Couplets, one of the traditional cultures in China, also called couplets or couplets, are antithetical sentences written on paper, cloth or engraved on bamboo, wood and columns. The antithesis of couplets is neat and even, which is a unique artistic form of Chinese language. Couplets are the treasures of China traditional culture.
The principle of couplets:
1, "sentence equivalence" means that the number of upper and lower sentences is equal, and the number of words in the corresponding sentences is also equal. This rule includes two meanings: the number of words and the number of sentences. Generally speaking, the number of words in couplets should be equal. In the case of multiple clauses, the number of clauses contained in the upper and lower links should be equal, and the number of words in each corresponding clause should be equal.
2. "Part-of-speech antithesis" refers to words with the same position in the syntactic structure of the upper and lower links. Only when their part-of-speech attributes are the same or conform to the traditional dual types can they form duality. The so-called "goods" are classes. The word "dual" used in the general rules has two meanings. One is the classification of parts of speech according to modern Chinese grammar (that is, name, verb, form, generation, number, quantity, vice, quotation, conjunction, help, sigh, quasi, etc. Words or phrases with corresponding upper and lower parts of speech should have the same part of speech and appear in pairs, that is, nouns to nouns and verbs to verbs.
Second, the words corresponding to the upper and lower couplets should conform to the traditional antithesis type, that is, the traditional part of speech is relative or the traditional dual figure of speech is paired. The ancients generally divided Chinese characters into real characters, empty word, auxiliary characters and semi-virtual and semi-real characters. Its definition is: "Invisible is virtual, and there are traces that can be said to be true; Being dead and quiet, being alive and moving; It seems that there is nothing, half empty and half real. " "Real, virtual, dead and alive" is the concept of part of speech.
3. "Structural correspondence" refers to the composition of upper and lower conjunctions, the coordination of meanings, the arrangement of word order, the use of function words and rhetoric, which conform to laws or habits and correspond to each other in a balanced way. From the perspective of modern Chinese grammar, that is to say, the corresponding sentence structure or word structure should be as consistent as possible, that is, the subject-predicate structure is opposite to the subject-predicate structure, the verb-object structure is opposite to the verb-object structure, or the radical structure is opposite to the radical structure, and the coordinate structure is opposite.
The exquisite format of couplets not only has a long history and traditional habits, but also has a unified and fixed format on the basis of widespread use by the masses. From the literary point of view, it is a special style that is more valued and strict in China folk cultural heritage.