How to draw watercolors? (method)

The basic techniques of watercolor painting are 1, dry painting and wet painting. Using the method of layer coating to color the dry background color does not require infiltration effect, and it can be easily colored repeatedly, which is easier to master and suitable for beginners to practice. Clear physical structure and rich color levels are the specialties of dry painting. Dry coating method can be layered coating, color masking, color collection, dry pen and other specific methods. Layer coating: that is, dry coating, which is applied after the coloring is dry, and the layers of colors represent objects. There are different levels of coloring in the picture, some places can be done at once, and some places need to be done twice, three times or even more, but it is not advisable to count too many times to avoid losing the transparency of color. It can not be ignored that the layers of paint overlap after work, so as to predict the mixing effect of revealing the background color in advance. Mask: In fact, it is also a dry stacking method, and the area of mask color is larger. For example, if several colors in the picture are not uniform enough, you need to mask the colors once to make them uniform. If a piece of color is too warm, a layer of cool color will change its cold and warm properties. The color of the cover should be bright Bo Tu, and it should be re-paved. Generally don't write back, otherwise the color will be dirty with the background color. This method is often used in the process of coloring and the final adjustment of the picture. Color matching: dry color matching means that adjacent colors are painted from their sides after drying, and there is no infiltration between color blocks. Each color itself can also be wet coated to increase variation. This method is characterized by clear outline and bright colors. Dry pen: the pen is less water and multi-colored, and it is easy to fly white when lifting the pen; Drawing quickly on rough paper full of water will also produce flying white. The method of dry pen is often used to show the effect of flash or softness. Dry painting can't just write articles on the word "dry". The picture must still make people feel full of water and wet marks, so as to avoid the problem of dryness and boredom. Wet painting can be divided into wet stacking and wet color collection. Wet overlapping: Wet or partially brush the drawing paper, dry it and then color it, and dry it and then overlap the colors. Proper control of moisture and time will make the effect naturally mellow. Showing the rainy and foggy atmosphere and moist interest is its specialty, which is beyond the reach of some paintings. Wet color matching: this method is often used for color matching near the end of drying, with water color oozing, blurred boundaries and gradual transition of soft colors. When collecting color, the water list should be used evenly, otherwise the water will rush to less places, which will easily lead to unnecessary water stains. Watercolor painting is mostly a combination of dry painting and wet painting. The picture with wet painting as the main part is dry painting, and the picture with dry painting as the main part also has wet painting. The combination of dry and wet painting is expressive, dense and dry, and interesting. 2. The mastery of moisture The application and mastery of moisture is one of the key points of watercolor techniques. Water has the characteristics of infiltration, flow and evaporation in the picture, so you should be familiar with "water-based" when painting watercolors. Giving full play to the role of water is an important factor in watercolor painting. To master moisture, we should pay attention to time, air humidity and water absorption of drawing paper. Time problem: grasp the time of wet coating. If the colors overlap too early and too wet, it is easy to lose their proper shape. If it is too late, the background color will dry, watercolor will not penetrate easily, and the connection will be stiff. Generally, when overlapping colors, the water content of the pen should be less and the colors should be more, which is convenient to grasp the modeling and make it penetrate. If the overlapping color is light, wait until the background color is slightly dry before applying. The dryness and humidity of the air: You can realize that the water dries slowly indoors and evaporates more slowly when painting in wet, rainy and foggy weather outdoors. In this case, draw less water; In a dry climate, water evaporates quickly, so use more water to speed up the painting of color matching. Drawing paper's water absorption degree: According to the paper's water absorption speed, master the water consumption accordingly. When the water absorption is slow, the water can be less, the paper is softer and absorbs water faster, so it is necessary to increase the water. In addition, large-scale rendering of halo colors, such as sky, ground, still life, people background, etc., should use more water, and should use all water; Use less water to describe parts and details. 3. Compared with the techniques of oil painting and gouache painting, the most prominent feature of watercolor technique is the "blank space" method. Some light and white parts need to be "left blank" when drawing dark colors. The transparency of watercolor pigments determines this painting technique. Light color cannot cover dark color, unlike gouache and oil painting, which can be covered with light color and white powder. Pay attention to watercolor works, and you will find that almost every one uses the technique of "leaving blank". Proper and accurate blank or light color will enhance the vividness and expressiveness of the picture; On the other hand, improper blank space will easily lead to trivial and messy pictures. Mark the blank with a pencil before coloring. When coloring, you should skillfully omit the key details, that is, dots and faces. In addition, where the contrast colors are adjacent, the other side should be empty and colored separately to maintain their uniqueness. Some beginners leave unnecessary empty shapes and then paint colors along the outline. Some people leave empty places dead, too rigid, and lose vitality along the outline. Empty is accurate and vivid, and it is the embodiment of skilled skills. Repeated practice in practice makes perfect. 4, brushwork brushwork is the method of using a pen. The use of pens is closely related to the use of water and color. When painting, each stroke contains water and color, or water is less colorful, or color is more than water, or water color is moderate. When the pen moves on the paper, there will be traces, which is what we usually call "brush strokes" You can see the brushwork in painting from the brush strokes. The thickness of the drawing paper, the hardness of the brush and the speed of the brush strokes vary greatly according to the structure of the object, which is a bit wired, rigid and thirsty. Starting from the shape and color of the object, use the pen properly to enhance the plasticity and vividness of the picture. Watercolor painting has a large painting area, and the brush strokes are hidden by the infiltration of water. It feels subtle to reset the color strokes when wet, and the strokes are clearly visible when painting is dry. In the process of coloring, you can't leave the pen for a moment. The closer you get to finishing using the pen, the more important it is, and its brushstrokes are no longer covered and exposed to the viewer. The special technique of watercolor painting is to use special tools, materials and means to produce special effects. Scraper method: Scraping with a common pencil sharpener in the order of coloring is a method of destroying paper and causing special effects. Before coloring, scrape the paper with a knife, light or heavy, wide or narrow, so that part of the paper is destroyed, and after coloring, an image heavier than the surrounding color appears. This is because the shaving area has strong color absorption ability, so it becomes heavier. Blurred images or dimly discernible details showing virtual distance are better. Scrape with a knife when coloring, too much water will produce heavier knife marks, and too little water will produce brighter knife marks when scraping off floating colors. This method can be used to deal with related details. In addition, after the color is completely dry, scratch it on the white paper with a knife, or scratch it lightly or intermittently, showing bright lines, bright spots or smaller bright faces, flashing spots and snowflakes falling in winter. These are illusory, natural and interesting. Crayon method: apply crayons or oil pastels to the relevant parts and then color them. When painting, you can boldly raise your pen, and the waxing place will naturally be empty. It is very effective to describe sparse leaves, night lights and complex crowds, which can get twice the result with half the effort. Suction and washing method: when the color is dry, use absorbent paper (filter paper or raw rice paper) to absorb the color. According to the needs of the effect, you can flexibly grasp the weight and size of the suction, or you can absorb the color first and then paint the light color. Using a sponge or a brush to remove moisture to absorb and wash some parts of the picture also has a different taste, and the effect is the same. Water spraying method: Sometimes, in the rainy weather, the landscape is sketched, and the color of the picture is wet by the drizzle, which is interesting and fascinating. Sometimes water is sprayed before coloring, and sometimes water is sprayed after the color is dry. Just choose a spray-like watering can, because the water outlet is too large and it is easy to destroy the picture effect. Sprinkle salt method: when the color is not dry, sprinkle fine salt particles, which will have a snowflake-like texture after drying. When you sprinkle salt, you should look at the dryness and wetness of the picture, and it will lose its effect after the party. Salt particles should be scattered on the picture at random, and all the efforts before the meeting were in vain. Contrast printing: on the glass plate or smooth paper coated with plastic, the rough colors are drawn first, and then covered on the drawing paper, just like woodcut, the picture is printed with beautiful textures, which is quite interesting. This effect is easy to take effect with fine-grained watercolor paper, which is mainly used for printing and can be turned into intriguing watercolor painting with a little processing. Some of them use printing, and most of them still rely entirely on brushes. Oil pollution method: water and oil are not easy to mix. Using this characteristic, dipping turpentine in color will produce mottled oil stain effect and increase the change of ordinary color block. It is also a fascinating watercolor still life painting method. Different painters have different specific coloring methods. The following are the methods and steps suitable for beginners to practice. The performance of watercolor tools determines the coloring order. Most of them draw bright colors first, then dark colors, from top to bottom and from left to right. At the same time, like gouache and oil painting, it should be from the whole to the part. Why from top to bottom, from left to right? Don't put the drawing board of watercolor painting at an angle close to the upright position, because when it is upright, watercolor is easy to flow and destroy the shape. The angle of the drawing board can be changed according to the need of humidity, and it is generally appropriate to keep it at 30-40 degrees. That's it. After coloring, the water color always flows downwards. So color from top to bottom, which is convenient for color connection. We all draw with our right hands, which makes it easy for the painted colors to come into view, thus taking care of the overall relationship and color effect. Of course, it's not that absolute. After drawing the overall relationship, it is not subject to these restrictions. The coloring order based on dry painting method is: 1. Carefully draft with HB or B pencil, preferably without eraser. Rubbing paper will affect the uniformity of coloring. Highlights and the dividing line between light and dark are understated with a pencil, and after painting, the extra pencil lines are erased with an eraser. 2. Paint for the first time, analyze the general color relationship in advance, analyze from lightness, purity, temperature and other aspects, find out the level, know fairly well, and then start painting. The first pass should not be too light. Grasp the overall color impression and draw 50% to 60% or 70% to 80% of the actual color feeling. Once determined, it is better to draw accurately. This time, except for the blank space, the color basically covers the picture, and the light and shade of the object should not be painted flat, and the general changes should be painted with wet seams. 3. There is no need to add color everywhere in the second pass, and the more correct part of the first pass should be kept. This time, appropriately reduce the water used for color reproduction, further shape the volume relationship and color relationship of objects, and strive for accuracy. 4. Complete the in-depth characterization and adjustment. This step is mainly to sort out, strengthen and add important details, and use the pen decisively to make it more profound and full. Finally, check it. If there is any color inconsistency, you can cover the color correction. Wash and change, and then you can collect the pen. The coloring steps of dry painting are easy to master. When you are a beginner, you should first practice this method and lay a good foundation, regardless of painting landscapes, still life or figures. It is difficult to master the coloring order of wet painting, so you can choose simple still life or scenery to practice first. One painting method is to draw a rough light color first, quickly, grasp the moisture, and draw parts and details while wet. Another painting method must have the ability to grasp the whole, start with the key objects and complete them one by one, or divide the picture into several parts and complete them one by one. The joints were wetted with clear water, and the connection was just right, almost once, and individual details were rich later. The picture can achieve the effect of full moisture, transparent color and endless charm. Some painters can also draw a large area of dark color first, and then draw bright colors and parts to achieve the ideal effect. In short, with a certain description basis and flexible use of various expression methods, we can achieve the realm of "painting accurately"