He formulated a whole set of superstructure to maintain slavery. This is what later generations called "Zhou Li". According to Zuo Zhuan, Jin Guo Han invited Lu to hire him, "studying is a surname. See Lu's "Rites" and "Spring and Autumn Annals":' The rites of the week are all in Lu. I know the virtue of Duke Zhou, and I also know the reason why Zhou is king. "(Zhao Gong two years later, Lu was the vassal state with the highest culture at that time. Han Qi was a famous aristocratic politician of slave owners at that time. Tai Shigong is a historian of Lu. Han came to him to read a book, and saw the hexagrams in Zhouyi and the History of Lu State and the Spring and Autumn Annals. Zhouyi is a divination book, but its divination also summarizes people's understanding of nature at that time. "Calligraphy" in Spring and Autumn Annals embodies some slave society systems. It can be said that these two books were masterpieces about nature and society at that time. Han Qi attached great importance to these two books and used them to represent all the gifts. Han Qi said admiringly: Seeing this, he learned more about Zhou Gongdan's contribution to the rule of the Zhou Dynasty and the reasons why the rule system of the Zhou Dynasty was consolidated.
How should we evaluate Zhou Gongdan's Li? This should be analyzed historically, depending on the stage of the development of slave society at that time, whether it was rising or falling. Historians have not solved this problem yet. It can be concluded that it is not in the decline stage as in the Spring and Autumn Period. Then it makes a concrete analysis of its content. One of its contents is to establish a country by enfeoffment. It was progressive at that time.
As mentioned earlier, Zhou Wang of Shang Dynasty conquered the eastern tribes, and his victory promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between the Central Plains and the southeast region, which objectively played a positive role in the reunification of the Chinese nation. The Zhou Dynasty replaced the Shang Dynasty and inherited this undertaking.
Previous historians have also recorded the opposition between tribes in the southeast and the Central Plains in ancient times. "The Book of Later Han Dynasty" said: "Xia Houshi lost his virtue in Taikang. Later generations have been serving Wang Hua since Shao Kang. He invited guests to the king's door to show his music and dance. Jay is tyrannical, and all foreigners invade him. The Yintang Revolution was decided by cutting it. As for Zhong Ding, Lan Yi is the enemy. Naturally, it has existed for more than 300 years. Wuyi declined and Dongyi was flooded, so it moved to Huaidai and gradually moved to Middle Earth. The king of Wu destroyed Zhou and came to offer a stone arrow. Cai is in charge to attract Yi Di. Duke Zhou levied it and decided to go to Dongyi. " According to the records here, when the Central Plains was strong, the tribes in the southeast obeyed the Central Plains. When the Central Plains declined, they opposed the Central Plains. The so-called surrender is just a tribute to "offering its arrow" and so on. Did Shang Zhouwang's victory over Dongyi change this situation? If so, how did it change? Without historical data, it is impossible to be sure. Zhou Gongdan formulated a set of measures to promote reunification, that is, enfeoffment and founding the country. After defeating the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed their sons and daughters heroes in various places and called them in Fang Jianguo. This means that many military and political strongholds, that is, economic and cultural strongholds, have been established in various places. These strongholds expand links and become noodles. This will promote the economy and culture of the Central Plains to a comprehensive level.
For example, the Zhou nationality was originally in the west, and it was called Xitu and Dongtu at that time. King Wu and Zhou Gongdan's two expeditions to the East wiped out the Shang Dynasty and its remnants. It occupied the Central Plains and inherited its culture. King Tai Gong was sealed, and Lu and Qi were established in the East. In this way, the Zhou Dynasty extended its military, political, economic and cultural influence in the Central Plains to the East China Sea. This unified the western soil and the eastern soil.
Liu Zongyuan's "On Feudalism" said: "It's far from enough for Fu Yaoshun Yutang. Thorough and detailed. There is a world around, and the soil field is divided into five grades. After the state group, the stars were surrounded and transported all over the world, and they merged into a pilgrimage and separated from the guarding city. " ("Liuhe Dongji" Volume III) Liu Zongyuan is talking about the early days of the enfeoffment system. He also believes that the early feudal system played a role in promoting the reunification of the Chinese nation. Compared with the past, the enfeoffment system greatly promoted China's national reunification.
With the development of history, the situation has changed, and the reform of enfeoffment system has become an obstacle to the reunification of the Chinese nation. This requires the county system of the Qin Dynasty to remove this obstacle. It is reactionary to advocate the maintenance and restoration of the enfeoffment system until the reunification of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, the enfeoffment system was implemented, which was progressive. With the change of historical conditions, what was originally innovative and progressive has been transformed into something retro and retrogressive. This is dialectics, and this is how history develops dialectically.
Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the concept of "China" has gradually formed in people's minds. The Book of Songs says: "If you benefit from this China, you will benefit all sides." (Chapter "Elegance, Life and People's Labor") China is open to all parties. It also gradually formed the concept of "Huaxia". "Zuo Zhuan" said: "The descendants of the Chinese people don't seek summer, and foreigners don't mess with China", and (Zuo Zhuan established the public for ten years) China became a wasteland. The Chinese nation is formed with the Central Plains culture as the center and the unity of all ethnic groups in different periods. In this way, the consciousness of the Chinese nation is still a great force to unite all ethnic groups in China. Our socialist motherland is still called People's Republic of China (PRC). This country name illustrates this point.
Can Qin Dynasty-style unification be implemented in the early years of Western Zhou Dynasty? That's impossible. This, Liu Zongyuan also see very clearly. His "feudalism" said: "If the husband is sincere and does not change, he has to do it. Cover with three thousand princes to Yin, the capital to spend summer, soup can not be abandoned. Those who return to Zhou are 800 yuan, and the capital wins Yin. It is not easy for the prince of Wu to think that it is safe and vulgar. Tang and Wu have no choice but to do so. " ("Liuhe Dongji" Volume III) That is to say, the crusade of the King of Wu united the forces of many nationalities or tribes at that time and overthrew the rule of Shang Dynasty. After success, we have to admit the existence of these ethnic groups or tribes. Then we will give them titles, so that they will nominally become vassals under the rule of the Zhou Dynasty. This is what Liu Zongyuan said: "feudalism is not a saint, but also a trend." At the same time, sand was added to these original vassal States, and the children and heroes of the Zhou Dynasty were enfeoffed, and strongholds were established in various places to strengthen the military, political, economic and cultural forces of the Zhou Dynasty. This is in line with the actual situation and historical trend at that time. The unification of Qin dynasty was realized after almost a thousand years' evolution in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.