Edit | Car He Miaomiao
When it comes to Hunan, what do you think of?
Is it a Hunan dish with chopped fish heads, stinky tofu, crayfish, Wenheyou, modern China tea shop, etc., or a tourist attraction such as Zhangjiajie, Yueyang Tower, Fenghuang Ancient City and Orange Island?
Is it a fiery variety show, such as fast book, daily progress, elder sister Lang, elder brother with difficulties, or the Huxiang culture and great deeds in Paleolithic age?
In the era of short video, Hunan's food, beauty and entertainment occupy the screen and become a big province of online celebrities.
In the golden week of 2020 1 1 month, some netizens sent Weibo to ridicule "This long holiday, 400 million of the 654.38+04 billion China people came to Changsha!"
Changsha, with its strength, explains what is called "the city of network celebrities".
However, there is another little-known side of network celebrities and Hunan-a province with hard-core industry.
In 2020, on the GDP ranking list of 3 1 provinces and cities in China, Hunan Province, as a province with a large economy and population in the central and western regions, ranked ninth in the country with a GDP of 41781490,000.
If we dig deeper, we can find that there is a major contributor behind Hunan's 4 trillion GDP-"construction machinery industry".
In 2020, the main business income of Hunan construction machinery scale enterprises will reach about 252.4 billion yuan, accounting for 27% of the total construction machinery industry in China, and the total scale 1 1 year ranks first in the country.
After all kinds of online celebrity labels, it's time for hardcore Hunan to shine.
0 1 how strong is Hunan construction machinery industry?
If we take Hunan as an example, Zoomlion will definitely have a place.
In 2020, Zoomlion's revenue will reach 65 1.09 billion yuan. Comparing the GDP data of provinces and cities in that year, 2.6 Zoomlion can support the GDP of Xizang Autonomous Region.
However, the story of today's 60 billion giants began with a loan of 500 thousand.
Zoomlion's predecessor was Chang Machinery Construction Research Institute of 1992. 1985 after the reform of the national science and technology system, the research funding of Changsha Institute of Machinery Construction has been reduced to 1/3, and how to survive has become an important issue.
"The state proposed to integrate science, industry and trade, and we decided to set up a company," said Zhan Chunxin, then president. "Seven colleagues and I started from scratch and borrowed 500,000." Zoomlion was born in this way.
Changsha Institute of Engineering Machinery, former Ministry of Construction
A 200-square-meter workshop, wrenches and screwdrivers ... At that time, Zoomlion had nothing but talents.
For the technology-intensive construction machinery industry, talents will have everything. At that time, China's economy was booming, and there were construction sites all over the country. Zoomlion won the market with a concrete pump.
From the turnover of 1 994 to the current turnover of 65 1 100 million, with the listing of the company, the factory has grown from 200 square meters to 14 parks in China and more than 50 permanent offices around the world ... In 29 years, Zhan Chunxin and Zoomlion have created a legend together.
Zoomlion ranks fifth in the world and third in China on the list of 202 1 Top 50 Global Construction Machinery Manufacturers.
Zoomlion is not the only construction machinery manufacturer in Hunan. On the list, three Hunan construction machinery manufacturers, Sany Heavy Industry, Tiejian Heavy Industry and Sanhe Intelligent, also performed very well, ranking third, thirtieth and thirty-second respectively. Among them, Railway Construction Heavy Industry, as the largest specialized equipment manufacturing enterprise in China, ranks first in the world in operating profit.
Looking at the whole list, among the top 5 global construction machinery manufacturers, Changsha, Hunan occupies two seats; Among the top 50 global construction machinery manufacturers, Changsha enterprises in Hunan account for 4/ 1 1 of China, and the sales of these four enterprises account for 54.2% of the listed China enterprises.
On this list, Hunan has set off half of China's construction machinery manufacturing industry, and the strength of "China Construction Machinery Capital" goes far beyond this:
First of all, the scale is large.
In the industrial chain of Hunan construction machinery, there are not only four leading enterprises such as Sany Heavy Industry, but also more than 600 main engine manufacturing and supporting enterprises, among which Sany Heavy Industry has nearly 500 supply chain enterprises in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan.
Distribution map of national industrial parks in Hunan Province
Construction machinery manufacturers from all over the country make Hunan not only have a large output scale in the field of construction machinery, but also have a wide range of products:
On the one hand, huge industrial clusters continuously transport all kinds of construction machinery to the whole country and even the whole world. In 2020, the output of excavators, concrete machinery and industrial robots in Changsha will be106,000, 66,000 and 4505 respectively. In short, for every four excavators produced in China, one comes from Changsha.
On the other hand, relying on the huge industrial cluster, Hunan Construction Machinery Corps has formed 12 category, 100 sub-category and nearly 500 models and specifications of construction machinery products, covering 70% of the construction machinery varieties in China.
Secondly, the benefits are good.
According to enterprise data, there are currently 6189,000 construction machinery-related enterprises in China, of which Shandong ranks first with 720,000, and Jiangsu and Guangdong rank second and third. There are only157,000 enterprises in Hunan.
In Hunan, where the number of national engineering enterprises ranks 15, the industrial scale will reach 252.4 billion yuan in 2020, and the operating income will account for 27% of the whole country.
To put it simply, the construction machinery industry in Hunan has supported 33% of the whole industry with 2.5%, and this total champion seat has been held in Hunan for 1 1 year.
Finally, the brand is beautiful:
As the core of large-scale equipment manufacturing industry, construction machinery is called "a big country and a heavy weapon". At present, the global construction machinery industry is mainly distributed in North America, Western Europe and East Asia, and Changsha, Hunan Province is one of the three major construction machinery industry clusters in the world.
And Changsha, Hunan, this signboard has long gone international:
20 1 1 year, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant exploded and a nuclear accident occurred. The Japanese government requested Sany Heavy Industry to support the 62m concrete pump truck to inject water into 1 unit to cool down;
In April, 20021,Doha, Qatar, in 2022, the Lourseyre Stadium, the main stadium of the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, was capped. Eight ultra-high tonnage tower cranes from Zoomlion were at an altitude of 66 meters, and the main cable net weighing 2,300 tons was connected to the aerial steel structure.
At the construction site of Moscow subway, the large shield machine of Railway Construction Heavy Industry accelerated the excavation like "drilling earthworm"; He Shan's intelligence, piling machinery and excavation machinery have entered more than 0 countries and regions in the world 100. ...
From left to right: ① China Sany Heavy Industry supports Japanese 62m pump truck; Tower crane TC8039-25 of Zoomlion in Lourseyre Sports Ground; ③ The first tunnel of China Railway Construction Moscow Metro Project runs through.
If every construction machine made in southern Hunan is marked with a red dot, then if you open the world map, 160 countries and regions will be lit up by tens of thousands of red dots.
Zoomlion's global distribution map: overseas institutions are located in more than 80 countries, and products are exported to nearly 100 countries overseas.
So, how did the construction machinery industry with such strong strength come into being?
Close one door and open three windows.
The development of construction machinery industry can be said to be the belief of Hunan people that "my life depends on me."
In fact, geographically speaking, it is unlikely that Hunan will develop the construction machinery industry.
Open the map and you can see that Hunan is bordered by the Yangtze River in the north and Nanling in the south. Wuling Mountain, Xuefeng Mountain and Luoxiao Mountain run through it. Xiangjiang River, Zijiang River, Yuanjiang River and Lishui River with Dongting Lake as the intersection are surrounded by one lake, three mountains and four waters, so it is difficult for Hunan people to get out of Hunan, even from south to north.
According to historical records, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, candidates from Hunan had to go to the provincial capital of Huguangxing to take the provincial examination, especially those from the south, that is, Chenzhou and Yongzhou, at least two or three months in advance. If you are lucky, you can refer to it on time in August of the lunar calendar. Unfortunately, I can only feed fish and shrimp on a boat in Dongting Lake, wrapped in stormy waves.
Topographic map of Hunan province
So how did Hunan people do it, from being inseparable from this province to the construction machinery industry all over the world?
God is fair. While closing a door for Hunan, three windows were opened, laying the foundation for Hunan's industry:
The first thing to bear the brunt is the rich mineral resources.
We should know that the upstream of the industrial chain of construction machinery is mainly the material industry that provides raw materials and parts, the motor and parts manufacturing industry, such as steel for construction machinery, internal combustion engines, hydraulic systems, bearings and so on. The total cost of these raw materials in construction machinery enterprises has reached more than 90%. Wind data shows that the raw material costs of Sany Heavy Industry and Zoomlion account for 90.78% and 95.28% respectively.
Hunan happens to be one of the provinces with the richest mineral resources in China.
By the end of 2020, among the minerals with proven reserves, the reserves of eight minerals, such as stone coal, bismuth and antimony, rank first in the country, and there are 3564 mining rights in the province ... Rich minerals and resource enterprises derived from them have also helped the development of Hunan construction machinery industry.
Among the top five suppliers of Sany Heavy Industry 20 16, Hunan Hualing Xiangtan Iron and Steel Company is the fifth largest supplier, mainly providing raw materials such as steel and plate.
Simply put, in Hunan, the supply of raw materials in the construction machinery industry is not a problem.
However, even though mineral resources are abundant, so-called "there is rice to cook", but in a closed situation, no one knows and no one cooks, so where do people and factories come from?
To sum up, there are two major events.
First, during the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Xiang Army won war, fame and a lot of property.
Defeating the returning Xiang army not only broke the geographical restrictions, but also proved the strong existence of Hunan to the whole country; Moreover, with the money from victory, on the one hand, schools and education were widely established in Hunan, and a large number of talents were trained, which enhanced Hunan's right to speak in the political court. On the other hand, a large number of modern factories have been established, leaving industrial sparks for Hunan.
Second, when Zhang Zhidong was the governor of Huguang in the late Qing Dynasty, he built the Guangdong-Han Railway.
At that time, the Qing government wanted to build a railway from Wuchang, Hubei to Guangzhou. However, there are two routes from Hubei to Guangzhou, passing through Hunan or Jiangxi.
Everyone knows the eternal truth that "to get rich, build roads first". Hunan won the victory with the confidence of Xiang army and the struggle of Tan Sitong and other intellectuals.
1936, the Guangdong-Han railway, which was built for nearly 40 years, was opened to traffic. During this period, Hunan has developed rapidly by the east wind for a long time:
Changsha's economic intersection is becoming more and more prominent. Industrial products and foreign goods purchased by wholesalers in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Wuhan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places are delivered to Changsha by railway, and Changsha's agricultural and sideline products are continuously exported.
Zhuzhou has transformed from a small market town in 1898 to a well-known industrial and commercial city, and commodities such as coal, porcelain, firecrackers and Gu Mi have gathered in succession, becoming a veritable "train-driven city";
With the further development of commerce and trade, Chenzhou has become a transit point for salt and daily industrial products with a population of nearly 6 million in the vicinity, and ancient logistics industries such as private car transportation, railway transportation agency and trust industry collecting local products have also developed rapidly;
……
The whole of Hunan has personally practiced the decisive role of transportation in urban development.
Today, Hunan still believes in this truth. The iron and steel giants from Hunan have built these criss-crossing traffic trunk lines, which have injected impetus into the urban economic development, and at the same time, they have continuously transported themselves out.
Schematic diagram of the layout of comprehensive transportation corridor in Hunan Province during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period
Under the spirit of Huxiang, which is represented by the suffering, hegemony and death of Xiang Army, it takes the cooperation of weather, geography, people and the three kings to set up a stage with resources and transportation to sing the play "One Dominant in the Construction Machinery Industry" well.
Industries, markets and talents are all on the rise.
The development of Hunan's construction machinery industry, to a certain extent, has taken advantage of the favorable weather, geographical location and people.
Look at the geographical location first-attract a large number of factories to settle in and activate the future development potential.
As the saying goes, a blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise. The landscape dilemma that Hunan people could not get out of before has become an important factor for many factories to settle in.
In wartime, mountainous Hunan became a natural refuge, and factories and arsenals with huge demand for minerals set up factories in Hunan.
According to incomplete statistics, during the Republic of China, there were 3 provincial factories and more than 50 private machine factories in Hunan * *, but after the early days of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, there were 7 large and small machine factories in Hunan * * in 1943, with nearly 30,000 employees.
If a batch of modern industries built during the victory of Xiang Army left a spark, then the large and small machinery factories that settled in during the war ignited the spark of Hunan industry, and today's Hunan construction machinery industry has already become a prairie fire.
Behind this, another "geographical advantage" can not be ignored, that is, the potential of the development of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan triangle.
Although Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan is not as famous as the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, it has become a fairly mature industrial cluster.
Turning to the answer sheet of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Triangle in 2020, the total GDP of the three cities is17591420,000 yuan, accounting for 42. 1% of Hunan's GDP, slightly higher than that of Wuhan in 2020151million.
Why compare with Wuhan?
Historically, Hunan, which belongs to Huguang province, has been overwhelmed by Hubei, which is more advanced in geography, transportation and industrial development. For example, Hunan candidates need to travel to Wuchang to take the exam, and for example, a large number of factories built to build the Guangdong-Han Railway landed in Wuchang ... It is obviously a province, and Hunan seems to be adopted.
Today, Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, three cities that can fight alone, are ready for the development of urban agglomerations by virtue of their superior geographical location and traffic conditions. It can be said that one hundred years later, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, which is a combination of three swords, has a solid head compared with Wuhan.
Spatial structure planning of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan economic integration core area
The three cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan are located in the middle and lower reaches of Xiangjiang River, only 30~40 kilometers apart. Under the smooth traffic network, Changsha takes the high-speed train 15 minutes to Zhuzhou and Xiangtan 1 1 minute.
What is even more exaggerated is that under the development of the "bus-oriented" operation of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan intercity railway, Xiangtan citizens are expected to take the Changsha subway at their doorstep at the end of next year.
With the development of the group, can Hunan's construction machinery industry worry about going up a storey still higher?
Look at the weather again-build a solid foundation for the construction machinery industry and gain a broad development market.
I am not afraid that my opponent is a schoolmaster, but I am afraid that schoolmaster will open a plug-in. Zhuzhou City is such a terrible industrial tyrant.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the influence of the international environment at that time, the state transferred many industries to the southwest. With the help of funds, technology and equipment from the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries, Zhuzhou became one of the first eight key industrial cities to be built after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
In addition, other cities in Hunan have also undertaken different machinery industries. For example, in 1963, Shanghai Construction Machinery Factory (later Puyuan Machinery Factory) moved to Changde.
With the transfer of many advantageous industries, Hunan has a good gene to develop the construction machinery industry and won at the starting line.
However, the strong also need to use the power of force. To put it bluntly, it is the market. And Hunan just caught up.
Since the reform and opening up, China's urbanization has been rapidly promoted, and the construction of railways, highways and houses has been accelerated, which has brought a broad market to Hunan's construction machinery industry.
Take traffic as an example. 1978, the mileage of highways and railways in China was 890,000 km and 52,000 km respectively. By the end of 2020, these two figures will increase to 5198,000 km and146,000 km respectively. Under the transportation network extending in all directions, it can be said that Hunan, which occupies 70% of the national construction machinery market, has built more than half of China.
If there were no bars, many houses and roads would have been built in our country-the urban rate of permanent residents is 63.89%, the coverage rate of high-speed railways in cities with a population of over one million is 95%, and the coverage rate of expressways in cities with a population of over 200,000 is 98%. ...
Then please rest assured that the international demand for high-tech new construction equipment is still increasing, and the excavators in Hunan are not worried about not selling!
Finally, look at people and harmony-people are strong, there are many people, and people are still "ruthless", injecting industrial vitality.
In the final analysis, the construction machinery industry is still a technology-intensive industry, so people and their own skills are very important. Hunan's construction robots are strong and numerous, and also "ruthless"!
The strong, starting from the "national team".
Speaking of the development of Hunan construction machinery industry, the Construction Machinery Research Institute (later renamed Changsha Construction Machinery Research Institute) moved from 65438 to Changsha 0978.
The national team has brought a large number of experts and researchers in the construction machinery industry, as well as a large number of technical and scientific research support to Hunan.
From 65438 to 0978, the national science and technology system was reformed, and the research funds of the institute were cut by 2/3. In order to survive, the institute was forced to transfer the patent of drawings. This sale may be the curse of the institute, but on the contrary, the recent 170 enterprises have risen rapidly with the technology of the institute and become the backbone of Hunan construction machinery industry.
The predecessors of the institute have cultivated a solid foundation for the construction machinery industry in Hunan, and the follow-up talent supply is essential if this big tree wants to grow as long as possible.
Hunan has both high-end talents and a steady stream of new forces to join.
First of all, there are many universities in Hunan. According to the 20 19 data of the Ministry of Education, there are 125 colleges and universities in Hunan Province, ranking seventh in the country. At the same time, Central South University, National University of Defense Technology and Hunan University have three 985 and 985 universities, the number of which is second only to Beijing and Shanghai. At the same time, there are four 265438+ universities including Hushi Normal University.
Secondly, there are many national research institutes in Hunan, such as Xiangxiang Aluminum Factory Research Institute, Xiangdong Chemical Machinery Factory Research Institute of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, and the Sixth Institute of Nuclear Industry.
On the way to becoming a king, Hunan engineering robots also have the spirit of "perseverance, dare to fight and dare to fight", and this struggle has reached the point of "ruthlessness".
After visiting the BMW Construction Machinery Exhibition in Munich, He Qinghua, the founder of He Shan Intelligent, and his staff, were deeply stimulated to see that the entire booth of the China Legion was not as imposing as the Korean company.
Subsequently, we strive to become the 32nd manufacturer in the world, and our products are exported to more than 0/00 countries and regions around the world.
Sany Heavy Industry rejected the unequal agreement of foreign companies when faced with the problem of "hydraulic parts", the key component of excavators. Li Long Hydraulic Company was secretly established in Hangzhou. Employees don't wear Sany tooling, and factories don't sign Sany ... It takes ten years to sharpen a sword. In 20 18, 30% excavators in Sany were equipped with independent hydraulic components.
It is hard for Hunan not to become the king of the construction machinery industry, from industrial base to market opportunities to talent strength.
The city is well-developed in industry.
In recent years, online celebrity cities have emerged one after another.
Undeniably, the establishment of the network celebrity city has brought huge flow and potential for urban development. However, in addition to "food, clothing, housing and entertainment", a city's hard power background also depends.
Industry is the "ballast stone" of economic development and the "hard core" of urban strength.
We see the electronic information industry in Chengdu, breaking through the bottleneck of science and technology, and showing the China speed of innovation fission of hard core technology;
Xi' an Aerospace flew into the homes of ordinary people and realized the ambition of building a dream palace;
The Internet age is never afraid of the lack of a temporary network celebrity, but the hard-core industrial strength of the regional economy is the core that the rise and prosperity of great powers can rely on.
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