Freud made great contributions to psychology. He emphasized that the unconscious thinking process in human behavior is extremely important. He proved how this process affects the content of dreams and leads to common misfortunes, such as slip of the tongue, forgetting people's names, accidents leading to injuries and even diseases. Freud invented psychoanalysis to treat mental illness. He systematically expounded the theory of human personality structure and developed and popularized some psychological theories. He is an extremely great figure in the history of human thought. His psychological views have completely shaken our concept of human thought.
Freud's first book about dreams was The Interpretation of Dreams, which was completed in 1899. This book contains Freud's way of interpreting dreams. Although some of Freud's theories are unacceptable, his dream interpretation works are a treasure house of knowledge that we are all learning now and are regarded as a treasure house for studying the dream world. Even those who deviate from this road and find another way are in awe of his works.
Freud believed that personality can be divided into id, ego and superego. Id is the most primitive, fuzzy and difficult part of personality, which is composed of all innate instinctive impulses. It is a place where psychological energy is stored, and it acts according to the principle of happiness. The ego is a realistic instinct, and it is a part of the differentiation from the ego under the repeated lessons of reality. Superego, also known as ideal self and self-model, is a part developed from self, a moralized self and a part differentiated from self for self-criticism and moral control. It is considered as the last form of personality and the most civilized part. It is the representative of all moral standards, and its main function is to supervise self-action according to social moral standards.
The essence of dreams is "the satisfaction of wishes". Although the desire is suppressed in the unconscious (subconscious), it is still moving unconsciously, seeking satisfaction, which cannot be satisfied, because there is an inspector at the door of consciousness-the inspection function of superego; However, when people sleep, due to the lax inspection function, the desire in the unconscious (subconscious) can bypass the superego and take the opportunity to break into the consciousness in the form of makeup (that is, camouflage) and become a dream. So it is the content of dreams, not the true nature of desires. It needs analysis and explanation to find the real root cause.
Freud coined two terms-"obvious dream" and "hidden meaning". The so-called manifestation of dreams, similar to masks, is "what dreams tell" and "what dreams show". The so-called hidden meaning is the desire covered by the mask, the hidden thing that we can only achieve through conceptual analysis, and the hidden dream thought. Dreaming is like making up a riddle, showing dreams is the content of the riddle, that is, the riddle, and the hidden meaning is the answer. In this way, Freud divided dreams into two parts-explicit dreams and implicit dreams.
How did Freud interpret dreams?
The first is "sex". As far as the development of sex is concerned, Freud believes that the ID is at work. Because sex is one of the strongest pleasures of human beings, Freud put forward the theory that sex is the most important driving force of human beings in most specific circumstances. Freud did not limit sex to the experience of genitals, but included everything that produced fun in this all-encompassing view of sexual desire. The basis of measuring all experiences and emotional interactions is to see whether they can push us close to or away from satisfying our pleasure needs.
Secondly, "lies" Freud always said that ego and superego are the most dishonest, and only the ID is honest, but it is suppressed by the former two. Id and superego often conflict, and ego becomes peacemaker. Therefore, people with strong ego are often considered as people who "abide by the golden mean". The healthiest person can combine ID, ego and superego perfectly, so that any one of them can live in harmony with the other two and share happiness. The most unhealthy person can't combine the three harmoniously, so none of ID, ego and superego can get along with the other two and have fun. This is the root of the importance of "lies". One aspect of personality that needs compensation most often tries to manipulate the other two aspects in the sleep state, and subconsciously achieves the goal that cannot be achieved in the awake state.
Finally, the "video tape". Freud always liked to compare the brain to a sponge to some extent. He believes that the earliest childhood experiences are recorded by the brain and kept in memory in order to explain the events in later life. In Freud's view, a dream is an adaptation of a childhood scene, which then evolves into an adult experience.
Freud thought dreams were a bit like riddles and puzzles. In order to understand dreams, Freud encouraged the use of free association between the image and consciousness of dreams. In this way, he hopes to capture all kinds of subtle meanings and conflicts that have been projected into the subconscious world, so as to analyze dreams.