catalogue
1. Living habits
2. Morphological characteristics
3. Distribution range
4. Planting techniques
5. Main values
6. Crop cultivation
Living habits
Willow is a light-loving tree species. Strong water resistance, can produce many adventitious roots when flooded, floating in the water, with the function of absorbing and transporting nutrients. Some willows are also drought-tolerant. Salix matsudana has strong adaptability to climate and soil. Fast growth, strong germination, short life, 10-20 years to become a timber.
morphological character
Willow is a deciduous tree or shrub and a small creeping shrub. Branchlets without terminal buds, bud scales 1. Simple leaf, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, with serrated leaf margin, sparsely entire, short petiole and stipules. The flowers are unisexual, dioecious, the male tarsal inflorescence does not droop, there is no perianth, the bracts are entire, the stamens are 2, 3, 5 or more, and the filaments have glands at the base. Female flowers without perianth, ovary sessile or stipitate, 1 room. Capsule, 2-lobed. The seeds are small and hairy.
distribution range
Willow is suitable for various ecological environments. Willow grows in mountains, plains, sand dunes and polar regions. Mainly distributed in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Salix matsudana is produced in the north, northeast and northwest plains of China. Weeping willows spread all over China and were introduced to many countries in Europe, Asia and America. Korean weeping willows, round-headed willows, long-column willows, white-skinned willows, big white willows, thin-column willows and Qilian willows are mostly produced in the northeast of China, but also distributed in Korea, Japan and the Russian Far East.
Firecracker willow originated in Europe, and then was introduced to the northeast of China. Bai Liu is produced in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet in China, and also distributed in Iran, Pakistan, northern India, Afghanistan, Russia and Europe. Salix psammophila is produced in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and southern Liaoning Province, as well as Korea and Japan. Yunnan willow is produced in China, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places. Purple willow is produced in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Salix macrophylla is produced in Sichuan Province, China. Cotton willow has been introduced in China, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other cities.
Planting technique
Common cutting propagation can maintain the excellent characteristics of mother trees. Cutting propagation is the main method, and sowing can also be used to raise seedlings.
Cutting propagation method
Cuttings are carried out in early spring. Select excellent plants with fast growth and few pests and diseases as cutting mother trees. Before germination, 2-3-year-old branches were cut and cut into cuttings with the length of 15- 17 cm. The row spacing of cuttings is 2030 cm. The seedlings are vulnerable to weevils, aphids and willow beetles by adequately watering the soil, timely sprouting and weeding, and topdressing for 3-4 times after rooting.
Sowing and seedling-raising seeds are harvested in April and sown at the time of collection. The 1000-grain weight is 0.4 g, the germination rate is 70-80%, the sowing amount per mu is about 0.25 kg, and the seedling height in that year is 80- 100 cm. Transplanting should be done after defoliation in winter and before bud germination in early spring of the following year. After planting, fully water and erect pillars.
Cave planting
Cutting can be used for afforestation, but hole sowing is more used. Pay attention to when planting holes:
1. After the seedlings are delivered, prune the roots first, and then plant them immediately. Pruning should be scientific and reasonable, and the section must be smooth. When the soil is sticky, the planting holes should not be less than 80 cm, 80 cm and 60 cm. If it is necessary to reduce insect holes in the later stage, trichlorfon and other drugs can be evenly sprinkled into the holes, and weeping willows can inhale drug components when absorbing water during the growth process, thus releasing insects.
2. Plant weeping willows in the tree pit, not too deep. Fill the bag with good soil and then compact it.
3. Water weeping willows once immediately after planting, and fill the bag with water. Wait until the water seeps down, and then water it again. The second time, all the tree pits should be filled, and the lodging seedlings should be righted. Sometimes the soil in the pit will be washed away after watering. If this happens, you can fill in more soil and compact the surrounding area with soil. Practice has proved that watering twice every 15 days can meet the growth needs of seedlings for four months (especially for dry soil).
4. In case of saline-alkali and dry soil, it is necessary to make use of the characteristics of high water absorption and high water retention of water-absorbent resin, apply water-absorbent resin to the roots of weeping willows, and then plant it in tree pits to moisten the roots to meet the needs of growth and survival. Using nutrition to reproduce, it grows fast and can control sex. However, after several generations of asexual reproduction, the growth potential decreases, and bamboo shoots are prone to withering and premature aging. The cutting mother tree should be a strong-aged tree with excellent clones, with strong growth and no pests and diseases.
Main value
Landscape beautification
Willow is one of the main tree species in North Temperate Park, with beautiful tree shape, early flowering and shady trees in early spring. Such as weeping willows and Korean weeping willows, with slender drooping branches, such as willow leaves of eyebrows. All kinds of shrubs and willows are resistant to pruning and can be cultivated into shrubs of various shapes or used as hedges. Willow is most suitable for waterside greening in garden landscape, such as willow waves and willow warbler in Hangzhou West Lake. Guiyang Huaxi Taoxi Lu 'an, etc. There are still many beautiful willows to be developed, such as those with big leaves, magnolia-like, purple branches, long spikes, red and yellow, red pistils and stigmas, which are also beautiful. In addition, there are more than 20 kinds of alpine willows, which are only 5 ~ 30cm in height, with creeping or upright branches, twisted and deformed, with different shapes, long life and easy survival, and are good materials for making garden bonsai. Commonly used in garden viewing, residential areas, gardens, schools, factories, hillsides, courtyards, roadsides and buildings. When in full bloom, the branches extend in all directions, making the courtyard full of green with high ornamental value; It is an ideal tree species to beautify the courtyard. It has strong resistance to air pollution and dust and is suitable for growing in urban gardens, especially by pools or streams.
Medicinal value
In traditional Chinese medicine, willow also has the effect of medicine. Willow buds are edible, tea and medicine, but they should be picked before the tidbits open. When making tea, you should choose the newly sprouted buds to dry in the sun, and then brew them with boiling water together with the tea leaves. Up to now, monks in Changchun Ling Temple in Yangzhou still mix willow leaves and tea leaves to make tea, so as to eliminate disasters and prolong life. Tea made of willow buds and tea leaves is fragrant and delicious, and can prevent and treat jaundice and muscle pain. According to ancient records, it is mainly used to treat jaundice due to geomantic omen, arthralgia due to dampness and knee pain. In Guangling area, willow buds are also mixed in rice or steamed with flour to clear away heat and improve eyesight. In northern Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and other places, whenever willow buds sprout, many girls pick them together, blanch them with boiling water, mix them with sesame oil, salt, onion and garlic and balsamic vinegar, or dry them in summer and stir-fry them with beans.
plant culture
In China, willow has always been favored by literati and poets. The ancients took Liu homophonic fake as the breakthrough point, and when bidding farewell to relatives and friends, they took Liu as the meaning to express their reluctant feelings. The weeping willow branches are flexible and dance with the wind, which often attracts the interest of literati.