Eryi Building is a round earth building, located in Dida Village, Xiandu Town, Hua 'an County, and is known as the "national treasure". Xiandu and Dida, what poetic names. In fact, Er Yi Lou is a residential building in paradise on earth and a bright pearl in China. When I came to the land of Xiandu, I saw winding green hills, the confluence of two streams, a flat basin and a wide field of vision. I can see the majestic posture of Er Yi Lou from a distance. The gate of eryi building is an arched door facing west, made of fine granite. There are two small holes in the wall. If you shout to the building through the small hole, everyone in the building will hear you. Just like the modern doorbell intercom, it's amazing. It is said that this mystery is still incomprehensible to architects and vocalists. The stone tablet on the threshold of Er Yi Lou is engraved with the word "Er Yi Lou", each 40 cm square. Pen and ink are like regular script, elegant and chic. .
The word "21" has the meaning of "one Iraq landscape, one family history, one inside and one outside, one place in Xiong Yi, one son, one grandson, one thing in literature and art". It is said that these three words were written by a local scholar. He wrote for several months, and I don't know how many baskets of waste paper he threw away, and he was dissatisfied with what he wrote. One day, the landlord invited him to drink and got him drunk. When he got home, he quickly spread out the paper and wrote three satisfactory Chinese characters in one go. But when he woke up, he felt that these three words were not written well, but he could not write better words, so he had to give up. In the end, which stroke is slightly inferior, you may wish to consider it when you get to the door on the second floor. Er Yi Lou is surrounded by mountains and waters, with mountains and peaks behind it, and the nearby hills stretch like centipedes crawling slowly (Mr. Feng Shui calls it "centipedes spit pearls"); After two clear streams meet in front of the building, they go straight to the southwest. Green mountains and green waters complement each other with yellow walls and black tiles, and bridges, pavilions, bamboos and cottages are dotted among them, which is the charming scenery of "one mountain and one water". .
In the ancestral hall of the building, there are a pair of column supports, which specially outline this landscape: "leaning on the glass stone as the screen, the four peaks arch together in the pavilion;" "If you want to commit a crime against Kameyama, two waters will grab the tall building." The so-called "one mountain and one water" actually implies that the landlord Jiang Shixiong ranked second and chose the land for the second time, and his pride was beyond words. According to the legend of the people, Shixiong Jiang was an expert in farming when he was young. He is tall and strong, with superhuman strength. He can carry a broadsword weighing 24 kilograms. It's a pity that he is too talented to get married, saying that he has committed a "lonely life" and is destined to be single all his life. The clansman teased him behind his back and said, "No one (wife) has no monkey, and the key is hanging on his pants." He left his hometown in a rage and went to Anxi and Zhangping to reclaim hundreds of acres of wasteland. Soon, he met a girl named Wei. After they got married, they gave birth to six sons. Shixiong Jiang returned to his hometown in his later years and began to invest heavily in building this building. Due to overwork, he died unfortunately before the building was completed. His six sons and seventeen grandchildren inherited the inheritance and worked hard. Finally, this building was built in the thirty-five years of Qingganlong (1770). Eryi Building covers an area of 10 mu, with an external wall height of 16 m, a wall base thickness of 2.5 m and an internal diameter of 73.4 m.. It consists of a four-story outer ring building and a single-story inner ring building, and is divided into 65,438+02 units, which are closely connected, such as orange petals. .
Each unit is completely independent and self-contained. The bungalow in the inner ring is "through the sky", with kitchen, dining room, living room and special stairs. The first to third floors of the outer ring building are bedrooms and warehouses, and the fourth floor is their ancestral hall. There is a circular corridor on the fourth floor, but it is not facing the patio, but built on the outer wall, separated from the outer wall by wooden walls, forming a corridor with a width of 1 0.5 meters. This kind of "hidden gallery" is very rare in Fujian tulou. The indoor space is unique, while the outdoor space has distinct layers. The whole building is accessed by a gate and two side doors. There is a wide patio in the center, and there are two wells on both sides, which are called Yin and Yang wells. In winter, the water temperature in Yin and Yang wells is lower, while that in Yang wells is higher. In summer, on the other hand, the sunny well is cold and the cloudy well is hot, which is surprising and puzzling. The patio can dry clothes and crops, and it is also a lively place for people in the building to get together and chat. Isn't this "IKEA Yi Shi"? The 21 ST floor is a world of its own, and there is a green garden outside the building. People work at sunrise, rest at sunset, grow tea in the mountains and rice in the fields, and live an idyllic life. It is indeed "both internal and external." In terms of architectural structure, the Eryi Building "unifies the whole world and divides the space equally", which not only lives together, but also is independent of each other, which is conducive to the unity within the family and the cohesion, restriction and guidance of the extended family. It is "Yi Di Yi Di" and "Yi Zi Yi Sun". .
Eryi Building is full of cultural atmosphere everywhere, with carved beams and painted buildings, poems and paintings, which is dizzying, as if it had entered a beautiful art palace. According to the statistics of experts in National Cultural Heritage Administration, there are 952 murals painted in Eryi Building, including 226 murals with an area of 593 square meters, 2 14 paintings with an area of 96 square meters, and 349 painted wood carvings and murals. In many traditional Chinese paintings, we can also see the inscription "Xuan Tong imitated the master's pen of Mr. Chen Qingxi in Ruiyun Mountain, Guangdong Province the following year", which was mostly written by folk painters and residents of Eryi Building. Although it is a masterpiece imitating Lingnan School of Painting, it is skillful, interesting and of great artistic value. Among all kinds of couplets, there are beautiful and dignified seal script, charming and moving official script, handsome and neat regular script, elegant and broad-minded running script, patchwork cursive script, and vigorous and magnificent inscriptions. .
In an orchid picture on the wall of unit 10, the variant official script of "Fenglulan" inscribed in official script is called "crab character", which looks like three crabs stumbling and is very creative. There are many rooms whose walls and ceilings are covered with The New York Times (1932). Where can these foreign products come from in this remote mountain village? Perhaps it can be seen that Tulou people are not closed and conservative, and their ancestors have begun to accept new things from abroad. Many portraits of western beauties are even more evidence; On the four lintels leading to the corridor on the third floor, one is painted with western beauties, and the other three are painted with ancient Roman clocks. Above the beauty, the words "Song Feng" are written. The traditional banners of "Shendu", "Anju" and "Qin Louyue" are written on the three ancient clocks, and the following are like ancient Roman characters, which are a combination of Chinese and Western, with far-reaching significance. .
Surprisingly, fifteen clocks were painted on the lintel on the second and first floors, and the time was different. Some people say that this means the time difference around the world, and you can't help sighing that the second and first floors are in line with the world. The arched door of Eryi Building is equipped with double door panels, the inner layer is riveted with iron plates, there are double latches behind the door, and the top of the door is equipped with water leakage and sand leakage devices, which can prevent fire attack. There are no windows on the first to third floors of the outer ring building, and only small windows are opened on the fourth floor, which are full of loopholes. It is no exaggeration to say that it is "suitable for literature and martial arts." .
1996, eryilou was designated as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council for its "scientific design, large scale, complete preservation, long history and rich connotation". In 200 1 year, according to the principle of "repairing the old as before", the state allocated special funds for the maintenance of eryi building, and only the cleaning of murals and paintings cost more than 500 thousand yuan. Nowadays, the renovated Eryi Building attracts tourists from all directions with more majestic momentum and more charming charm. This pearl on the earth shines with more beautiful light.