1, tropical rain forest climate, roughly between north and south latitude 10 degrees, Congo River basin in Africa, Amazon River basin in South America, Indonesia in Asia. It is controlled by equatorial low pressure, high temperature and rainy weather all year round.
2. Tropical grassland climate, latitude 10- Tropic of Cancer, most parts of central Africa, northern and eastern Australia, Brazil Plateau in South America, etc. Controlled alternately by equatorial low pressure and trade winds, it is warm and hot all year round, especially in dry and wet seasons.
3. Tropical monsoon climate, latitude10-the east coast of the mainland between the Tropic of Cancer, Indochina Peninsula in Asia, Indian Peninsula and other places. Controlled by subtropical high and trade winds. It is formed due to the shift of the position of pressure belt and wind belt: the trade wind belt is generally dry, but in the southwest of China and India, the northeast monsoon from the mainland blows in winter, which is relatively dry. In summer, due to the northward shift of the direct point of the sun, the southeast wind in the southern hemisphere crosses the equator and deflects to the right into southwest wind under the influence of the earth's rotation deviation. The southwest wind from the ocean is rich in precipitation. So there are obvious dry and wet seasons.
4. Tropical desert climate, roughly located in the western and inland continents between the Tropic of Cancer and -30 degrees, the Sahara desert in Africa, the Arabian desert in Asia and the Australian desert. Controlled by subtropical high or trade winds. The annual temperature is high, with little rain and long sunshine.
There are two types of subtropical climate:
1, subtropical monsoon climate, located on the east coast of the mainland between 25-35 degrees north and south latitude, south of Qinhuai line in China, and east coasts of North America, South America and Australia. Northwest wind prevails in winter and southeast wind prevails in summer. It is hot and rainy in summer, mild in winter and less in precipitation.
2. Mediterranean climate, located between 30 degrees and 40 degrees north and south latitude on the west coast of the mainland, between 30 degrees and 40 degrees on the west coast of North and South America, and in the southwest corner of Australia and Africa. Summer is controlled by subtropical high, with little rain, and winter is controlled by westerly belt, with much rain. So summer is hot and dry, and winter is warm and humid.
There are three types of temperate climate:
1, temperate monsoon climate, mainly distributed in the east between 35 and 50 degrees north latitude, the east between 35 and 50 degrees in the Asian continent, the northeast, North China, eastern Russia, and northern Japan and Korea. Due to the alternating control of winter wind and summer monsoon, it is cold and dry in winter and hot and rainy in summer.
2. Temperate maritime climate, the western part of the mainland is between 40 and 60 degrees north and south latitude; The western narrow strip of western Europe, North America and South America. Controlled by the west wind all year round, it is warm and humid. So it's not cold in winter and not hot in summer. It is humid all year round, with more rain in winter.
3. Temperate continental climate, mainly inland areas, Eurasia and North America. Because it is not affected by the ocean all the year round. So it's cold in winter and hot in summer. The temperature changes greatly every year, and it seldom rains all year round.
There are 1 sub-frigid climate types:
1, sub-frigid climate, 50-70 degrees in the northern hemisphere, Eurasia and northern North America. Because of the high latitude, the winter is long and cold, the warm season is short, and the precipitation is less, mostly concentrated in summer.
There are two types of cold climate:
1, tundra climate, distributed in Eurasia and the northern edge of North America. The latitude is high, so the winter is long and cold, and the summer is short and cool.
2. Ice sheet climate, distributed in the Antarctic continent and some islands in the Arctic Ocean. It is very cold all year round, and the earth is covered with thick ice and snow.
Alpine and plateau climate
It is distributed in high mountains and plateau areas, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Andes in South America. The temperature decreases with the increase or decrease of height, and the vertical change of climate is obvious, with strong sunshine and strong wind.
Pay attention to special climate types:
1, monsoon climate: tropical, subtropical and temperate monsoon climate, located on the east coast of the mainland.
2. Temperate maritime climate: located on the west coast of the mainland at 40 -60 degrees.
3. Mediterranean climate: located on the west coast of the mainland at 30 -40 degrees.
Pay attention to the climate in special areas:
Tropical desert climate in Indus Valley of South Asia.
Tropical monsoon climate in South Asia and India.
Monsoon climate in eastern China.
The temperate maritime climate of the North Atlantic and the west coast of Europe.
The tropical desert climate on the west coast of South America continent in the South Pacific.