Category: Society and people’s livelihood>> Religion
Problem description:
For example, places for morning classes, places for martial arts training, etc.
Analysis :
Shape and layout There are two forms of plane combination layout of Taoist temple buildings. One is a traditional architectural technique that progresses forward and backward according to the central axis and is balanced and symmetrical on the left and right; the other is to determine the main building location according to the directions of the Five Elements and Bagua, and then radiate around the Bagua directions to develop a mysterious architectural technique. The former type of balanced and symmetrical architecture is represented by Shangqing Palace, the ancestral palace of the Zhengyi sect of Taoism, and Baiyun Temple, the ancestral palace of the Quanzhen sect. Within the mountain gate, there is the main hall on the front, Lingguan Hall and Wenchang Hall on both sides. Along the central axis, there are the Jade Emperor Hall or the Sanqing and Siyu Halls of varying sizes.
Generally, there is a blessing place for immortals in the northwest corner. Some temples also make full use of the characteristics of the terrain to create an effect of being low in front and high in back, highlighting the majesty of the main hall. Ancillary buildings such as dining halls and buildings are arranged on both sides or at the rear of the axis.
The second type of Five Elements and Bagua style architecture can be represented by the Danding School architecture in Sanqingshan, Jiangxi Province. The eight major Taoist buildings in Sanqing Mountain are the Lei Temple, Tianyi Pool, Dragon and Tiger Temple, Hanxing Pool, Wang You Tomb, Zhan Biyun Tomb, Yanjiao Hall, and Feixiantai. They are all surrounded by the Dan Well and Dan Furnace in the middle, and the surrounding areas are arranged one by one according to the Bagua directions. Corresponding arrangement. Its north-south central axis is particularly long, and all other buildings are spread out at both ends of this central axis, forming a strict architectural system. This is an architectural reflection of the idea of ??the Taoist inner alchemy school that the small universe of the human body corresponds to the natural macrocosm, and the simultaneous and coordinated practice of "jing, qi, and shen".
Taoist temples built in scenic spots, except for the buildings of the worship system that are relatively rigid to comply with religious needs, most of them make use of the strange topography to skillfully construct buildings, pavilions, pavilions, pavilions, towers, and squares. , verandahs and other buildings, forming a garden system dominated by natural landscapes, equipped with murals, sculptures, inscriptions, poems and inscriptions for people to enjoy.
These buildings fully embody the Taoist idea of ??"the king follows the earth, the earth follows the sky, the heaven follows the Tao, and the Tao follows nature". They are either covered with forests, or with mountains to strengthen their momentum, or with water. Show off its appearance and form a unique style that combines natural landscape and architecture. Decoration The decoration of Taoist buildings clearly reflects the Taoist pursuit of good fortune, longevity and immortality. For example, depicting the sun, moon, nebulae, mountains, rivers and rocks symbolizes brightness, solidity and eternal life; using fans, fish, daffodils, bats and deer as representations of goodness, (rich) wealth, immortality, blessing and fortune; using pine and cypress, ganoderma, turtles and cranes. , bamboo, lion, unicorn and dragon and phoenix respectively symbolize friendship, longevity, gentleman, warding off evil and auspiciousness. In addition, the characters such as Fu, Lu, Shou, Xi, Ji, Tian, ??Feng, Le, etc. are used to directly change its shape, and are used on window lattice, door leaf, skirt board, eaves, Shu pillars, diagonal braces, sparrows, beams and other building components. Its influence on folk traditional culture is profound. Another example is the Eight Treasures Picture and the Picture of Good Luck and Longevity. These patterns derived from Taoist thoughts and fairy tales have gone far beyond the scope of Taoism and have penetrated into various building components and daily utensils in thousands of households. As for the Eight Immortals and the Taoist stories and patterns of the Eight Immortals celebrating their birthdays, they are even more well-known.