What are the art and characteristics of Shoushan stone carving and Huian stone carving in Fujian?

Fujian has continuous mountains, rolling hills and abundant stone materials. The subtropical climate breeds lush trees, and the long coastal beaches have colorful shells. Ingenious artists use local materials to process stone, wood, bamboo, shellfish and other materials into valuable Shoushan stone carving, green stone carving, wood carving, bamboo carving, shell carving and other handicrafts, among which Shoushan stone carving in Fuzhou, Huian green stone carving in Fuzhou and longan wood carving in Putian are the representatives. Shoushan stone carving is one of the most famous traditional handicrafts in Fujian. Based on the natural shape, color and texture of the stone, it is a sculpture art that skillfully combines natural beauty and artistic beauty with the colorful and shiny Shoushan stone produced in Shoushan, a northern suburb of Fuzhou. Shoushan Stone Carvings existed in the Southern Dynasties as early as 1500 years ago. In the Song Dynasty, an independent major was gradually formed. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the art of Shoushan stone seal buttons became famous all over the world. There are many famous artists in Qing Dynasty, and the works carved by famous artists Yang Yuxuan and Zhou Shangjun are the best. In modern times, carving techniques have become schools with different styles, such as "East Gate" and "West Gate". Lin is a famous sculptor of the Western School. He uses Chinese painting to carve his works, and his thoughts are very detailed and unique. Dongmen School uses the natural form of stone to carve figures, and the main artists are Lin. Through the efforts of performing artists, Shoushan's stone carving skills have been continuously improved, and there are many excellent works. Nine Carps on a Chain by Guo Gongsen, a master of arts and crafts in China, Twenty-eight seals of ancient animals by Zhou Baoting, a master of arts and crafts in China, Underwater World by Lin Hengyun, and stone carvings, Courtship Chicken and Flowers and Fruits, all have high artistic value and have been handed down from generation to generation. Shoushan stone carving techniques are rich and varied, including round carving, relief, thin meaning, hollowing out and inlaying. Excellent materials and superb skills make Shoushan stone carving famous at home and abroad. Many treasures are treasured by museums, treasure houses and collectors. Hui 'an green stone carvings (including granite carvings) are mainly used for architectural decoration, represented by dragon columns, stone lions and various figures' reliefs. It is characterized by the combination of carving and painting, exquisite carving, vivid image and strong national characteristics. Products include reliefs, round carvings, shadow carvings and stone tablets. Before the Ming Dynasty, the blue stone carvings were mostly round and rough in style. Zhou Li in the late Ming Dynasty, Li Musheng in the Qing Dynasty and other stone carving artists are meticulous in craftsmanship, pursuing formal beauty and charm in modeling, and carving figures, flowers and birds are becoming more and more exquisite and vivid. Contemporary Hui 'an stone carving art is relatively mature, with works all over the country, such as Chairman Mao Memorial Hall in Beijing, Nanchang "August 1st" Memorial Tower, Jinggangshan Monument and Xiamen Jimei Olympic Park. Shadow carving is a newly developed stone carving technology, which is carefully carved on the ancient bluestone board, and it is lifelike regardless of imitation or Chinese painting. Fujian woodcarving art has gradually developed from folk architecture, furniture and Buddha sculpture. Varieties include longan wood carving, boxwood wood carving, camphor wood carving, gold wood carving, color wood carving and so on. The main producing areas are Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou and northern Fujian. Different styles, such as Hou Yi and Wu. Fuzhou longan wood carving is mainly antique, with exquisite knife work, exquisite charm, simple style, simple and general shape, stable and generous, and has vigorous artistic characteristics; Putian boxwood carving and longan wood carving are good at exquisite through carving, with simple and elegant style, delicate description and distinct layers. Sculpture in Jin Mu, southern Fujian is popular, which is combined with relief, decorated with gold, resplendent and exquisite. The colorful wood carvings in Quanzhou are mainly birds and animals, pursuing vivid and realistic artistic effects. Tree root carving is a new kind of arts and crafts inherited from wood carving in recent years and evolved from other techniques. It uses the old and dry roots of natural trees or vines to process into exhibits such as figures, birds and beasts, melons and fruits, which are full of natural wild interest and show the charm of things. The main producing areas of tooth carving are Fuzhou and Putian. Fuzhou tooth carving originated from traditional longan wood carving, with complex layout, exquisite and smooth carving method, steady and generous bearing and unique style. It is one of the four major schools of ivory carving in China (Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Banyan). The representative works of modern tooth carving "Cao Dajia", "Walking in the Rain" and "Going Back to Mother's Home" have both form and spirit, each with its own characteristics, which is a successful work of traditional arts and crafts absorbing modern artistic expression techniques. Putian's tooth carvings are decorative and comprehensive, and their works are good at carving ancient figures. The main representative works are Pursuit and Shi Xiangyun Drunk in Peony Flowers. Fuzhou jade carving is unique in charm, and the landscape flower-and-bird round carving is vivid and exquisite in craftsmanship. The jade carving "Narcissus" is unique and elegant, which integrates Shoushan stone carving art into jade carving and has a unique style. The corner carving in Fuzhou is famous for its exquisite craftsmanship and unique carving, with the theme of dragonflies, shrimps and crabs, Xia Chan, reeds and animals and plants. Excellent works include Liu Chan and so on. The picture is vivid, transparent, soft and elegant. Represented by bamboo carvings in Fuzhou and Zhangzhou. Artists use the method of "staying green" to carve bamboo pieces of ancient celebrity calligraphy and painting. The main works are bamboo carving pen container, hanging couplets, flower arrangement, paperweight and so on. The main producing areas of shell carving are Pingtan, Dongshan, Fuding and Xiapu. Pingtan shell carving is based on materials and strives for the harmony of shape, pattern and color; Dongshan shell carving is mainly based on shell pile bonsai; Fuding shell carving is combined with lacquerware; Xiapu shell carving is mainly based on shell stickers, each with its own characteristics.