (4) Read the poem again and think about it while reading it. From the words "cold ling", I realize that the author is ostensibly praising plum blossom cold ling, but what mood is he actually expressing? It should be noted that the poet's mood is difficult to understand. As long as you have some experience, you don't need to delve into it. ⑤ Read the poem aloud and feel the author's feelings while reading.
Homework: Finish the exercises after class.
Blackboard writing:
Plum blossom pine Wang Anshi
A few plums in the corner, (lonely)
Ling cold drives alone. (Proud)
Knowing from a distance is not snow, (color is pure)
Because of the faint fragrance. (You Xiang)
Expressed the mentality of "indomitable, not afraid of setbacks".
3. The poem Plum Blossom
In the corner, there are many plums, and Ling cold opens them alone.
I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.
Chinese plum
At first, there was snow in the calyx, so it was difficult to draw a picture alone.
There is rhyme in the fragrance, which is extremely cold.
Come to listen to the flute sorrow, but lean on the disease.
If the wind blows, it is easy to destroy.
Bai mei
This body is in a forest of ice and snow, different from peaches and plums.
Suddenly, the fragrance of the night was scattered like a dry spring in Wan Li.
cold night
On a cold night in Du Lei, guests come to tea for wine, and the bamboo stove soup boils, and the fire is red.
As usual, the plum blossoms under the window and the moon are different.
Operator Yongmei.
Outside the bridge, the plum blossoms are lonely, no matter what. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, already exhausted, but also subject to wind and rain.
Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual.
The last song is, which means: the bridge outside the post station is broken, and the plum blossoms are lonely and no one asks. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, enough to worry about the suffering of ambition, but it has been destroyed by wind and rain. Plum blossoms don't want to try their best to compete for favor, and they don't care about the jealousy and rejection of flowers. Even if it withers, grinds into mud and turns to dust, plum blossoms still exude a faint fragrance as always.
4. "The Complete Poems of Yongmei" Yongmei Wang Anshi
There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.
I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.
Plum, early plum.
East wind and west wind, leaves are empty in the middle of Gunmushan.
Only plum blossoms can't be blown out, and they are still new and white.
Su Shi in Hongmei
Every year, the fragrant letter bears red berries, and the river hangs down to open.
Take care of your feelings and send spring directly to your roots.
"Early Plum" Liu Zongyuan
Early plum trees reflect Chu Tianbi.
The north wind is floating in Ye Xiang, and the frost is white.
I want to fold it and send it thousands of miles away, but there is no way to answer the question.
Seeing that the cold winter is about to wither, what can be used to comfort the thoughts of distant friends?
Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden Lin Bu
Flowers withered, unique plum blossoms swept out against the wind, and the scenery of the small park was beautiful.
"Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk."
Frost birds want to see first, and pink butterflies like to know each other.
Fortunately, there are micro songs to talk about, and you don't need to be good at sharing golden urn.
Jiang, Plum Blossom
There was a plum tree in front of Bai Yutang, and now it has several flowers.
Several doors are closed, how can Chunguang come in?
Xue Mei Lu Meipo
For the sake of spring, Xue Mei refused to surrender, and the poet put down his manuscript fee to comment on this chapter.
The snow in Mei Xu Xun is three points white, but the snow has lost a piece of Mei Xiang.
Xue Mei (2) Lu Meipo
Plum without snow without spirit, snow without poetry.
The sunset poem is full of snow all day, and Mei is ten springs.
5. Poems about plum blossoms were given to Ye Fan, the post messenger of the Song Dynasty, and to the leader.
There is no better gift in Jiangnan, and flowers will send spring. Don and Xiaomei are in the garden on the mountain and stagger down to the small garden.
"Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk." Cold birds want to fly, first glimpse plum blossoms; Butterflies will be enchanting if they know the beauty of plum blossoms.
Fortunately, there are micro songs to talk about, and you don't need to be good at sharing golden urn. Wang Mei Anshi counted several plums in the corner, and hanling opened them alone.
It is not enough to know the snow from a distance, because it has a faint fragrance. Playing chess with Xue Zhaoming and betting on plum blossom poems lost a poem by Wang Anshi of Fahua, "Looking for Spring and Seeing Plum Blossoms", and there was a pile of snow on the road.
Fengcheng Nanmo remembers its year, and it is difficult to come with the post. Yimei, Li Shangyin, settled in Tianya, and she didn't want to let things happen.
Cold plum is the most hateful. It looks like last year's flowers. 1 1 Go to Fufeng in the middle of the month to see plum blossoms, Li Shangyin, graceful and untimely.
Chang 'e is accompanied by moonlight, looking indifferent; Blue jade girl is colder than frost. Empty hands full of plum blossoms, but I don't know where to send them; And plum blossom's sad parting happened to meet me, heartbroken.
Who is the morning show for? Don't wait to be the last word of Fang Meihua (one of them). Lu You heard that the plum blossom is cool and the snow drifts all over the four mountains. How can it be converted into hundreds of billions, one plum blossom and one tree fragrance?
Plum blossom quatrains (2) The valley is all north, and flowers bloom late every year. Do you know it's time to be covered with snow and ice?
Plum blossom quatrains (the third) The more awe-inspiring the snow is, the stronger the integrity between flowers is. Outdated will drift away, and shame will pity Dong Jun even more.
Mei Chu, thank you for welcoming the Spring, so I get up early and I am not afraid of the cold. I am afraid that after falling into the flowers, no one will look at it.
Du Fu's plum blossom in Jiangmeitang is broken before, and there are many plum blossoms after the year. I never know that spring is good, what is the most annoying thing? The snow trees are the same color, and the river wind is its own school.
I can't see my hometown, and the witch is gloomy and rugged. At the beginning of Mei Tang, ten thousand trees in Miracle were frozen to break, and the solitary roots were warm and lonely.
Snow covered the village. Last night, flowers were in full bloom in the snow. The breeze is blowing towards Mei, so it has no emotional appeal. Avon's clean posture makes the birds jumpy.
If you obey the law next year, it will first be reflected in Chuntai. Wei Zashi came from the old country. Tell me what happened there! .
Leaning against the window and opening the first cold flower tomorrow? ? Wei has seen the cold plum hair and heard the birds singing. Looking forward to spring grass, I am afraid of jade steps.
Don Li Shangyin settled in Tianya, and he didn't want things to happen. Cold plum is the most hateful. It looks like last year's flowers.
On the river, Mei Shi suddenly saw the cold plum tree and the blooming flowers on the Han River. I don't know if spring is early, but I suspect it's playing with pearls.
Tang Yuxi, sent by Ding Meiyong, often suffers from colds in early flowers, and his condition is complicated and miserable. What happened to you in spring? Yao Tao will smile, prostitutes will look back! When I asked Jinding, I knew it tasted bad.
It is difficult to draw a single plum blossom with snow in the early days of Tang Cui Daorong. There is rhyme in the fragrance, which is extremely cold.
Flute worries, oblique skill depends on disease. Against the wind, if solved, it is easy to destroy.
Plum blossom Tang Yuxin feels plum blossom fragrance in the twelfth lunar month. I don't believe that this year's Spring Festival Evening, everyone will come to see it.
The tree hangs on the ice, and the branches are cold. If I had known I couldn't find it, I really regretted the clothes list.
Looking for Plum Blossoms in the Snow Tang Xiaogang was absolutely surprised by the late arrival of Plum Blossoms. He tried to peep in the snow. The lower branches are visible, but the higher branches are hard to know.
Everyone is embarrassed to show their wrists and make way for each other. You must also learn two or three skills by cutting and confusing.
Plum Blossom Tang Jiang Han Wei Bai Yutang has a plum tree, and now it has several flowers. Several doors are closed, how can Chunguang come in? Plum blossom beam is thin, with small calyx and pearl color.
When a flower blooms, a hundred flowers bloom and the garden is full of spring. If you want to spread the message of spring, you are not afraid of snow burial.
The Jade Emperor took a break in the third lane, preaching the loneliness of pine trees. Answer time 2008-04-26 14: 10. Momei Wang Mian, a tree near the West Wild Goose Lake, has a faint ink mark. Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.
The early plum tree is called the cold plum white jade belt, which goes back to Lincun Road and Liuqiao. I don't know if I started spraying water recently, but I suspect it didn't sell after the winter snow.
Mo Mei lives in bamboo slips and doesn't hate the waste painters of Danqing, so she doesn't need to be different but consistent. Jade capacity is not as good as western Western jackdaw color, so it is different from Han Palace.
The newly blooming plum blossoms have long been frozen, and the lonely roots are warm and lonely. In front of the village in Zita Law, a branch was opened last night.
Shuibian Village, a secluded valley on the side of Zhanggang Mountain in Momei, used to be full of flowers. I still hate Dongfeng, but I hate it even more.
Plum blossoms first bloom, Li Dongfeng is westerly, and leaves are empty in the mountains. Only plum blossoms can't be blown out, and they are still new and white.
Mo Mei, a painter in Zhao Bingwen, doesn't make powder and fat noodles, but she is afraid that others will think I am straight. We didn't know each other when we met. Xia Fu never cut a jade man.
Yimei, Li Shangyin, settled in Tianya, and she didn't want to let things happen. Samuume is the most offensive thing, because the old one is regarded as the flower that opened last year.
In the snow forest in Wang Mian, Bai Mei, this body is mixed with peaches and plums. It was fragrant all night at once, and it was scattered as dry goods. Wan is not invaded by dust at all, and the bamboo fence is complacent.
Just because I misunderstood Lin Hejing, I let the poet say this sentence. Playing chess with Xue Zhaoming and betting on plum blossom poems lost a poem by Wang Anshi of Fahua, "Looking for Spring and Seeing Plum Blossoms", and there was a pile of snow on the road.
Fengcheng Nanmo remembers its year, and it is difficult to come with the post. In front of Mei Gong's sex, only plum blossoms are lonely.
The bright moon is like water every day, and the wine wakes up to listen to Yu Di.