1. Ground beam (DL): Ground beam is also called foundation beam and foundation beam, which is simply foundation beam. Generally used in frame structure and frame-shear structure, the frame column falls on the ground beam or the intersection of the ground beam. Its main function is to support the superstructure and transfer the load of the superstructure to the foundation.
2. Frame beam (KL): A frame beam refers to a beam whose two ends are connected to a frame column, or a beam whose two ends are connected to a shear wall but whose span-height ratio is not less than 5.
Frame beam can be divided into:
A. Roof frame beam (WKL): The roof frame beam refers to the frame beam at the highest part of the roof of the frame structure;
B. Floor frame beam (KL): Floor frame beam refers to the frame beam of each floor;
C. Underground frame beam (DKL): An underground frame beam refers to an underground beam which is set above the top surface of the foundation and below the building elevation of plus or minus zero (indoor floor), supported by frame columns, and is not affected by the foundation reaction, or the foundation reaction is only generated by the self-weight of the underground beam and its covering soil, and is not affected by the upper load.
3. Ring beam (QL): Ring beam is a continuous closed beam set around the external wall and part of the internal transverse wall of the building. Its purpose is to enhance the overall stiffness of the building and the stability of the wall. The continuous reinforced concrete beam on the upper part of the building foundation is called the foundation ring beam, also called the ground ring beam; In the upper part of the wall, the reinforced concrete beam close to the floor is called the upper ring beam. In masonry structures, there are two kinds of ring beams: reinforced brick ring beams and reinforced concrete ring beams.
4. Coupling beam (LL): In shear wall structure and frame-shear wall structure, wall limbs are connected with each other, and coupling beam refers to a beam whose two ends are connected with shear wall and the span-height ratio is less than 5. Connecting beams generally have the characteristics of small span, large cross-section and high rigidity of connecting walls. Generally, under the action of wind load and earthquake load, the internal force of coupling beam is often very large.
5. Hidden beam (AL): It is completely hidden in plate members or concrete wall members, and the arrangement of steel bars is very similar to that of single beam and frame beam members. Dark beams always work with slab or wall components. The hidden beam in the plate can improve the bending capacity of the plate, so it still has the general mechanical characteristics of the beam. The function of concealed beam in concrete wall is complex, and it is no longer a simple flexural member. On the one hand, it strengthens the connection structure between the wall and the roof, and on the other hand, it provides edge constraints for the laterally stressed wall. Strengthen the rigid connection between the wall and the roof.
6. BKL: When the frame beam extends into the shear wall area, it becomes an edge beam.
7. Frame-supported beam (KZL): Due to the functional requirements of the building, the upper vertical member cannot directly and continuously penetrate the ground, but is connected with the lower vertical member through the horizontal transfer structure. When transfer beams are arranged to support the upper shear wall, the transfer beams are called frame-supported beams, and the columns supporting the frame-supported beams are called frame columns.
8. Cantilever beam (XL): a beam that is unsupported at both ends, one end of which is buried or poured on the support, and the other end extends out to pick out the support. Usually made of reinforced concrete.
9. Cross-beam (JSL): Cross-beam is a beam with the same height and intersecting at the same position, regardless of the primary or secondary position. This kind of structural member is often used in halls with square floor or with an aspect ratio less than 1.5. The beam spacing is about 3m, and it is composed of mutually orthogonal or oblique beams in the same plane. Also known as cross beam or lattice beam.
10. Secondary beam: at the upper part of the main beam, it mainly plays the role of transmitting load.
1 1. Pulled beam: refers to the independent foundation, which is a beam set between the foundations.
12. Girder (GL): When there is a door or window opening on the wall, in order to support various loads from the masonry above the window opening and transfer these loads to the window wall, beams are often set on the door or window opening, which are called lintels.
13. Cantilever beam: one end of the beam is a fixed support that does not generate axial and vertical displacement and rotation, and the other end is a free end (which can generate parallel and vertical forces).
14. Platform beam: refers to the beam usually set at the joint of stairs and platforms to support the load from stairs and platforms.
15. Crown beam (GL): a reinforced concrete continuous beam arranged at the top of retaining structures (mostly piles and walls) around the foundation pit. Its first function is to connect all pile foundations together (such as bored piles and rotary excavation piles). ) to prevent the top edge of the foundation pit (shaft) from collapsing, the second function is to bear the horizontal extrusion of steel support (or reinforced concrete support) through the bracket.