Southern Song Dynasty Blue and White Yu Lian Bud Bottle The tomb of Shi Shengzu unearthed from Quzhou Museum in the tenth year of Xianchun in Southern Song Dynasty (1274).
After thousands of years' development, the jade articles in the Southern Song Dynasty moved towards secularization. The Southern Song Dynasty witnessed economic development, urban prosperity, developed commerce and trade, and prosperous handicrafts. The consumer demand of emerging citizens is constantly improving, and there are many folk jade grinding workshops and shops that buy and sell jade articles.
The jade belt of the Southern Song Dynasty was unearthed from the tomb of Zhu Xiyan, assistant minister of the Southern Song Dynasty Ministry of Industry in Xiuning, Anhui Province, and was collected in the Anhui Provincial Museum.
Warm and delicate things are suitable for both men and women.
Pearl ornaments such as jade, crystal and agate were unearthed in male tombs in the Southern Song Dynasty, indicating that they were male pendants.
Jade wares of Southern Song Dynasty, Xiuning, Anhui Province, tomb of Zhu Xiyan, assistant minister of Southern Song Dynasty, unearthed in Anhui Museum.
In the fifth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 169), a carved jade pendant was unearthed from the tomb in Xinchang, Zhejiang Province. It was shaped like a drop of beads with a heart at the bottom. A pair of mandarin ducks swam in the same direction between the lotus ponds, only looking back at each other.
Hunan TV Station's "Oriental Treasure Hunt" national large-scale sea election: "15574857543"
Registration address: the third floor of Hunan TV Station, Deya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province
The lotus pond is full of arrowhead leaves and lotus leaves, and a graceful lotus flower is blooming at the top, and the gap between petals can be used to tie flowers. The whole design is exquisite, full of charming patterns, meticulously carved and lifelike. Jade pendants with the same pattern were also unearthed in the new rock climbing field of Jinhua Normal University, Zhejiang Province.
In the fifth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 169), the jade carving of the Southern Song Dynasty fell into the main road in Xinchang, Zhejiang Province, and was unearthed from the tomb of Ji Jia and collected in Xinchang Museum.
In wine and literature, treat guests with jade.
In the Song Dynasty, people drank more silverware, and restaurants often used complete sets of silverware to entertain guests. And it is better to pour wine in a seemingly airtight jade cup.
The Southern Song Dynasty White Jade Lotus Cup was unearthed from the tomb of Shishengzu in the tenth year of Xianchun in Southern Song Dynasty in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province (1274) and collected by Quzhou Museum.
The Southern Song Dynasty White Jade Lotus Cup was unearthed from the tomb of Shishengzu in the tenth year of Xianchun in Southern Song Dynasty in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province (1274) and collected by Quzhou Museum.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, many school supplies were unearthed in tombs all over the country. Besides pens, ink, paper and inkstones, there are also pen containers, paperweights, water seals and so on. Among them, jade furniture for study is a new trend.
"Mo Yuan" was written by Bai in Southern Song Dynasty, Jianzhong Village, Jiangning, Nanjing, the tomb of Shaoxing in the 25th year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 155), and was collected by Nanjing Museum.
"Mo Yuan" was written by Bai in Southern Song Dynasty, Jianzhong Village, Jiangning, Nanjing, the tomb of Shaoxing in the 25th year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 155), and was collected by Nanjing Museum.
How to identify jade articles in Song Dynasty
(1) moire fringe
There are many moire patterns on jade and bronze wares in Song Dynasty, which are also explained in the Three Rites Map. There are roughly the following types: Three Gorges Cloud. It is divided into two parts: Yuntou and Cloudtail. There are three small cirrus clouds in the cloud head, two of which roll to both sides and the other is at the intersection of the two. Cloudtail is like a wave with a very sharp end. There is a longitudinal centerline in the middle of the tail. Single cloud is divided into Yuntou and Cloudtail. The cloud head is approximately in the shape of a plum blossom petal and rolls to the right. Cloudtail is short and sharp, like a wave. Bifurcation The cloud head is partially bifurcated, rolled to both sides, and the tail is short, sharp and fluttering. Ganoderma lucidum cloud, which is similar to the carving method of Ganoderma lucidum in Song and Yuan Dynasties, is similar to a long sacrificial model, with two ends rolled in and the middle wrapped around.
Fish Feitian
(2) Fish pattern: The characteristics of fish pattern have been roughly recorded in Fish Style Pei, mainly including body shape, mouth, eyes, scales, fins and tail.
Generally, the body shape is simple, the fresh fish is slightly stiff, the scaleless fish is long, the back half is bent, and the body shape is very lively. Yu Pei fish's mouth is spherical, with a thick negative line, and there is a deep ditch between the mouth and the head. There is a long concave arc on the gill of fish, which is connected from the eye or slightly higher than the eye. Fish-eye small round pit, open wire double ring, negative wire ring, circle eye arc and so on. Fish scales are generally fine-negative grid, and there are also half-moon fish scales with short arcs. Most dorsal fins are serrated, and each notice has a short double negative line. The fin on the arm is engraved with a straight line. The typical fish tail is fan-shaped or two-steep, the fan-shaped fish tail is slightly twisted and flexible, the tail has a slender and uniform negative line, and the edge is serrated. The double-sucking fish tail is shaped like a "human" with slender yinxian on both sides.
Song Laoyu Yulong Guajian
(3) Bird pattern: mainly manifested in the shape, species and the specific performance of the mouth, eyes, feathers and tail. Generally speaking, jade birds in Song Dynasty have simple heads, big heads and thin necks, especially mandarin ducks. Some birds have feathered mouths with triangular tips and sharp backs. The eye manifestations are as follows: slender Feng Dan limit, small round pit eye, intaglio triangular eye. Feathers are mostly concave carved slender lines, and there are one or two concave carved horizontal lines on the wings. Feathers of fine products are convex and nucleated. Carefully carved feathers are arranged in scales, and the scales are engraved with patterns such as "small" and "I". The bird's tail has a peacock's tail with a curly grass (forked to both sides, such as creeping weed) and beads (each bead has an arc depression). Fine concave tail, three serrated tails.
White jade with brown spots in the Song Dynasty's "Ruiniao Penglian"
Song Yu Rui bird
(4) rolling grass patterns; Bifurcated, rolled to both sides, or slightly convex in the middle.
(5) Animal face patterns: There are many back patterns on jade articles in Song Dynasty, and there are also animal face Yu Pei. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the structure of the back pattern of jade in Song Dynasty. Here are some examples of different types of animal faces in the Song Dynasty: five animal faces unearthed from Guangyuan tombs in Sichuan Province, with intaglio lines, horizontal eyebrows, curled inner eyebrows, hooked clouds and noses, and hooked clouds rolled down at both ends.
(6) dragon pattern; The dragon patterns in the Song Dynasty are very distinctive and there are many kinds. Generally speaking, the corners of the mouth are big and backward, the upper lip is thin and long, the peach on the lip rolls forward, the long-haired dragon whiskers seem to be separated from the shoulders by a thick line, the thighs seem to have flame lines, the dragon body is fresh or phosphorus-free, and the thallium tail has three toes and three feet.
(7) Stigma: the head is narrow, long or wide, the five senses are concentrated in the front of the head, the structure is simple, and the ears are rolled in the forehead; Long hair floats backwards, and herringbone shoulders and legs are bent into concave hooks.
Collection and great interest of investors.
(1) production tools. Jade was used as a production tool when it was born. The Neolithic sites such as Dawenkou culture and Liangzhu culture have unearthed jade chisels, axes and other production tools, and some of them have traces of use, indicating that they have been used in production or war.
Two sacrificial vessels. In the middle and late Neolithic period in China, jade ritual vessels occupied an important position. Primitive ancestors believed that jade had the function of communicating with gods. In the slave society, jade served the royal family as a symbol of ceremony. Sacrificing jade to gods is one of the important functions of jade.
Three decorations. The custom of carrying jade ornaments began in the Neolithic Age. In Shang dynasty, jade ornaments were also very common. There are a large number of hair ornaments, headdresses, neck ornaments and waist ornaments in the tombs of men and women in Yin Ruins. During the Warring States period, a group of jades appeared, which was composed of different types of jades in series. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, wearing jade articles became a common fashion. After the Han Dynasty, especially in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the types and forms of jade decoration became richer and more exquisite, and the decoration of jade gradually became its main social function.
④ Signs of power, rank and wealth. The jade unearthed from Xinle and Hemudu primitive cultural sites has shown the phenomenon of showing power and rank with jade, while the jade unearthed from Liangzhu cultural site has shown a trend of serialization. It shows that during the Liangzhu culture period, the society has been divided, the ruling group has been formed, and it is exercising political, military, religious, family and other ruling powers. Every dynasty has strict regulations on what kind of ritual vessels to hold and what kind of jade ornaments to wear, so as to avoid confusion and overstepping the ranks. Jade is not only a symbol of power and rank, but also a display of wealth. It is also often used as a bribe or gift, as a reward or as collateral or exchange, so jade has always been valued by aristocratic ruling groups in history.
⑤ Funeral. Buried jade refers to those jade articles buried with the body, not all jade articles buried in the tomb. Hunan TV station's "Oriental Treasure Hunt" national large-scale sea election: "15574857543" Neolithic jade buried with the body. By the time the imperial power dominated in Qin and Han dynasties, under the influence of filial piety and heavy burial, jade burial with thousands of years of history had been perfected day by day. The custom of jade burial is an important cultural connotation of jade. The most typical jade burial object is the gold, silver and jade clothes wrapped in the Han Dynasty.
6 auspicious powder. Jade, as an ancient ritual vessel, originally meant to pray for good luck.
In ancient times, the so-called "overwhelming Pei", such as Mao Gang, Mao Yan, Sinanpei and Jade, was mainly used to avoid disasters. Blessing and avoiding disasters is the common aspiration of ancient and modern mankind. People think that jade can play the role of seeking good fortune and avoiding evil, avoiding evil and ensuring peace, which embodies human yearning for a better life. This concept has formed the custom of historical and cultural accumulation.
⑦ Symbol of moral integrity. Since the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, with the changes of the social system, the ruling class worships jade in order to maintain social stability and consolidate the state power, and advocates "a gentleman wins the jade by virtue of virtue" from the social concept. As a symbol of moral integrity, jade has attracted more and more attention.
8 synonymous with good things. The earliest jade articles were decorations. Jade has been associated with beauty from the moment it appeared, and "jade" has become a symbol of all beautiful things. Modifiers with "jade" as beauty can be found everywhere in ancient literature.
9 drugs. Eating jade can lead to health and longevity, which is a popular view in ancient China. The so-called "jade liquid and jade liquid", "fairy jade paste", "jade paste", "jade fat", "jade block" and "jade piece" in ancient times all refer to edible jade products. And its effect is "serving for many years without getting old"
Attending the collection value. Due to the above functions, jade has great collection value and added value, especially precious ancient jade, some of which are priceless. Whether it's picking jade, buying jade, or "picking leaks", it's the most typical "three years not to open, three years to open", and insiders have benefited a lot.