Red Lycoris radiata, alias Dragon Claw Flower, Old Crow Garlic, Lycoris radiata, Manzhushahua, etc., is native to the Yangtze River valley in China, which is wild in the Yangtze River valley and southwest provinces, and cultivated in Shanghai gardens. At present, it is widely distributed in East Asia. Strong cold tolerance, like half shade, but also resistant to exposure, like humidity, but also resistant to drought. All kinds of soil can grow, and loose and fertile humus soil is the best. Have the habit of sleeping in summer. In winter, the leaves are green and full of vitality. Happy to be born in the shade of forest edges and river banks. Perennial herb with banded leaves and dark green with hoarfrost powder. Bulbs contain alkaloid Rickline poison, which can cause vomiting, spasm and other symptoms, and have obvious effects on the central nervous system. It can be used for sedation, drug metabolism inhibition and anticancer effects.
brief introduction of plants
alias: dragon claw flower, crow garlic, Lycoris radiata, manzhushahua, cockroach flower, wormwood, garlic grass, ghost-holding fire, ghost flower, hell flower, lotus flower, aconite poison, flower of life and death, thunder of the flat land, red arrow and crab flower, also known as the other side flower in Japan: cockroach flower, crow. Jusaka), flowers on the other side, and Li Kelis are two kinds of flowers, so please don't confuse them. Flowering period: end of August: family name: Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllidaceae. Origin: China and Japan.
Morphological characteristics
A perennial herb of Saxifraga manzhuensis, with a nearly spherical bulb and a purple-brown film outside; Basal leaves, narrow strips, dark green, with pink-green bands on the back. At the turn of summer and autumn, the flower stems break out of the ground, and the umbels are terminal. There are 5 to 7 flowers, which are red and strange, and (also white) the petals are rolled back like dragon claws. Because flowers and leaves can't meet, Lycoris radiata is also called "heartless" flower. Lycoris radiata is the scientific name of flowers, and the most commonly used name among the people is Cockroach Flower. People can order flower balls if necessary. The black flower ball of Lycoris radiata is very easy to feed, and it won't die if it stays wet for a year. Reportedly, the purchase of this flower is mostly used for villa garden planting. Generally, hundreds of flowers are planted together, which will open in large numbers in autumn and have excellent landscape effect. Wild varieties grow in dark and humid land, and their native land is red soil, so they are cold-resistant and shade-loving, and the maximum tolerable high temperature is 24℃ per day. Like wet, but also drought-resistant, accustomed to acidic soil, with loose, fertile humus soil is the best. Have the habit of sleeping in summer. Bulbs contain alkaloid Rickline poison, which can cause vomiting, spasm and other symptoms, and have obvious effects on the central nervous system. It can be used for sedation, drug metabolism inhibition and anticancer effects. Bulbs are oval in shape, 4 ~ 5 cm long and 2.5 ~ 4～5cm in diameter, with a leaf base about 3cm long at the upper end and many white fibrous roots at the base; The surface is covered by 2 ~ 3 layers of dark brown dry membranous scales, and there are 1 layers of white sticky fleshy scales inside, which are born on a shortened bulb disc with yellow-white buds in the center. The gas is specific and the taste is extremely bitter. [1] perennial herbs, underground scales are not thick, wide oval, and covered with purple-red film. Leaves are linear, 5 ~ 6 leaves are drawn from the base after flowering, and the leaves are drawn in winter and withered in summer. Flowers are picked from August to September, with a height of 3 ~ 6 cm and 4 ~ 12 flowers, which are umbels. The flowers are bright red, the short part is about 5 ~ 6 mm long, and the lobes have been narrowly lanceolate and rolled outward. Ovary inferior, not fruiting after anthesis. The flower scape is drawn out after the leaves die in summer and autumn, solid, up to 3 cm, and the umbel has several flowers; Flowers are red, about 4 cm long, perianth tube is very short, throat is scaly, with 6 lobes; Lobes oblate-lanceolate, edges shriveled, unfolded and rolled back; Stamens and pistils protrude far beyond perianth lobes. Bulbs contain starch, and plant gum can be extracted instead of Arabic gum. The whole grass contains lycorine, galanthamine and other raw materials used in pharmacy, which are equivalent to expectorant, emetic, repercussive and analgesic, and diuretic, but they are highly toxic and should be used with caution.
Morphological habits
Wild varieties grow in dark and humid land, and their native land is red soil, so they are cold-resistant and shade-loving, and the limit of high temperature they can tolerate is the dreamy flower degree of 24℃ on the other side of the daily average temperature; Like wet, but also drought-resistant, accustomed to acidic soil, with loose, fertile humus soil is the best. Have the habit of sleeping in summer.
[ Edit this paragraph] Geographical distribution
Lycoris radiata is distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of southwest China, and also distributed in Vietnam and Malaysia. It was recorded in China in the Song Dynasty, and it is also called "nonsense grass", "dragon claw flower" and "cockroach flower". Although it is ornamental, its rhizome is toxic and cannot be eaten at will. Galanthamine extracted from the roots of Lycoris radiata can be used to treat polio, which has been used abroad, and Chinese experts are also conducting in-depth research to develop drugs for the benefit of mankind. Because Lycoris radiata often blooms near the cemetery, its color is bright red and blood-like, and its flowering period is near the autumnal equinox (a Japanese sacrificial festival), and Lycoris radiata leaves open and flowers fall, and never meet each other, so in Japanese legends, this flower has an ominous color of death and separation, which is more commonly used in funerals. However, there is no such saying in China. Lycoris radiata has become a common festive flower because of its bright colors. The black flower ball of Lycoris radiata is very easy to feed, and it won't die if it stays wet for a year. This flower is mostly used for villa garden planting, usually hundreds of them are planted together, and it will open in large numbers in autumn, with excellent landscape effect. In addition, because the rhizome of Lycoris radiata is very similar to narcissus, some black-hearted flower vendors will use it to pretend to be narcissus to sell, so be careful when buying flowers. Distribution: Native to China, East China, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Shaanxi and even Southwest China. Lycoris rubra, also known as Taraxacum, is native to China and mainly distributed in the provinces of the Yangtze River Basin. Strong cold tolerance, like half shade, but also resistant to exposure, like humidity, but also resistant to drought. All kinds of soil can grow, and loose and fertile humus soil is the best. Have the habit of sleeping in summer. In winter, the leaves are green and full of vitality. Widely distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and parts of southwest China, it is also distributed in Vietnam, Malaysia and Japan. It was recorded in China in the Song Dynasty, and it is also called "nonsense grass" and "dragon claw flower". Although it is ornamental, its roots are toxic and cannot be eaten at will. Lycoris radiata scenic spots mainly include Dali, Lijiang, Taroko, Mazu in Taiwan Province, Japan and Japan.
cultivation techniques
propagation: the main method is ball propagation, and bulbs are dug up and planted separately after Ye Gang withers in spring or after flowering in autumn. Divide the ball every 3-4 years after planting. The natural seed setting rate of flowers on the other side is not high, the seed maturity is poor, and the seeds are sown and propagated, and the germination is irregular. It takes 5-6 years for seedlings to blossom. Cultivation: Strong resistance, simple management, planting depth of 8-1 cm is better. If the soil is too dry before flowering in summer, it should be fully watered to facilitate the excavation of flower stems. Fertilize once before pulling out the flower stems in August, and once again after the young leaves germinate and emerge in autumn, so that the leaves germinate green and orderly. Application: Lycoris rubra is in full bloom in summer and autumn, which is very gorgeous. It can be arranged in grassland, under forest or planted in perennial mixed flowers, which can form a beautiful scene in early autumn. It is not only an ideal green ground cover plant in winter, but also an excellent material for potted flowers and cut flowers. According to the records of traditional Chinese medicine, Lycoris rubra bulb is warm, pungent, bitter and toxic. As a medicine, it has the effects of inducing vomiting, eliminating phlegm, reducing swelling, relieving pain and detoxifying. But if eaten by mistake, it may lead to poisoning, ranging from vomiting and diarrhea to paralysis of the central nervous system and life-threatening. According to pharmacological research, the main medicinal components of Lycoris rubra bulb are various lycorine and galanthamine. Lycorine and its derivatives have certain anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, sedative and emetic effects, and are also effective in treating amebic dysentery. Galanthamine is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, which is used for paralysis and myasthenia gravis caused by central paralysis diseases such as poliomyelitis. At present, all these components can be extracted on a commercial scale.
Temperatures
Many members of Amaryllidaceae like warm climate, so they can adapt well to the environment in Taiwan Province. The amaryllis, Osmunda, Spider Lily, Callicarpa, Allium fistulosum, Allium tuberosum and Fireball Flower all belong to this category, which are suitable for flat cultivation. The growth temperature of Lycoris aurea and Clivia is between 15 and 25 degrees Celsius, which is more suitable for planting in the north. Clivia should avoid too hot and humid environment in summer. Narcissus likes to be cold, and flat land can only be planted in winter and spring; It is more suitable for hanging flowers and kangaroo feet to be planted at medium and high altitudes.
Sunlight
Most bulb flowers of Amaryllidaceae like to grow in sunny environment, which is suitable for full sunshine or half sunshine, and insufficient light will cause poor flowering. Chinese daffodils kept in water still need more than two or three hours of sunshine every day, otherwise they will fall in vain. Clivia likes shady environment, so direct sunlight should be avoided in summer, and the sunshine should be between 5% and 7%.
Soil
Generally speaking, bulbous flowers are not picky about soil. Many bulbous flowers have very dry and hard native soil, but they still bloom brilliantly. However, if loam rich in organic matter or sandy loam can be provided, it will make them grow more beautiful. In addition to the water-loving species such as Manshuria and Spider Lily, the soil generally planted should strive for good drainage, otherwise the bulbs will rot easily.
fertilizer
the growing season of bulbous flowers is long, and sufficient organic fertilizer should be buried before planting, and then topdressing should be applied once every two months. Self-made decomposed compost or three-element fertilizer can be used, and the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be emphasized to promote the development and flowering of bulbous flowers.
Water content
Bulbous flowers' swollen underground stems make them more tolerant of water shortage, but in the well-drained land, they can only grow fully by supplying enough water. When the topsoil is dry and gray, they should be replenished with water. When the leaves of Lycoris aurea and Lycoris fireballs wither gradually, they should be watered slowly, and once they enter the dormant period, they should not be watered or fertilized again.
propagation
propagation is carried out by methods such as ball separation, sowing, scale base cutting and tissue culture, with ball separation as the main method. The easiest way is to divide the bulbs, dig up the plants during dormancy or after flowering, take down the attached bulbs near the mother bulbs and plant them, and they will bloom in about one or two years. Seed-bearing species such as Clivia, Fireball Flower, Manshuria and Onion can also be propagated by sowing, but it usually takes two to five years to blossom. Large bulbs, such as the solitary flower and the fireball flower, can be cut into eight to sixteen pieces radially and inserted into a clean sand bed to grow into new plants in about three or four months. Scale base cutting method: the cleaned bulb base is cut into eight parts in the shape of a rice, and the cutting depth is about 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the bulb length. After disinfection and drying in the shade, it is inserted into moist sand, perlite and other substrates. After 3 months, adventitious buds can be seen at the junction of scales and base plates, and small bulb balls are gradually produced. After separation and cultivation, seedlings can be formed. Tissue culture and propagation method: using MS medium, pedicels and ovaries are taken as explants, and after culture, callus can be produced at the incision. Adventitious roots can be formed after 1 month, and adventitious buds can be formed after 3 ~ 4 months. Using pedicels and scales with stems as explants, adventitious buds and corms can also be produced. Sowing method: generally only used for cross breeding. Because the seeds have no dormancy, they should be sown immediately after collection, and the radicle can be exposed after 15 days at 2℃. Sowing in natural environment, only a few seedlings take out a leaf in the first growth cycle, and can be transplanted once at seedling stage. It takes about 4-5 years from sowing to flowering.
cultivation
it can be cultivated in the open field, potted in greenhouse, framed cultivation or hydroponics. Cultivation time The suitable cultivation time in Shanghai is from May to November, which can be combined with flowering control. It is forbidden to transplant in winter or early spring after long leaves. Cold areas should be planted in spring. Most varieties like warm climate, the highest temperature is less than 3℃, and the average temperature in ten days is 24℃, which is suitable for the growth of Lycoris radiata. The average daily temperature in winter is above 8℃, and the lowest temperature is 1℃, which does not affect the growth of Lycoris radiata. The planting depth in the cultivation environment should not be too deep, and the bulb top should be just buried in the soil. It is required to apply an appropriate amount of base fertilizer to the acidic sandy soil or loose cultivated soil with good drainage, and irrigate it with water after cultivation. Irrigation should be done frequently during the vegetative growth period to keep the soil moist, but no water should be accumulated to prevent bulbs from rotting. Adequate water must be supplied from 2 days before flowering to flowering period to achieve neat and consistent flowering and prolong flowering period. Cultivation methods Shanghai area can be cultivated in the open field. Peel off the small bulbs around the main ball for reproduction. Trim the residual root of the main ball, sun it for two days, and plant it after the wound is dry. The cultivation site requires high terrain and good drainage, otherwise it should be made into high ridges and deep ditches to prevent waterlogging. The plant spacing is 15cm×2cm. When the soil is covered, the top of the ball should be exposed to the soil surface. Generally, apply fertilizer 2 ~ 4 times a year. For the first time, after defoliation and before flowering, organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be used. Those who make cut flowers should topcoat them before the buds are in bud. The second time was in late October and early November before the post-flowering period. After picking flowers, continue to supply water and fertilizer, but reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to make bulbs strong and full. After autumn, fertilizer and water should be stopped to make it gradually dormant. Choose sunny days to dig the ball, dig it up when the soil is dry, remove the soil, dry it slightly and store it. You can also cut off the leaves and put them in a greenhouse with soil to sleep. The room temperature should be kept at 5℃ ~ 1℃, and the room should be kept dry and ventilated to prevent the bulbs from rotting. In production, 4cm×6cm frame cultivation method can also be used, generally 16 seeds are planted in each basket. This method has the advantages of convenient transplanting and maintenance management. Pay attention to weeding in production. Generally, herbicides can be sprayed when weeds are too long, and the spraying time is generally selected after defoliation and harvesting. In addition, potted plants can be carried out. Generally, large balls that can bloom in the field for 3 years are selected, and the diameter is more than 7cm. One ball can be potted, or 3-4 balls can be potted. Shallow planting, so that 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the ball lives on the soil surface. Water the pot once to make the soil slightly wet, and then water it after new leaves are released. Apply liquid fertilizer once every half month. When the leaves thicken and mature in autumn, you can stop watering. After germination in February-March, turn over the pot or replace the pot soil. The culture soil can be prepared by mixing 2 parts of peat, 2 parts of garden soil and 1 part of perlite, and adding a small amount of base fertilizer. Water less in the dormant period in summer, and keep the basin moist frequently in spring and autumn. During the growing season, topdressing thin cake and fat water once every half month. Lycoris radiata likes semi-shade, avoiding direct sunlight in summer, maintaining in semi-shade in spring and autumn, strictly controlling watering and stopping fertilization during wintering. Lycoris flavescens
Planting period
The summer flowering Chinese onion, leek, purple flower, manjusri, fireball flower and solitary flower should be planted in spring; Narcissus flowers in spring are suitable for planting in autumn and winter.
seed bulb depth
generally, the planting depth of bulb should be two to three times as deep as the bulb itself. For large bulbs such as solitary flowers and fireballs, the neck should be exposed from the soil surface, and the bulbs of Lycoris aurea can only be buried shallowly.
Post-flowering treatment and pest control
After flowering, the pedicels of Osmunda and Celastrus sativus should be cut off to avoid consuming too much nutrients; Lycoris aurea began to grow leaves after flowering, and gradually withered in May. Fireball flowers went into dormancy in autumn and winter, stopped watering and fertilizing during dormancy, and then provided water after the pedicel was pulled out. The bulbs of narcissus can fully develop and differentiate flower buds only in a cold environment. It is impossible to cultivate bulbs that can bloom every other year in hot summer, so bulbs can be discarded after flowering, and new bulbs can be purchased and planted next year. After flowering, the flower scape should be cut off to reduce the loss of nutrients and keep the plants neat.