Selling property to rescue cultural relics
Things are changeable and full of accidents. In the first half of last century, China was in great turmoil. Without Zhang Boju, national treasures such as Pingtie and You Chuntu would probably fall into the hands of ignorant people, not be cherished, and even be exiled abroad, which would become another pain of China culture. At that time, I didn't know how many national treasures had suffered such a fate.
Speaking of it, the fate of Zhang Boju and the national treasure is very accidental. An old rule changed his life track and contributed to his indissoluble bond with ancient calligraphy and painting.
Zhang Boju, 1898, born in Yanlou, Xiangcheng, is the eldest son of the Zhang family. As the eldest son of the family, his greatest possibility is to inherit his father's inheritance and become a Xiangcheng squire, but his fate has changed because of another person. Six years before Zhang was born, Zhang Jiashi was admitted to Jinshi and left his hometown to become an official. Zhang Boju's uncle seems to have a successful career, but life is always unsatisfactory. His two children died one after another, and he was distressed that he was over forty years old and had no hope of having children to carry on the family line.
In traditional China, there is an unwritten old rule: if a person has no son, he should adopt one of his brothers to carry on the family line, die in old age and inherit the family business, which can be said to be the best of both worlds. At the beginning, Yuan Shikai adopted Yuan, his uncle and the famous Huai Army. Later, Yuan Shikai came last. It was with the support of Wu Changqing, Yuan's sworn brother and famous soldier, that Yuan Shikai got the opportunity to display his talents. According to this old rule, brother Zhang turned his attention to it. 1905, he left the Zhang family in Yanlou with his son and came to Tianjin to give his 7-year-old pony to Zhang. Since then, he has lived in Tianjin, Beijing and Shanghai, far from home, and became Zhang's son.
Zhang Yisheng is in a political whirlpool. Although experienced ups and downs, but also accumulated a lot of contacts. According to his wish, Zhang Boju's greatest possibility is to enter the army, politics or finance. But it happened that he was not interested in those, but fell in love with the piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, fell in love with the tone of the literati, and became one of the famous "four sons of the Republic of China". 1926, by chance, he fell in love with ancient calligraphy and painting and never stopped.
Fortunately, after a series of accidents, more than 65,438,000 cultural relics escaped the fate of being scattered overseas because of the appearance of Zhang Boju. These are precious cultural relics, which contain the essence of China traditional culture. If they are presented to us, it is impossible for us to have a sense of national cultural pride.
Einstein said, "There is no such thing as luck. It seems that the most accidental accidents are inevitable. " In order to keep more ancient calligraphy and painting in China, Zhang Boju poured all his energy, intelligence and financial resources, sold his property and borrowed money everywhere, and was denounced as a "black sheep". In the eyes of many people, he became a "monster".
Get rid of the political vortex
1905, at the age of 7, he left Xiang's hometown and came to Tianjin, becoming the son of Zhang, the envoy of salt transportation. Xiao Boju, with fine features and smart eyes, called out "Mom and Dad" in a strong Henan dialect, and the Zhang couple immediately beamed. In the later days, Zhang Boju, who is quiet, handsome and sensible, won the love of the couple.
Soon, I began to think about Zhang's education for his son. At that time, the imperial examination had just been abolished, and new schools appeared like mushrooms after rain. Zhang donated a lot of money to run a new school, but for the sake of his son, he was still willing to follow the old-fashioned tutor and ask famous teachers to enlighten him.
"Be quiet before learning; If you don't learn, you can't learn widely, and if you don't stay still, you can't succeed. Strong righteousness, weak remonstrance. Born in sorrow, died in happiness ... "Zhang Boju fluently recited The Augmented Sage, which amazed the teacher. Private school education begins with three-character classics and thousand-character texts. Xiao Boju's memory is amazing and he almost memorized it. Seeing that he was unusually clever, the teacher specially added books such as Zhu Xi's family instructions, but it was still very relaxed. The teacher couldn't help praising Zhang: "This son is very clever and will be great in the future!" After listening to this, Zhang was very happy and paid more attention to the cultivation of his son. By the age of 9, Zhang Boju was already able to write poetry, and he had memorized a book, China's View on Ancient Literature, which won the reputation of "child prodigy" for a while.
It is said that Yuan Shikai was dismissed from office in the late Qing Dynasty, and his father Zhang paid 302,000 yuan. "At the same time, tell Yuan that I will take good care of Yuan's family life in the future. Please rest assured." (Zhang Boju's "Salt Bank and My Home") Yuan's article obviously does not admit to donating silver. According to the memories of Tu, the former director of salt affairs, and the former captain of the salt affairs anti-smuggling team, Zhang did have three hundred and two thousand pieces of silver from Yuan Shikai, but it was not when Yuan stopped, but when Yuan re-entered the customs.
Li, Liu and others wrote: "On the 14th day of the first month of 19 12 (March 2), the Beijing-Tianjin and Baojun armies mutinied and plundered one after another, and all the mint, pawn shops and households were spared. However, there were 302,000 silver in the bank of Salt Transportation Bureau, all of which were treasures, and the former battalion commander was arrested. At that time, Zhang will be transferred to the governor of Henan Province as a salt carrier, but the salt carrier has not yet taken over, and Huang Fengchi will be responsible for the affairs of the Transportation Department. On the fifteenth day of the first month, the day after the robbery, Huang took twelve treasures, totaling 620 yuan, and gave them to the inspector general of the anti-smuggling headquarters as a reward for the guards. Liu handed them over to the commander Song Mingshan for handling. Song gave Liu two ingots. Zhang actually took this opportunity to personally send all the money to Beijing and give it to his cousin Yuan Shikai as political capital. " There are some mistakes in the article, such as Zhang has served as the direct governor instead of the salt messenger, and Yuan is not Zhang's cousin. However, Liu Xudong's status as a contracting party cannot be ignored.
Yuan also wrote about the mutiny. Yuan Yun: "The mutiny in Tianjin was due to Zhang's cowardice and incompetence. Tianjin is close to the capital, which is not only chaotic, but also slightly unprepared; Both have changed and cannot be contained. What changed was the guards of the Ministry of Supervision. It was the night sky team that came out, burned and looted the market, entered the Beiyang Mint and looked for its silver bars in the relocation department. If he can't count the fur and gold beads of mink and fox skin, he sells them in the company. Zhang knew, but didn't say it. Instead, he gave each guard 20 gold to reward him for saving the guards. After the chaos, those who slaughtered and fired warning shots, or stole a dress or picked up a shoe, were mostly innocent. Zhang Zhi rebelled as far away as Si Ji, and Jin Min was wronged. " Historians have always had different backgrounds to protect the mutiny in Beijing and Tianjin and cover up Yuan's difficulties, which is also his father's explanation. Yuan Jiabin, the grandson of Yuan Shikai, said that according to his father Yuan Keduan, the Beijing mutiny was initiated by Yuan and Cao Kun in collusion with the aim of preventing Yuan Shikai from going to Nanjing to be the president. Yuan Xuejing, the daughter of Yuan Shikai, also has the same statement as Ke Duan. So, was Ding Ke secretly instigating the Pingjin mutiny? As the executor of the will, Zhang is also to blame. Yan Fei: Well, Boju 15 years old lives with his father in the governor's office. But Boju's memory is not as good as mutiny and donation of silver. Did he deliberately avoid it?
Boju's "Su Yue House Yu Lian" records the couplet in the lobby of Zhili Governor's Office, "Give the first herd of livestock, it must be on the wing of Weiping." Boju praised his "language classic village". However, the politics of the Governor's Office is the same as the previous two times, and it is impossible to find out.