This poem consists of fourteen sentences, the first four sentences and the middle four sentences are in a short paragraph, and the last six sentences are self-contained, and in these six sentences, every two sentences have a meaning. Among them, the most difficult sentence is the middle sentence "Analysis will decline". Since I heard the Notes on Ancient Poetry and many recent notes, almost no one has fully explained it.
The first four sentences say that I want to be a county magistrate, and I can't bear the old feelings with my neighbors. Well, here's to you. In ancient books, the word "Yong" is often used with verbs such as "Feng", "Cheng", "Yang" and "Hou" because the word "Yong" also contains the meanings of the above words. "Service", pointed out that serving as a county magistrate is for the court. "Serving only" and respecting his official position means taking the appointment of the emperor seriously, so he must take office at the official level. "Imperial Capital" is still called "Imperial City". The first sentence is that he served in the county because he obeyed the king's orders, so he went out to Beijing for a long trip. The second sentence is about the destination. Yongjia is in today's Zhejiang, the land of ancient Ouyue. Although the "phase" of "phase period" refers to each other, it does not necessarily exist. The "phase" here only refers to expectation and intention. "Rest" means rest and accommodation, and it has different meanings when used here. I went to Yongjia as an official, not for a holiday. After taking office, there is no "rest" at all. You should be diligent in your official duties. On the other hand, the author uses the word "rest", which means that the author has not been reused by the court, but is idle; And the author himself doesn't want to make a difference in other counties, just find a remote place to have a rest. This is the "root" of the following "retirement". "Take advantage of this" and take advantage of this opportunity; "Forever seclusion", long-term seclusion. It is irony and complaint to regard officials as "secluded places" and want to live a long life. In fact, Xie Lingyun himself is unwilling to be lonely.
Next, the author wrote that the ship was going to be untied and set off. "go with the flow", take advantage of the tide to rise and fall. I'm leaving Beijing. However, the fourth sentence was repeated, saying that because I missed being close to my old friend, I was reluctant to leave, so I couldn't start for a while. This description of wanting to stop is not purely about action, because the ship is finally untied and set off; But writing about psychological activities means that you should go but don't want to, and you can't help but go if you don't want to. On the surface, it is reluctant to part with relatives and friends in the neighborhood, but in fact it is a love stack for the "Imperial Capital". It speaks for itself after reading the following.
The above is the first paragraph, and the following four sentences are the second paragraph. The sentence "analysis" is both realistic and vivid. At this time, the ship has already sailed forward, and what I saw on the way should be a real scene; But if it is linked with the words "love", it is another bi xing. "Analysis", the wind blows the tree down. "Just declining forest", Ye Xiaoxue's "Selected Poems of Xie Lingyun" notes: "Just, head on. The Woods on the shore are motionless, and the ships on the river are rushing with the wind. Looking at the Woods on the shore on the boat, I can't feel the boat moving, only seeing the Woods approaching. " This statement is quite poetic, but not necessarily accurate. According to Ye Yi, the subject of "Nine" in "Nine Fallen Forests" should be a boat and a boatman; Ye's explanation has become an inverted sentence, a "declining forest", and its logic is chaotic; If compared with the following, "Jiao Jiao" and "Ming" are adjectives of "Qiuyue", and other words are not strictly opposed except "Analysis" and "Jiao Jiao". And "declining forest" is also a word, which cannot be compared with "autumn moon". If the word "autumn" is pointed out in the next sentence, there is no doubt that the last sentence is also autumn scenery. In July of the lunar calendar in 422 AD, Xie Lingyun left Beijing for Shangjun. Although it is autumn, the leaves have not withered. At this time, it seems inaccurate to call the forest "decline". So it should be read "In Decline" Lin Shihe. Those who "decline in the forest" have already shown signs of decline and are developing towards the trend of decline. What I heard was the sound of the wind blowing on the leaves, and I felt that it was autumn again, and the originally lush trees withered from now on; What I see is the bright autumn moon. The night of the author's departure is July 16, which coincides with the full moon, so it is more realistic. This is actually a gap from the first paragraph, that is, skipping the stage that the ship has been untied and the people have left the shore, and writing about the scenery on the way. In the "sentimental" sentence, the old note talks more about the author's self-description, while the "thing" of "meeting things" talks about the forest and the moon. In fact, these two sentences are contrary to the above. "Sentimental" sentence means "moon" and "in trouble" sentence means "forest", but at the same time it is borrowed from the outside to express the inside story, and the essence is to write about the changes and feelings of one's own thoughts and feelings. July 16, the first month is full of joy, and the author thinks: because the month is also full of affection, although it often has ups and downs, every month is always full of joy. It seems that this is not difficult. Just like an affectionate person, when there are joys and sorrows, feelings naturally overflow, which is also a manifestation of self-control. In other words, if you move out of the imperial city and go to Yueou, although you have already made it, you are still "nostalgic" and "not fat", which is precisely the performance of "easy profit". But it's hard to rest when something happens, that is, the so-called "trees want to be quiet but the wind won't stop" in Han Shi Zhuan. "Things" refers to "wind", which means that the sound of trees can't stop because of the wind. For example, I don't want to move out of the county, but I have no choice but to set sail on the road. Old annotations may separate scenery language from emotional language, or quote Laozi and Zhuangzi, so it is difficult to ask. I'm afraid it's illogical. Speak contemptuously, and you will have a good impression when you see the scenery, and the turning point will be more natural and the level will be clearer. So I am not afraid to spend money, so I will analyze it as above.
The last six sentences, the third paragraph of the poem, point out the main idea of bidding farewell to the neighborhood, that is, as the end of the poem. But every two sentences in the middle are a layer. The phrase "accumulation" starts from oneself, and the phrase "providing for the aged" is not only related to going to the county seat, but also echoes those who come to see me off. The last sentence "encourage each other" seems to be a farewell to your neighbors, but it actually shows your nostalgia for Kyoto and your unwillingness to be lonely. Some people think that Xie Lingyun's landscape poem turns into a boring tail at the end, but this poem is just the opposite. It is from the last two sentences that the author reveals the deep inside story. Let's start with "cumulative malnutrition". Because of illness, I can't think about life, so I can only "thank you". The implication is: I will follow the fate and be right about whatever I like. The next sentence says that I am indifferent to fame and fortune and have no desire at all, so I don't feel anything unsatisfactory. The implication is that I don't want to covet anything because of my poor health, so it doesn't matter whether I stay in North Korea or become a foreign county. Seemingly broad-minded, but in fact there are complaints. Then he went on to say the second floor. He thinks this is a good opportunity for him to hide and stay away from the world for a long time. It seems that neighbors who have been with the emperor, the capital and the capital for a long time will break up for a long time, not just a year or so. In fact, these two sentences also hide dissatisfaction. The implication is that the emperor has moved himself out this time and there is no hope of returning to Kyoto. His sense of loss really surfaced. There are two last sentences. The last sentence is: We should encourage each other, and we can all reach the level of "innovation" before we can be volunteers in this life. Rixin and Zhouyi are common. For example, Big Livestock says, "Rixin is its virtue." The copula reads: "A new day is called victory." There is also a statement in the Book of Rites University: "New is new, and change is new." It's all about moral cultivation. The next sentence says: I hope relatives and friends still communicate frequently. Only by getting information frequently can we comfort our loneliness. Silence, like silence, also means silence and loneliness. These two sentences also belong to poems that invisibly reveal their thoughts and feelings of loving Kyoto and politics. Since a person has been "concerned about the country and the people" and "lacking knowledge" and intends to "live in seclusion forever", there is no need to "learn from each other". He believes that only letters from relatives and friends in Beijing can comfort his "silence", which shows that what he calls "eternal seclusion" is only a complaint, not the truth. It can be said that the author's real thoughts and feelings are that he doesn't want to leave the imperial city for health, but he says a lot of pretentious and lofty words in his poems; It is in this self-righteous poem that he reveals his dissatisfaction with being forced to be a county magistrate and having to leave the capital. This is not only Xie Lingyun's own specific thoughts and feelings, but also Xie Lingyun's own poems can write his specific complex and contradictory thoughts and feelings. Only from this place can we really understand Xie Lingyun and his famous landscape poems.