Planting grafted seedlings of Pinus koraiensis directly in afforestation area is the most effective way to establish high-yield seed forest and seed orchard of Pinus koraiensis. In recent years, with the increasing prosperity of Korean pine seed market and the sustained and stable improvement of economic benefits, many Korean pine forest units and forest farmers in our city have benefited from it and achieved considerable economic benefits. Some people have created many seed forests or seed orchards of Korean pine by cultivating grafted seedlings. In order to make grafted seedlings of Korean pine bear fruit as soon as possible, improve seed yield and bring more functional benefits into play, it is very important to do a good job in the management of grafted seedlings of Korean pine after planting. After years of successful practice, I summarized the management techniques of grafted seedlings of Korean pine as follows for your reference in practical application.
First, the planting method of grafted seedlings
There are generally three ways to plant Korean pine grafted seedlings: one is to graft on Korean pine rootstock seedlings cultivated in nursery, and plant bare roots of grafted seedlings on the mountain one year later; Step 2, planting 4-5-year-old rootstock seedlings on afforestation land according to different plant spacing such as 3 × 3m, 4 × 4m or 3 × 5m, and performing in-situ grafting and nailing; Step 3: Graft, transplant and plant the cultivated nutritious cup seedlings. The first two methods are commonly used, with low cost and simple method.
Second, tree management
1. Untie the plastic belt. The grafting part of scion and rootstock is bound with plastic strips. Untangling in time after survival is beneficial to the growth of grafted seedlings. When grafting in the nursery, it is advisable not to untie the plastic strips in the year of grafting, and then untie them after planting in the mountains the next year; In-situ grafting, it is best to untie the strips in May of the second year after grafting, and for grafting with completely healed incision and good scion growth, the strips can also be untied in July. Generally, most of the incisions in the year of grafting are not well healed, which is easily affected by human and livestock or natural disasters, leading to scions breaking and splitting, which reduces the survival rate. Therefore, timely unbinding is beneficial to the survival and growth of grafted seedlings.
2. Tree pruning. Mastering the correct pruning method has great influence on the survival and growth of grafted seedlings. Grafted seedlings need to be managed continuously for 5-7 years after planting, that is, pruning and shaping once every February-March, and cutting off the top of the lateral branches of the rootstock that affect the growth of the scion to ensure that the growth of the scion is always in the main branch position. In a few years after planting, the growth of scion height is less than that of rootstock lateral branches, and the main branch position of scion is easily replaced by rootstock lateral branches. Therefore, in the pruning process, only the main branch of the lateral branch of the rootstock was cut off in previous years to control its high growth and keep other vegetative branches. With the determination of scion theme and the formation of new multi-layer vegetative branches, the lateral branches of rootstock are gradually cut off. When the grafted scion forms a complete young tree, the pruning of the tree is over.
In order to ensure the survival rate of grafted seedlings after planting, grafted seedlings should be replanted for holes in time; If the scion is dead and the rootstock is alive, it is necessary to untie the plastic strips tied to the rootstock in time. At the same time, when pruning, don't blindly cut off the main branches of the rootstock, adopt the method of supplementary grafting and try to graft on the main shoots of the rootstock to facilitate survival.
In order to improve the fruit yield of trees, when the height of grafted seedlings reaches more than 8 meters, the main branches are cut from the third layer on the crown, and 3-5 strong and evenly distributed lateral branches are left on the fourth layer as multi-headed main branches in the future, and all the other lateral branches are cut off. Using this pruning technique, the seed yield can be increased by more than 50%, and higher economic benefits can be obtained.
Third, ground management.
1, young forest tending. Mowing and tending are carried out from June to July every year, weeds and shrubs are cut off and placed among trees, and the height of stubble is not more than 8 cm. According to the stand status and economic conditions, comprehensive tending, belt tending or hole tending can be adopted, and the tending period can be determined.
2. Weeding and loosening the soil. In order to preserve water and fertilizer, promote the growth of grafted seedlings and facilitate management, strip or hole-like weeding and loosening soil can be used when conditions permit. Banded scarification is to build horizontal steps along the contour line in Hengshan Mountain, with a bandwidth of1.0-2.0m; Cave-shaped scarification is an enlarged horizontal tree disk under the mother tree, and its length and width are 1- 1.5m respectively.
Fourth, pest control.
The main pest of young Korean pine trees is pine aphid. Spraying 40% omethoate EC 800- 1000 times from June to July has a good control effect. The main disease is Pinus koraiensis bark beetle, and zineb or mancozeb 300-500 times solution has good control effect in May and June.
V. Management and protection of young forests
After transplanting grafted seedlings of Korean pine, there should be a special person in charge to implement key management and protection. It is forbidden for people and animals to enter and harm the mother tree, dig the mother tree privately, and set up fire exits to prevent fire. ......& gt& gt
Question 2: Can pine nuts be planted? How to plant it? Of course.
Propagation techniques of pine trees;
Selection of nursery land
Nursery land should be sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer, and the land with flat terrain and good irrigation and drainage conditions is better. There are mycorrhizal fungi in the root system of Pinus bungeana, which has a good effect on promoting the growth of seedlings, that is, it can promote the root system of seedlings to absorb water and nutrients in the soil and improve the drought and disease resistance of seedlings. Therefore, Pinus bungeana nursery is suitable for continuous cropping.
Sand storage and accelerated germination of seeds
Indoor sofa buds are used in winter. Accelerating germination in sand storage should be carried out before soil freezing. Choose a clean house with intact doors and windows for comprehensive disinfection, pile up sterilized pure sand with humidity of about 60% indoors, pack seeds and sand with pure cloth bags at the ratio of 1: 3, so that the volume of sand and seeds accounts for 30% ~ 40% of the total volume of the cloth bags, then bury the cloth bags into the sand evenly, cover the sand piles with grass curtains, and pay attention to ventilation, moisture preservation and antifreeze. Sowing can be done when there are 40% ~ 50% cracks in the second year.
The seedling raising method is container seedling raising or high-low bed seedling raising. Seedbed seedling is raised by drilling, with sowing amount of 40-50kg per mu, covered with plastic film or straw, and the covered straw should be disinfected with formalin or carbendazim solution with concentration of 65438 0%.
Seedling management
25 ~ 30 days after sowing, the seedlings are unearthed with shells, and the shells fall off on their own in about 15 days. In this period, it is necessary to prevent the destruction of birds and animals. The prevention of damping-off disease should be strengthened after the seed shell falls off, and the seedlings should be sprayed alternately with carbendazim and ferrous sulfate 2 ~ 3 times a week. Use 0.3% ~ 0.5% ferrous sulfate aqueous solution, one person in front sprays the medicine, and the other person washes it with water, otherwise it will easily cause phytotoxicity. In the process of seedling growth, water should be properly and timely, and attention should be paid to loosening the soil and weeding.
Question 3: How to plant pine nuts? Pine nuts are grown from pine nuts of red pine trees.
First, the planting method of grafted seedlings
There are generally three ways to plant Korean pine grafted seedlings: one is to graft on Korean pine rootstock seedlings cultivated in nursery, and plant bare roots of grafted seedlings on the mountain one year later; Step 2, 4-5-year-old rootstock seedlings are planted on the afforestation land according to different plant spacing, such as 3 × 3m, 4 × 4m or 3 × 5m, and in-situ grafting is carried out; Thirdly, grafting the cultivated nutrient cup seedlings, transplanting and planting. The first two methods are commonly used, with low cost and simple method.
Second, tree management
1. Untie the plastic belt. The grafting part of scion and rootstock is bound with plastic strips. Untangling in time after survival is beneficial to the growth of grafted seedlings. When grafting in the nursery, it is advisable not to untie the plastic strips in the year of grafting, and then untie them after planting in the mountains the next year; In-situ grafting, it is best to untie the strips in May of the second year after grafting, and for grafting with completely healed incision and good scion growth, the strips can also be untied in July. Generally, most of the incisions in the year of grafting are not well healed, which is easily affected by human and livestock or natural disasters, leading to scions breaking and splitting, which reduces the survival rate. Therefore, timely unbinding is beneficial to the survival and growth of grafted seedlings.
2. Tree pruning. Mastering the correct pruning method has great influence on the survival and growth of grafted seedlings. Grafted seedlings need to be managed continuously for 5-7 years after planting, that is, pruning and shaping once every February-March, and cutting off the top of the lateral branches of the rootstock that affect the growth of the scion to ensure that the growth of the scion is always in the main branch position. In a few years after planting, the growth of scion height is less than that of rootstock lateral branches, and the main branch position of scion is easily replaced by rootstock lateral branches. Therefore, in the pruning process, only the main branch of the lateral branch of the rootstock was cut off in previous years to control its high growth and keep other vegetative branches. With the determination of scion theme and the formation of new multi-layer vegetative branches, the lateral branches of rootstock are gradually cut off. When the grafted scion forms a complete young tree, the pruning of the tree is over.
In order to ensure the survival rate of grafted seedlings after planting, grafted seedlings should be replanted for holes in time; If the scion is dead and the rootstock is alive, it is necessary to untie the plastic strips tied to the rootstock in time. At the same time, when pruning, don't blindly cut off the main branches of the rootstock, adopt the method of supplementary grafting and try to graft on the main shoots of the rootstock to facilitate survival.
In order to improve the fruit yield of trees, when the height of grafted seedlings reaches more than 8 meters, the main branches are cut from the third layer on the crown, and 3-5 strong and evenly distributed lateral branches are left on the fourth layer as multi-headed main branches in the future, and all the other lateral branches are cut off. Using this pruning technique, the seed yield can be increased by more than 50%, and higher economic benefits can be obtained.
Third, ground management.
1, young forest tending. Mowing and tending are carried out from June to July every year, weeds and shrubs are cut off and placed among trees, and the height of stubble is not more than 8 cm. According to the stand status and economic conditions, comprehensive tending, belt tending or hole tending can be adopted, and the tending period can be determined.
2. Weeding and loosening the soil. In order to preserve water and fertilizer, promote the growth of grafted seedlings and facilitate management, strip or hole-like weeding and loosening soil can be used when conditions permit. Banded scarification is to build horizontal steps along the contour line in Hengshan Mountain, with a bandwidth of1.0-2.0m; Cave-shaped scarification is an enlarged horizontal tree disk under the mother tree, and its length and width are 1- 1.5m respectively.
Fourth, pest control.
The main pest of young Korean pine trees is pine aphid. Spraying 40% omethoate EC 800- 1000 times from June to July has a good control effect. The main disease is Pinus koraiensis bark beetle, and zineb or mancozeb 300-500 times solution has good control effect in May and June.
V. Management and protection of young forests
After transplanting grafted seedlings of Korean pine, there should be a special person in charge to implement key management and protection. It is forbidden for people and animals to enter and harm the mother tree, dig the mother tree privately, and set up fire exits to prevent fire. If conditions permit, fences can be set up around the forest land.
Question 4: When and how to plant pine nuts? It is located in Changbai Mountain area in northeast China, Jilin Mountain area and palm forest area south of Aihui in Xiaoxing 'an Mountains, with an altitude of 150- 1800 meters and a warm and cold climate. [2] Distributed in China (Heilongjiang and Jilin), Japan (Honshu), Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Korea and Russian Federation (Amur, Khabarovsk and Primori).
Pine nuts are the seeds of pine trees. Pine nuts contain fat, protein and carbohydrates. Pine nuts are not only important traditional Chinese medicine, but also have high therapeutic value.
The newly collected Korean pine seeds were treated with variable temperature to accelerate germination. Korean pine seeds treated by this method are unearthed in 3-5 days after sowing, and all emerge in about 7 days, with an annual emergence rate of over 90%. First, prepare the seed treatment room to lay the floor, the floor is 30 cm high from the ground, and do a good job of heat preservation; The second is to prepare enough river sand, the volume of which is twice that of the treated seeds; The third is to prepare heating facilities; 4. The seed treatment room is fumigated with formaldehyde, and the river sand is disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate.
When more than 30% seeds crack, it is beneficial to accelerate germination and can be used for sowing. Sowing can be carried out in spring when the temperature of 5 cm underground reaches above 8 degrees. Sowing amount (calculated by dry seeds) is 200-250kg per mu. Sow seeds on the bed surface with a seeder, then flatten them so that the seeds are in close contact with the soil, then cover them with humus or sawdust twice as much as the seeds, and then flatten them. If the sawdust is covered, it must be watered.
Question 5: the method of sowing and propagation of pine nuts is the seed of pine trees such as Pinus koraiensis, Pinus bungeana and Pinus armandii. Pine nuts, also known as pine nuts, sea pine nuts, red pine cones, etc. In the Tang Dynasty's "Herbal Medicine of Sea Medicine", it was recorded that "sea pine seeds can warm the stomach, strengthen the body and prolong life if taken for a long time". In people's minds, pine nuts are regarded as "longevity fruit". Also known as "fresh fruit in nuts". The fat components in pine nuts are deeply loved by people and are most beneficial to the elderly. They are unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid, which have a good effect on softening blood vessels and are ideal foods for the middle-aged and elderly people to protect blood vessels. Pine nuts are rich in phosphorus and manganese, which is good for the brain and nerves. It is a good brain tonic for students and mental workers, and also has a good preventive effect on dementia in the elderly. Rich in oil, it has the function of relaxing bowels, has a good moisturizing and beautifying effect, and can delay aging. Regular consumption of pine nuts has the functions of strengthening the body, improving the body's disease resistance, promoting * * * and fattening. Chinese medicine believes that pine nuts have the effects of strengthening yang, tonifying bones, nourishing blood, caring skin, moistening lungs, relieving cough and relaxing bowels. The main planting area of Korean pine is from Changbai Mountain to Xiaoxing 'anling in the northeast. Pinus armandii is a unique variety in China, starting from Qinyuan in Shanxi in the north, reaching Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the south, starting from Henan in the east and reaching Gansu, Sichuan and Hunan in the west. Two-year-old seedlings are generally used as cultivation conditions. Before afforestation and planting in mountainous areas, soil preparation should be done in the form of holes or terraces, and planting should be done at the row spacing of 1.5× 1.5m or1.5× 2.0m. The initial planting density should be large, and mixed afforestation under forest canopy can be used. When Pinus koraiensis grows to the height of 1.0 ~ 1.5m, it should be propagated with seeds, and the seeds should germinate before sowing and then be raised. Two-year-old seedlings should be used for afforestation, and the middle and lower abdomen of hillside with deep soil layer and good drainage are suitable. Agricultural measures to control pine wood nematodes by pests and diseases: clearing forest land, cutting down and burning diseased trees and dead trees, and removing diseased plant residues are relatively reliable countermeasures. Especially in dangerous areas, it is feasible to suppress the spread of pathogens in this way. Burn and/or treatment must be carried out after cutting, otherwise it will become a new source of infection. Set up isolation belt to cut off the transmission route of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, so as to cut off the food supply of longicorn beetles, effectively control the spread of insect vectors and achieve the purpose of controlling Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Chemical control: (1) Killing Monochamus alternatus: Spraying chlorpyrifos emulsion (or oil) (400-600ml per square meter of tree surface) on the surface of damaged trees in late summer and early autumn (before 10) can completely kill Monochamus alternatus larvae under the bark; In winter and early spring, the larvae or pupae of longicorn beetles are located in the xylem of diseased trees, and the control effect of spraying chemicals is poor and unstable. When cutting damaged trees, the residual cutting roots should be low, and the cutting roots should be cut off at the same time, and the cutting branches should be burned centrally. Logs can be fumigated with methyl bromide or processed into thin slices (below 2 cm). Soaking logs in water for 100 days also has an insecticidal effect of more than 80%. These measures must be completed before the emergence of longicorn beetles. During the period of supplementary nutrition after emergence, 0.5% chlorpyrifos emulsion (2-3 kg per plant) can be sprayed to control longicorn beetles and protect healthy crown. (2) Prevention and treatment of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: A few weeks before the occurrence of nematodiasis, faubus, faubus, faubus and other systemic insecticides and nematicides were applied to the root soil of pine trees, or faubus was injected into the trunk to prevent the invasion and reproduction of nematodes. The nematicide in the trunk can effectively prevent the invasion of nematodes. Biological control: Beauveria bassiana is used to control insect vectors, and nematicidal fungi can also be used to control pine wood nematodes. Performance and efficacy are warm and sweet, and enter the liver, lung and large intestine meridians; Has the effects of nourishing yin, promoting fluid production, nourishing qi and blood, moistening dryness and smoothing intestines; It is mainly used for treating physical weakness, moistening skin, lung dryness, cough, thirst, constipation, dizziness, spontaneous sweating and palpitation. Nutritional analysis 1. Pine nuts are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which can reduce blood lipid and prevent cardiovascular diseases. 2. Pine nuts contain a lot of minerals, such as calcium, iron, phosphorus and potassium. It can provide rich nutrition for body tissues, strengthen bones and muscles, and eliminate fatigue, which is of great benefit to the health care of the elderly; 3. Vitamin E in pine nuts is as high as 30%, which has a good effect of softening blood vessels and delaying aging. It is an ideal health food for middle-aged and elderly people, and also an ideal food for moisturizing and beautifying women. 4. Pine nuts are rich in fat and oil, which can moisten the intestines, relax the bowels, stop diarrhea without harming healthy qi, and are harmful to the elderly ...
Question 6: How to plant pine nuts? Don't be afraid of the great power of nature, but you'd better sow after frosting. The hometown of this mature Korean pine is Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province, where the conditions are suitable for planting. If you are in the south, forget it. It will take you 30 to 50 years to grow up.
Question 7: How to sow pine nuts to improve germination rate? Simply put, there must be sunshine, air and water.
You can also sprout pine trees like bean sprouts.
It is best to choose in spring, summer and autumn.
① Take a utensil (of any size) and spread it with gauze (there is no napkin to replace it). Remember to make it thicker and wet it with water, not too much water, just wet it.
(2) Put the seeds on gauze, and then spread two layers of gauze (not thick) on the seeds.
③ Then wait. . After a few days, the seeds will break out of the shell. .
It's official,,,
The germination of all kinds of seeds generally has the lowest, optimum and highest temperature of three basis points. The temperature range required for seed germination of temperate plants is lower than that of tropical plants. For example, the three basic point temperatures of temperate origin wheat germination are: 0 ~ 5℃, 25 ~ 3 1℃, 31~ 37℃; The three basic points of tropical rice are 10 ~ 13℃, 25 ~ 35℃ and 38 ~ 40℃ respectively. There are also many plant seeds that germinate more easily during the day and at night than at constant temperature. For example, the germination rate of chaff seeds is 53% at 2 1℃ and only 72% at 28℃, but it can reach 95% when 28℃ and 2 1℃ alternate day and night. The temperature required for seed germination is often different due to other environmental conditions (such as water), and the optimum temperature for the growth of young roots and buds is also different.
Enough oxygen
After water absorption, the respiration of seeds is enhanced and the oxygen demand is increased. Generally, crop seeds can germinate normally only if the oxygen content in the surrounding air is above 10%. Also known as oily seeds, such as soybeans and peanuts, need more oxygen when they germinate. When the oxygen content in the air is less than 5%, most seeds cannot germinate. Excessive soil moisture or soil surface compaction will reduce soil porosity and poor ventilation, thus reducing the oxygen content of soil air and affecting seed germination.
Question 8: How do pine nuts grow seedlings? Pine seeds can cultivate pine seedlings, but the seeds have to be treated. After stratification in winter, sow when spring buds germinate! Yield 300 Jin of seeds per mu. Pine trees are cold-resistant and barren, and like acidic soil. It would be better if the soil has enough fertility. Choose sandy loam with short sunshine time, convenient water source, deep soil layer, fertile soil and good air permeability as seedbed. To make a high bed with a height of 25 cm and a width of 120 cm requires fine soil, flat bed surface and smooth channels. Sowing in February-May, sowing 3-5 kilograms per 667 square meters, and covering yellow soil 1.5-2.0 cm after sowing. Weeding and loosening the soil in time, properly thinning seedlings and spraying 0.5% Bordeaux solution 1 time every week to prevent diseases. Strengthen drainage before June, pay attention to irrigation in July and August, and stop fertilization and irrigation after September.
Question 9: Can pine nuts be planted in the field? How to plant it? When was it planted? Usually eat processed pine nuts, and you can't plant pine trees. Generally, pine trees are planted directly with saplings. It is best to buy pine cones directly for seeds.