Prince Gong's cemetery is backed by Yuanbaoshan. Prince Gong wholeheartedly is a very worthy figure in the modern history of China. He is the sixth son of Daoguang, with excellent qualifications, intelligence and ability, and is most favored by Daoguang. He was personally named Prince Gong, and his title was particularly distinguished. In Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu dynasties, Prince Gong reigned several times and was deposed several times. The most brilliant time was when she and Empress Dowager Cixi jointly launched the Xin You coup, and took charge of the country with the title of deliberative king, which was worthy of the name "one person below, ten thousand people above". When I was miserable, I was unreasonably dismissed and idle for ten years. He was also the first imperial clan in the late Qing Dynasty to open his eyes to see the world. He presided over the westernization work for a long time and set up the "Premier's Office" and "Wentong Pavilion". He was the king in charge of the Prime Minister's Office and was called the first foreign minister of modern China. He died on the eve of the Reform Movement of 1898, and was named "Zhong" and called Prince. Prince Gong Cemetery is located in Cocoon Village, Cuicun Town, Changping District, Beijing. It was personally selected by Prince Gong in his spare time. Up to now, the locals still call it "the graveyard of Liu Ye". The mountain behind this small village is called Yuanbaoshan, which should be named after the shape of Yuanbao. In the position of Prince Gong, when building a mausoleum, the scale of the mausoleum should be quite large. According to relevant records, the mausoleum of Prince Gong has built monuments, pavilions, pleasure halls and other buildings, as well as a marble archway with four columns and three rooms, which is quite spectacular. However, in the late Qing dynasty, it was stormy and once fell; In the early years of the Republic of China, warlords scuffled, natural and man-made disasters, and Prince Gong's tomb was stolen several times, and soon declined into disrepair. After the founding of New China, it was unable to protect such cultural relics in the early stage. Later, in order to build the Ming Tombs Reservoir, a lot of stone was needed, so local materials were used, and Prince Gong's mausoleum gradually declined. There are two big pits in cocoon village, which have been covered by bushes and weeds, and that is the tomb of Prince Gong, which has been excavated. But in the field in front of the village, the pale blue stone archway stands abruptly. In the middle of the archway, the words "Luxiang Xi Hu" are engraved. The bottom couplets are engraved left and right, with neat and elegant fonts and no signature. But judging from the small notebook, it should be written by Prince Gong. It is said that the only remaining stone archway is also planned to be moved. Four cranes came to lift it at the same time. If they couldn't lift it, they stayed, which became the remaining mark of the cemetery of Sixth Master.
Yi Xuan is the seventh son of Daoguang and the largest and best-preserved tomb of Prince Alcohol. He is not only the biological father of Guangxu, but also one of the four brothers-in-law of Cixi, and the only brother-in-law of Cixi, so he is especially loved and trusted by Cixi. However, Prince Chun is ambitious and boasts that he knows his soldiers and is good at fighting. He really wanted to step into the Wulin and revive the Eight Banners when his ancestors entered the customs, but he really didn't make any great achievements. On the contrary, on the military plane, he presided over the establishment of the Beiyang Navy together with Li Hongzhang, and appropriated a large amount of money to build the Summer Palace for Cixi, making "Bohai Bay replaced by Kunming Lake and armored boats turned into big boats" an unforgettable and unforgettable hatred. However, Wang Yisheng refrained from fear, obeyed Cixi, and took the motto of "a great family undertaking is a great disaster", so he could do it from beginning to end. When he died in 1890, he was posthumously named as a "saint" and Prince Chun Xian, who had the right to live in the temple and be worshipped as the emperor, and was awarded the title of "Emperor Tukao" and was decorated after his death. Located in Daxi Mountain Scenic Area, Sujiatuo Town, Haidian District (formerly the boundary of Caochang Village, Bei 'anhe Township). It is a village of Zhuanghu, which was developed by the grave keeper and is now called Qiwangfen Village. The Seven Tombs were also selected by Prince Chun when he was recuperating in Xishan due to illness during Tongzhi period. Under the Qifeng Mountain in the Western Hills, the former site of Fayun Temple in the Tang Dynasty, one of the Sixth Courtyards of the Western Hills built by Jin Zhangzong, has been built for many years. It sits west facing east, the front is round and the back is straight, with its back to the rising sun and the wind. Its style is wild, dignified and leisurely, and it rises step by step according to the mountain trend. The first step to enter the mausoleum area is 1 1 1 blue brick stone steps, which are neither steep nor steep, but first people feel the height of the sky. On the platform is a yellow glazed tile pavilion with coupon doors on all sides, and there is a stone tablet inscribed by Guangxu in the pavilion. According to the provisions of the Qing Code, yellow glazed tiles can only be used by the royal family, and at most only green and blue glazed tiles can be used in princes' residences and tombs. From this end, we can understand the unusual identity of the alcohol prince and the unusual supervision of the tomb of the Seven Kings. According to relevant records, when Prince Chun died, the original stone tablet was much higher and more magnificent than the one in the pavilion now. Originally transported to the foot of the grassland, it was really impossible to carry it up the mountain, so we had to stay at the foot of the mountain and erect it in the pavilion of Chunwangmu and Fuxian Brother Cemetery, and carry this smaller stone tablet up the mountain to engrave. There are many trees in the tombs of the Seven Kings, which are extremely rare in the existing tombs. It is the prosperity of this forest that makes it difficult for Prince Chun to live in peace after his death. It was six or seven years after his death that a big ginkgo tree in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties flourished behind his grave. Some people spread rumors in front of Cixi, saying that there were white fruit trees on the prince's grave, and adding the word "white" to "Wang" looked like an "emperor", which would transfer the royal Feng Shui. With the help of stubborn and conservative feudal guardians, Cixi finally issued an imperial decree to cut down ginkgo trees. Of course, this is not a feud between Cixi and the alcohol king who died for many years, but also his trouble. It can be seen as a warning to Emperor Guangxu, who was determined to reform and became more and more disobedient after taking office. Sure enough, within two years, the famous Reform Movement of 1898 and the coup of 1898 took place, which set back the history of China and doomed the fate of the Qing Dynasty. The Seven Tombs is a very rare home of Yin and Yang, and the northern side of the tomb is the Yang House. When Prince Chun was alive, he took nicknames such as "retired laity" and "Master Jiu Si" and showed kindness to Cixi everywhere to show modesty and inaction, so the villa in Lingzhong was named "retired villa". It is a quadrangle with five entrances and a well-designed garden. The Yangzhai here has always been a training center, and idle people are not allowed to enter, which makes the Yin and Yang residence of this tomb so well preserved. Last year, as part of the protection plan for the People's Olympic Games, Beijing invested funds in the emergency repair of the Seven Tombs.
The official name of Wang Yefen is "Garden Sleeping", and the garden sleeping system was stipulated in detail in the Qing Dynasty. Volume 949 of "Imperial Qing Rites" records: "Ten years of Shunzhi (1653) granted the imperial edict, and the prince paid 5,200 yuan, the prince paid 4,200 yuan, the county king paid 3,200 yuan, Baylor paid 2,200 yuan and Beizi paid 1,200 yuan to build a grave. Town five hundred and twenty, auxiliary frenzy. It was also decided that the monument from the prince to the auxiliary country was nine feet high and the turtle was used to cross the faucet. The Prince Monument is three feet eight inches seven minutes wide, and the first height is four feet five inches. The monument to the prince of the county is three feet eight inches wide, the first one is three feet nine inches high and the second one is four feet three inches high. The Baylor Monument is three feet seven inches wide, three feet six inches high and four feet one inch high. The tablet is three feet six inches six minutes wide, three feet four inches high and four feet high. Zhen Gong stele is three feet six inches wide, three feet three inches high and three feet nine inches high. Assist the country and the public. The prince gave the tablet a price of 3,200 silver, the prince 2,520, the county king 2,200, Baylor 2,200, Beizi 7,200, and Zhengong 4,520. It is also accurate to assist the public. ..... ""In the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang (1844), a prince was established with five halls. There are three princes, princes, princes, princes, princes. Prince, the prince of the prince, the door of the county king 3. Baylor, there is one next door. The prince painted colorful flowers, decorated with gold and covered with glazed tiles. The king of the county, the prince and the king of the county only painted multicolored, and all of them were paved with green glazed tiles. Below Baylor, do not draw ink, but use pipe tiles. The length of the Prince's Tomb is 100 feet, the length of the Prince and the county king is 80 feet, the length of Baylor and Beizi is 70 feet, and the length of the town Lord and the auxiliary Lord is 60 feet. Thirty-five generals Zhen Guo and Guo Fu, and thirty generals Guo Feng and Fengen. " In addition to the above detailed provisions, Wang Yefen has six examples. Earlier, the emperor shunzhi's son chased the Rongyuan named after the prince. "A glazed flower gate is one foot six feet two inches wide, with six feet hanging down and ten feet eight inches high. In the center of the hall, it is three feet eight six inches wide, two feet six feet five inches long and one foot two inches high. There is a gate in front, three feet wide, two feet long and one foot high. There are three guard rooms outside the door, three in the east wing and three in the west wing. It is three feet eight feet six inches wide, two feet six feet five inches long, and the eaves are one foot two inches high. The perimeter of the fence is fifty-two feet and six feet, and the height is one foot. " Rong, who was named two years old and actually died more than three months ago, enjoyed this honor after his death, which was related to the feelings of the emperor shunzhi and Dong E Fei, showing the dignity of imperial power, but also reflecting the specific situation of sweeping graves in the early Qing Dynasty.
The second example of Wang Ye's tomb is the garden bed of Prince Richmond of Zhu Huashan (the second son of Kangxi), which has a glazed flower gate ten feet wide, eight feet vertical and four feet high. The east-west wall is nine feet long and one foot high. In the middle of the hall, it is six feet wide and four feet high. There is a gate in front, four feet wide, two feet long, eight feet long and one foot high. There are three guard rooms and three east and west compartments outside the door. The fence has a circumference of 72 feet and a height of 1 foot. "Yun Yong died in the second year of Yongzheng (1724). This garden bed reflects the scale of Wang Ye's tomb in Yongzheng period. After Emperor Qianlong came to power, he named his eldest brother Honghui and his seventh brother Fuhui as Prince Duan and Prince Huai, and built a garden in yi county, which was relocated on the seventh day of November in the second year of Qianlong (56), and was guarded by fifty soldiers. Both Sleeping Prince Garden and Sleeping Prince Garden are "a glazed flower door, one foot wide, six feet vertical and one foot high. "The center of the hall is three feet wide, two feet long, five feet long, one foot high and two feet high. There is a door in front of the door, which is three feet wide, four feet long, two feet vertical and one foot and five inches high. There is a guard room outside the door, which is three feet wide, one foot vertical and two feet high. The perimeter of the fence is fifty-one feet and four feet, and the height is one foot. " According to Yizhou Records, there are two piles demolished and a flat bridge (57) outside the gates of Duan Zi Wang Garden and Huai Zi Wang Garden. In October of the third year of Qianlong (1738), Yong Lian, the second son of Qianlong, passed away. Although he is only nine years old, he is "the son of the queen", "smart and valuable, with extraordinary ambitions" ... Although he was not named, he was named Crown Prince, ... All ceremonies were marked with the instruments of the Crown Prince. "(58) Bless the Crown Prince. "Crown Prince Duan Hui has a garden bed and a glazed flower gate, which is eight feet four inches wide, eight feet vertical and two feet high. There is a hall in the center of the front, which is six feet five feet four inches wide, three feet four feet vertical and one foot four feet high. There are five pavilions each, four feet wide, two feet four feet five inches long and one foot three feet five inches high. There is a Liao furnace in the east, which is nine feet three inches wide, six feet six inches vertical and seven feet high. There is a door three in the south, which is five feet wide, two feet long and one foot and five inches high. There are three guard rooms outside the door, three in the east and three in the west, three feet seven inches wide, two feet one foot seven inches vertical and one foot two inches high. The perimeter of the fence 130 feet and the height is one foot and one foot. " Dayong, the 12th son of Qianlong, died in the 41st year of Qianlong, and in March of the 4th year of Jiaqing (1799), Baylor was blocked. His garden bed can be compared with that of Crown Prince Duan Hui. "The twelve sons of the emperor are lying in the garden, and there is a glazed flower gate, which is ten feet five inches wide, seven feet one inch long and one foot five inches high. In the middle of the hall, it is three feet wide, twenty feet eight feet two inches long, and the eaves are one foot one foot two inches high. There is a gate in front, ten feet five inches wide, eight feet vertical and six inches high. Keep the classroom outside the door. The circumference of the wall is forty-nine feet and the height is nine feet two inches. " Wang Yefen's sixth example is "The Garden Sleeping of Prince Chun Xian of Miao Fengfeng". Yi Xuan, the prince of alcohol, is the father of Emperor Guangxu and the grandfather of Emperor Xuan Tong, with a special position. He died in the 16th year of Guangxu (1890) and was buried in Miaofeng, Xishan in the 18th year. There is a glazed flower door in the garden bed, which is one foot four feet wide, five feet two inches long and nine feet eight inches high. The east-west wall is five feet long and eight feet high. There is a hall in the middle, with five rooms, five feet wide, two feet seven feet vertical and one foot five inches high. There are three houses in front of the temple, three feet wide, five feet vertical and one foot high. There is a Liao furnace in the north, which is nine feet three inches wide, six feet five inches vertical and eight feet six inches high. There are one and three doors, three feet wide and six feet high. There are three guard rooms outside the door, three in the north and three in the south. It is 20 feet wide, 10 feet long, 6 feet vertical, and the eaves are 8 feet 5 inches high. The perimeter of the fence is seventy-one feet nine feet four inches, and the height is eight feet. There is a yellow glazed pavilion with three pavilions on each side, two feet wide and one foot three inches high. The monument is nine feet high, four feet wide and the faucet is four feet five inches high, which is called a turtle. In the inscription, the emperor wrote his name. "
With the establishment of Wang Yefen, or using the original trees, or planting trees in the garden bed and planting pine and cypress trees around, the green space has become a paramilitary area where people are prohibited from firewood, and boundary markers have been erected around it, which has increased the solemn atmosphere of Wang Yefen. Generally speaking, Wang Yefen's personal cemetery has ten guards. Areas where Wang Yefen is concentrated, such as Huanghuashan and Zhuhuashan in Jixian County, Tianjin, Zhanggezhuang and Shirley Wang Zhuang in Yixian County, Hebei Province, and shuidong village in Laishui County, are all guarded by troops. Prince Yi Yunxiang's Tomb in Laishui County has one defender, one manager, fifty managers and fifty Ma Shoubing. In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), the Prince of Yixian was buried, and Zhuang Xu added more than a thousand men, including one general and fifty horse infantry, who were transferred from town standard to town governance, and the left and right battalions were merged into the third battalion. "On this basis, barracks were set up near the garden, and offices and deacons' homes were built, including 40 rooms in Zhanggezhuang No.2 in yi county and 20 rooms in Wanggezhuang No.1..
China No.1 Historical Archives keeps many original files related to Wang Yefen, such as The Case of the Interior Office. Due to lack of time, the author didn't see much. However, as seen from the files, as a means to publicize the feudal imperial power, Wang Yefen spent a lot of manpower, material resources and tens of thousands of money on design, material preparation, site selection, construction and completion. Through several years of amateur investigation, it is found that the scale of Wang Yefen is roughly the same, but the differences between them can also be found. There are many stone archways and bridges on the Shinto of the Prince's Tomb in Yixian County, Laishui, Hebei Province, which are obviously outside the system. At least it is Yong Zhengdi's system of "making the garden sleep more, depending on the routine". It is said that there is no monument in Prince Yong Cheng's tomb in Xueshan Village, Changping County. The Shenqiao in the tomb of "Lanqi King" in front of Xianren Cave in Changping County is more practical. Some have beautiful scenery near Wang Yefen, such as the tomb of Shan Zhen, who is presenting the king at a gathering in Jiazhuang. Some Wang Yefen is in the backcountry. Some kings have no graves. Some of Wang Yefen's babies are more than four meters tall. Their differences reflect the rise and fall of princes in Qing Dynasty, and help people understand the clues of history of qing dynasty and social development from a certain aspect. Why does Prince Yi have such a big mausoleum? He refused to treat the emperor's tomb. Yixian Prince Yunxiang Garden was built in shuidong village, Laishui County, Hebei Province. There were more than 240 princes in the Qing Dynasty, and more than 200 princes' gardens were built, the largest of which was Prince Yiyunxiang Garden. At that time, Yong Zhengdi had intended to give Yun Xiang a piece of land near Tailing. Yun Xiang listened to the "pale with fear" and strongly refused. Since then, he personally chose a piece of flat land in shuidong village, Laishui County, and asked Yongzheng to give it to him. After Yun Xiang became ill, he even more earnestly demanded that the land of Laishui be given to himself. Yongzheng agreed, Yun Xiang listened, in the day. In order to prevent changes, Yun Xiang sent guards to Laishui to collect soil, swallowed a piece by himself, and then said to Yongzheng, "If this happens, my heart will be at ease and future generations will be blessed."
Today, there is only the ruins of high-standard tombs-Yun Xiang Garden, facing east, surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing the water. Although the mountain is not high, it is beautiful. Shinto is about 3 Li long, and the front of Shinto is a tombstone and a dragon turtle. On the front of the monument, the Chinese character "Tombstone, Prince Yixian, Loyal, Honest, Diligent, Cheap" is engraved in Manchu, with Chinese characters on one side and Manchu on the other. To the west of Shinto is a flame archway, with three doors and four pillars, all made of stone, and a flame orb in the middle of the upper forehead of each door. Behind the flame archway is a five-hole arch bridge. After crossing the five-hole bridge, there is a stone archway with three doors, four columns and seven floors. The stone archway is extremely beautifully built, which can be compared with the stone archway in the East and West Tombs of Qing Dynasty. There were only a few stone archways in Wang Ye's tomb in Qing Dynasty. Further west of the arch, there are a pair of Optimus Prime, one on each side. Optimus Prime is a China watch, which is different from Optimus Prime, the great monument of the Mausoleum. Around the huabiao of the Mausoleum, there are Yunlong on the column and stone railings on Sumeru. Optimus Prime, who sleeps in Prince Yi's garden, has an octagonal column, but two dragons are carved on each side, with the dragon head facing upwards and the dragon tail facing upwards, and the dragon head is raised again. Eight sides of the column, carved dragon 16. There are no stone railings around the stone base. It turns out that there is a tombstone pavilion behind the Chinese watch, engraved with the inscription of Yongzheng Imperial System. In the tomb of Wang Ye in Qing Dynasty, a monarch had two dragon tablets, which was the only one. There is a kitchen behind the pavilion, a well pavilion, a duty room, a platform, a court, a palace gate, a north-south silk burner, a main hall, and a pair of stone unicorn in front of the hall. Behind the main hall is a circular treasure dome. There are also eight banners guards around the garden bed. Unfortunately, such a large-scale garden bed has not been completely preserved until now. Tombstone Pavilion 193 1 was demolished and Underground Palace 1935 was stolen. According to the local villagers, the door frame of the underground palace is made of weathered copper and infiltrated with gold. The stone coupon door is three meters wide. During the Japanese puppet regime, the Japanese puppet regime used Yiwangling's buildings to fight against the Eighth Route Army. 1944, in order to attack the invaders, the Eighth Route Army demolished Yiwangling, and all the bricks, stones and timber were transported away by car. At this point, the ground building of Yiwangling has no remains except the Shinto archway which is more than three miles long. A few years ago, the tombstone at the forefront of the garden was still lying on the ground. In 2000, it was rebuilt at the expense of the descendants of Prince Yi. Yiwangling is now a key protected unit in Hebei Province.
With the popularity of Princess Zhu Huan, the five elder brothers Yongqi are also widely known. Yongqi does exist in history, not invented by the author, and its tomb is located in Miyun. Miyun was praised by Emperor Qianlong for its beautiful scenery and scenery. Therefore, three princes related to him are buried here, including the famous Yongqi. These three tombs are: Prince He's Tomb, Prince Anding's Tomb and Prince's Tomb. Prince He's Tomb and Prince's Tomb are the tombs of Yongzheng Wuzi and Prince Hongzhou, which are located on the Fengshan side of Shangcun Village, Xiejiashan Town, Miyun County, before Lingshan. Hongzhou died in the thirty-fifth year of Qianlong (1770), at the age of 59, in Gonggong, posthumous title. The cemetery covers an area of more than nine hectares, with pine and cypress planted in it, which is solemn and solemn.
Prince Anding's Tomb, commonly known as Prince Anding's Tomb, is the tomb of the eldest son, third son and fifth son of Emperor Qianlong. Located in No.2, Yanggezhuang Village, Bulaotun Town, it has excellent feng shui. Buried here are Wang Yonghuang, the eldest son of Emperor Qianlong, Wang Yongzheng, the third son of Xunjun, and Yongqi, the fifth son of Rongchun. All three princes died young, Yong Huang lived to be 23, and Zhang Yonghe Yongqi lived to be 26. The Prince's Mausoleum has been preserved until 1958. Due to the construction of Miyun Reservoir, the Prince's Mausoleum was completely demolished. Because the underground palace has never been stolen, it was dug up and rich in sacrificial objects, and then moved into the Capital Museum for collection. Prince Gong's tomb is the grandson of Emperor Qianlong, the eldest son and the second son of Emperor Yong Huang, Mianen. He is very famous in history and served as the chairman of the gun camp for 53 years. Li Ganlong, Jiaqing and Daoguang are three generations and powerful figures. Mianen Cemetery covers an area of 100 mu. Gan Long once left a poem "Miyun is an ancient county with magnificent mountains and rivers". His brothers, sons and grandchildren are buried here, which shows his love for Miyun mountains and rivers.