First, what is "Shuikou culture"
In Huizhou ancient villages, each ancient village has its own "portal", that is, the "Shuikou" of Huizhou village. Shuikou is an important part of Huizhou ancient villages. Shuikou, as the outlet of village water, has been widely valued by Huizhou ancestors. The road to the village generally follows the flow direction of the river, and the Shuikou has become the image symbol of entering the village. So Shuikou is regarded as the entrance of the village by Huizhou people.
Huizhou residents pay attention to geomantic omen when building villages. The traditional concept of geomantic omen dominates the form of Huizhou villages, and Shuikou is regarded as a place related to the rise and fall of people's wealth. It is not only the facade of Huizhou village, but also the "soul" of Huizhou ancient village, which plays an important role. The landform of Huizhou, which is surrounded by mountains and waters, provides the necessary natural conditions for the location and construction of Shuikou. The layout of the nozzle varies with the terrain. Almost every village has its own architectural features, which are closely combined with the surrounding natural landscape.
At the head of ancient Huizhou village, you can often see the Shuikou landscape carefully built by Huizhou ancestors. There are dense forests, exquisite bridges and pavilions, or magnificent temples and pavilions. All these show the profound and simple Huizhou Shuikou culture in Huizhou ancient villages and the idea of "harmony between man and nature", which reflects Huizhou people's love and yearning for mountains and rivers.
Second, the elements of Shuikou culture
On the basis of the existing natural conditions, the industrious and intelligent Huizhou people have created the ideal village Shuikou landscape with their heart. Around almost all the water inlets in Huizhou, you can see tall and straight lush trees, majestic ancestral halls, magnificent and mysterious temples, solemn and quiet memorial archways, solemn and towering pagodas and strong bridges. They are an indispensable part of Huizhou village landscape, and they shine in contrast with Huizhou folk houses. * * * outlines the unique beauty of the village entrance in southern Anhui, giving people a wonderful feeling of "people living in paintings" as soon as they step into the village.
Shuikousha
"Shuikou Sand", that is, the mountain around Shuikou, is also called Shuikou Mountain. As the first entrance of a village, the shape and trend of the mountains around Shuikou are the first reference for Shuikou site selection.
After determining the location of a village's water mouth, Huizhou people plan and transform the landscape around the water mouth according to the trend of geomantic omen. Huizhou people often use artificial landscaping when creating Shuikou landscape, and strive to integrate artificial landscape with natural landscape to strengthen the "Feng Shui trend" of Shuikou.
The ancients thought: if the river goes straight into the bay without detouring, the aura of the village will be exhausted; If the current twists and turns and can meander for dozens of miles on the beach, it is considered auspicious and can gather good luck. Therefore, there must be a rock guard around the nozzle, that is, "nozzle sand", and the "sand" should be closely staggered to prevent water from flowing straight out.
Shuikoulin
Shuikoulin, also known as Fengshui Forest. Its construction and layout are often based on the theory of "storing wind to get water" and "filling the gap" in Feng Shui. Planting tall trees around Shuikou can gather the wealth of the village in the village and avoid its leakage, thus strengthening Shuikou's "lock key" to the village's geomantic omen.
"Feng Shui Lin" can also be called "Dao Sha Lin". It not only prevented the gas of Wang Ji in the village from leaking out, but also resisted the suffocation of the outside world and became the "green barrier" of the village. When Hu Lancheng wrote about Hu Village, he also talked about the problem of site selection: it is also important to live in one place. Not only Jinling has the Dragon Pan of the Yangtze River, but Zhongshan is also an imperial state, so it is an ordinary city country with thousands of people in the mountains and rivers. This is the same effect.
Influenced by the theory of geomantic omen, most of the Shuikou forests in Huizhou have been endowed with special cultural and spiritual connotations, and they are still well preserved.
Shuikou complex
There are Shuikoushan, Shuikoulin and buildings around Shuikoushan, which are called Shuikoulou. People usually arrange and compose pictures according to the actual environment of villages. Skillful craftsmen follow the direction of feng shui. Shuikou will be integrated with the natural features and necessary scenic spots. The Shuikou environment will be created by building bridges, levees, towers, temples and pavilions, and the scenery will be gathered at the head of the village, making Shuikou a scene of "self-contained natural interest without disturbing the people".
According to geomantic omen, Shuikou architecture, mountain and vegetation together strengthen the "lock" of Shuikou, which makes Shuikou gather the aura of the whole village and make up for the shortage of natural environment. For example, Huizhou villages have Shuikou Bridge, Paifang Group, Shuikou Pavilion and other Shuikou buildings. It not only beautifies the village environment, but also satisfies people's desire to pursue good welfare such as cultural wealth.
Third, the value form in Shuikou culture.
In the long history, the ancient villages in Huizhou can gradually develop into a feudal clan society where people live in compact communities, mainly due to the influence of a large number of large-scale gentry families moving southward in the Central Plains in history. As the "gateway" and "soul" of Huizhou villages, Huizhou Shuikou has an important value form in Huizhou villages.
Spiritual value
Huizhou Shuikou has experienced a long process from its rise, development to decline. In this process, Huizhou people regarded Shuikou as the feng shui lifeline of the village, so Shuikou poured into the good expectations of Huizhou ancestors for the fate and future development of the clan. Huizhou people believe that Shuikou is a symbol of the fate of the whole village. Shuikou architectural landscape, like the Paifang Group, has profound spiritual enlightenment function, not only has high artistic appreciation value, but also contains the connotation of Huizhou culture, which greatly enhances people's moral values and values in Huizhou feudal society and embodies people's spiritual thoughts.
actual value
Huizhou people usually transform the Shuikou into a small water conservancy project facility, and then expand around the Shuikou to form a water environment of a certain scale for agricultural production irrigation. At the same time, it also solved the problem of water use in the village. The construction of Shuikou Garden can be said to provide services for the whole village residents. Huizhou gardens took the lead in the history to have the nature of public gardens and became the gathering place for villagers' life and leisure.
In Huizhou, a soil with profound cultural background, generations of Huizhou people have continuously endowed Huizhou Shuikou with unique spirit and symbolic significance, and gradually formed a unique Huizhou Shuikou culture, becoming an outstanding representative of China classical gardens.