aviation
Taiyuan Wusu Airport is located in the southern suburbs, about18km away from the urban area. There are direct flights to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chengdu, Guilin, Nanjing, Shenyang, Xi and other major cities in China. There is no fixed civil aviation shuttle bus from Taiyuan to the airport. The easiest way is to take a taxi. It takes about 30 minutes to get to the airport by taxi.
railway
Taiyuan is the terminal of Jingyuan and Shitai railway lines and the starting point of Taijiao line, connecting dozens of large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Xi, Chengdu and Baotou. Every day, more than 20 express trains pass by and end in Taiyuan. Taiyuan Railway Station is located at the easternmost end of Yingze Street, and many buses, such as 1, 5 and 34, can directly reach the railway station. The train ticket office arrives in Datong at the railway station, which takes about 5 hours. Ticket price 70 yuan (including one snack). In addition, there are expressways from Taiyuan to Gujiao and Wenshui.
Longshan is a branch of Luliang Mountain, which is connected with Wengshan Mountain in front and Tianlong Mountain in the west. It is located more than 20 kilometers southwest of Taiyuan City. At the top of the main peak of Longshan, there is the Haotian view reconstructed by the people and the Song Dynasty in the early Yuan Dynasty. On the east side of the scenic spot, there are eight caves, which are the only remaining Taoist grottoes in China in the Yuan Dynasty.
Longshan Taoist Grottoes were mainly excavated by Taoist Song in the sixth year (1234). Song Fangde was born in Yecheng, Laizhou, Shandong. Jin Dading was born in the 22nd year of Zhenguan (182) and was a disciple of Qiu Chuji. After four years of xingding, he went to Naiman country in the western regions with his teacher (there are not many branches in Inner Mongolia today) to visit Genghis Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. After three years back to Yan, he was appointed as a Buddhist teacher and his disciples were favored. Later, he put forward some doctrines and took charge of affairs between Dadu, Pingyang and Zhong Nanshan.
Grottoes are divided into three groups from top to bottom and from west to east. The virtual shrine is located at the top of Longshan Mountain, and there are 20 Taoist statues in the cave. Sanqing niche is located under the virtual emperor niche. In the middle of the niche, there are stone statues of Yuanshi Tianzun, Lingbao Tianzun and Taishang Laojun, which are 1.5 meters high, with six real people on two walls and six waiters. The reclining niche is located on the east side of Sanqing niche, and the statue of Yunzi Gefang is carved on the stone platform in the cave. It looked natural, calm and serene, and then two waiters stood upright, and four hovering dragons were carved on the top of the niche. It is a realistic sculpture of jade dragon plate in which Taoist priests of Quanzhen Dragon Sect cultivate their true qi. From west to east, there are stone statues of Zhang Daoling, the founder of Taoism, and his sons Zhang Heng and Sun Zhanglu, each with a height of 1.35 meters, and eight attendants stand upright. Its sculptural forms and techniques have the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty. There are three statues in the Zhen Xuan niche. The main statue is Zhen Xuan Zhangzi He Zi, a famous figure of Taoist orthodoxy. Its carving method and shape are the same as the three-day exorcism statue. There are three stone statues in the niche, namely Pi Yunzi, his younger brother Li Zhiquan and his master Qin Zhian, all of which are carved without chisels. The scene of a boy standing by the niche with a book is very interesting. There are well-preserved eulogies and self-praise poems on the wall of the niche, which is a true portrayal of Taoist practice in Yuan Dynasty. The most worthwhile place to visit and explore in Longshan Grottoes is Qizhen Temple, also known as Xuanmen Ancestor Temple. There are nine statues, with dragons, white tigers, cranes and Yunlong carved on the side of the door, which not only symbolizes the fairyland of Shenshan, but also truly reflects the scene of the seven true Taoist giving lectures on Taoism.
Before the Yuan Dynasty, there were two Taoist statue caves in Longshan, which were discovered when Song visited the Xishan Mountain in Taiyuan. Song Fangde rebuilt the concept of heaven and dug three caves. The fourth and fifth existing grottoes are rich in Song Feng in surface clothing and line technology, which seems to have been excavated by Song people. The first, second, third, sixth and seventh grottoes are Fiona Fang, wearing thick clothes, all in the style of the early Yuan Dynasty. The eighth cave is very small in scale, and the stone carvings are made of clay sculptures, which are supplemented by later generations. The first, second and third caves are actually one cave with three floors, and the sixth and seventh caves were dug by Song.
The first grotto is called the holy land of the virtual emperor, with a circular plane and a carved niche in front. There is a sitting statue of Yuan Shen in the niche, and the head is gone. Clothes hang down on the pedestal, which is natural and smooth. There are ten statues of waiters carved on both sides, floating clouds at the feet and a halo engraved on the head, which seems to be a worship ceremony for Daofu gods. There are two dragons carved on the top of the cave, which have weathered.
The second grotto is called Sanqing Temple, which is the largest grotto in Longshan. Among them, Jade Qing started as a Buddha in Yuan Dynasty, left as a treasure Buddha in Qing Dynasty, and right as a moral Buddha in Tai Qing Dynasty, that is, an old gentleman in Tai Shang. The front is a real person, and the left and right are waiters. Same age as CaveNo. 1, dignified face, thick clothes, hands holding Guigong on his chest.
The third cave lies like a niche, with one niche on the left and right, and a rectangular platform carved on the front. The platform is like a statue lying on its side, with its head in the east and its feet in the west. It is one meter and eight meters long, similar to others. Legend has it that Pi Yunzi sat there. In fact, it should be that when Quanzhen Taoist cultivated the elixir, it seemed to be teaching a simulation of nirvana.
The fourth cave of Sanri exorcism Cave is flat and square, with three statues, a pointed arch niche on each side and a main statue. Like a bun, clothes are smooth, waiters are slender and slightly bent, and they are very rich in Song Feng. The fifth grotto is the Zhen Xuan niche, which contains three stone statues. The main statue sits in a knot, and the waiter stands on the lotus stands on both sides. The costumes, techniques and sculpture styles are the same as those in Cave 4, and they are works of the Song Dynasty.
The fifth hole is a three-day exorcism shrine.
The sixth cave is the shrine of the Five Emperors, with the first-class statue as the main statue, sitting quietly, modest and humble on the left and right, carving a woman in the right corner and half-covering the door, with the same appearance and clothing as the first cave, carved in the early Yuan Dynasty.
The seventh cave, also known as Xuanmen Ancestral Cave, is divided into two rooms, the inner room is carved with statues of seven disciples of Wang Zhongyang, and the outer room is carved with statues of dragons and white tigers, which are carved for thieves. The statues are arranged on three sides, three on the front and two on each side, and there are waiters.
The eighth hole is a niche to distinguish Taoism, and its scale is very small. Existing clay sculptures of Huang San and Guan Yu in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are 78 Taoist statues in eight caves.
There are eight caves in Longshan Taoist Grottoes, namely, virtual emperor niche, Sanqing niche, couch niche, Zhen Xuan niche, exorcism niche, Qizhen niche and two other Taoist niches. In these grottoes, * * * has more than 40 stone statues, including Taoist immortals such as Sanqing bodhi old zu and Taoist real people such as Wang Zhongyang, all of which are very vivid. Different from the exquisiteness of Buddhist grottoes, Taoist grottoes are simple in style, solemn in technique and even easy to give people a rough feeling. For example, the sculptures and clothes in the grottoes are simple and very reserved. There are several caves inscribed in the Yuan Dynasty on both sides and the front wall, which are important materials for studying the development history of Taoism and grottoes in the Yuan Dynasty.
In addition to visiting the grottoes, the natural beauty of Longshan is also nostalgic. There are flowers in spring and summer, peaks in autumn and winter, different scenery in four seasons and different scenery. Located at the top of Longshan Mountain, 20km southwest of Taiyuan, it is the largest and best-preserved Taoist grottoes in China. It was built in the early Yuan Dynasty by Taoist Song.
Although the scale of Longshan Grottoes is not large, the carving technique is peculiar, and the surface is Fiona Fang. The clothes are thick, the lines are simple, the style is rough and the life is rich. Most of the grotto statues in China are Buddhist, but this grotto is very different. The contents are all Taoist gods and ancestors. So far, it is an isolated case in China, and it can also be called the representative work of Taoist statues in Yuan Dynasty. 1957 was announced as the first batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units.
Shanxi was one of the areas ruled by Mongolia earlier in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and it was also one of the areas where Quanzhen religion developed greatly in the early stage. The theme of the statues in Longshan Grottoes, except the Sanqing God, which is generally worshipped by a few Taoist priests, is mostly the statues revered by tribes as the founders of the mountains. Nowadays, Changchun Palace, Qiu Chuji Abbot (now the predecessor of Beijing Baiyun Temple) and other Yuan Dynasty statues have not existed for a long time, and Longshan Grottoes have preserved quite complete sculptures with the characteristics of Quanzhen Taoism, which is very precious.