2. Although rhinoceros horn can be peeled off layer by layer, there are no layers of keratin;
Under normal circumstances, rhinoceros horn smells, but it doesn't.
Cross section of horn
Rhinoceros horn is the most precious tooth horn material.
The tip of rhinoceros horn is the best, most tender and most precious part of rhinoceros horn.
Since ancient times, rhinoceros horn has been treasured not only as a rare spiritual thing to ward off evil spirits, but also as a medicinal function to detoxify and reduce fever (for example, in Compendium of Materia Medica, rhinoceros is the best medicine).
Rhinoceroses are divided into Asian rhinoceroses and African rhinoceroses.
Because rhinoceros horn is cold, it was a good medicine for treating fever in ancient times when medical conditions were not very developed.
In addition, it can also be carved into a plaything, which becomes a symbol of power status because of its rarity.
After a lot of hunting and cutin interception, Asian rhinoceros disappeared in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
The rhinoceros and new rhinoceros horn carvings we can still see are all from north-central Africa.
First, identification of rhinoceros horn
It is not difficult to identify rhinoceros horns, but because rhinoceros horns are very rare, ordinary people have few opportunities to get started.
So many collectors and antique dealers have to guess.
Please see that the surface grain of rhinoceros horn is very similar to the grain of bamboo, so it is called "bamboo silk grain";
But the cross section of rhinoceros horn has the texture of hair follicle skin that bamboo does not have.
Its oblique section feels like goose bumps, so its lines can also be called "hairlines"
This kind of grain is difficult to forge, and neither imitation nor synthesis of horns has this feature.
Fish egg pattern
Fish egg pattern
Fish egg pattern
(It can only be said that it may be the roe pattern of rhinoceros horn) (one of the characteristics)
Fish-seed pattern of rhinoceros horn (but hoof also has this pattern)
Asian rhinoceros horn caviar pattern (with a small dot in the pattern) is very similar to donkey hoof material.
Pay attention to identifying genuine products, such as those with white spots in the middle.
Usage: light the lamp, then smooth the caviar pattern and light it again. There's more here.
It's true.
Standard rhinoceros horn cup stripes
First: the caviar pattern should be obvious, and the kind that stands out should be all over the body.
As long as it is a cross section, it should be complete. Even the polished place is in the light.
Second: the bamboo silk pattern must be obvious and spread all over the body.
Third: the caviar pattern should be obvious when the slope changes.
It's also the kind that stretches out.
This kind of high imitation has not been seen in the market at present. )
Fourth: the whole body should have a sense of gully.
It's hard to say without these.
It may be a new work or a high imitation.
Fifth: in terms of smell, there is no smell at ordinary times.
It needs grinding, and it is a faint fragrance.
There is no fishy smell. If there is a smell, most of them are imitations, which have the smell of traditional Chinese medicine and fishy smell. And everything that smells of sesame oil is fake.
Only tasteless.
It can be genuine.
If you put it in a box and take it out, it will smell good.
But the world has never seen it, and I don't know how it tastes.
So at this point, only professionals can break the rhinoceros horn by taste.
Otherwise, it will be difficult.
Or there should be a standard sample to compare smells.
Qinggan Su Long rhinoceros horn cup
Sixth: the weight is very light.
The texture is light, maybe only about one gram per cubic centimeter. Think about it.
Is his volume calculated by trial calculation consistent with his gravity?
It's ridiculous to gain a few kilograms and hundreds of grams at every turn.
It's almost a kilo.
The rhinoceros horn cups are mostly tens of grams, and some are 100 grams, which is not very heavy.
Seventh: I don't need to introduce this. I just looked at it with the light, then polished it, and then looked at it with the light to see if there was any caviar pattern.
This method is commonly used by experts. No introduction is needed. It should be understandable.
As long as the bamboo silk pattern is obvious and denser than the hoof material, there is a great possibility of authenticity of caviar pattern.
If there are holes in the lighting, that is, honeycomb holes, then polish them before lighting. The rest must be genuine.
The tasteless kind ... is absolutely true ... (Asian rhinoceros is an exception, because rhinoceroses have no honeycomb holes and can only be identified by smell and other characteristics)
Ordinary robot caviar pattern fake rhinoceros.
The caviar pattern is concave. The mechanism is obvious.
This fake rhinoceros is made by a laser engraving machine. The concave caviar pattern is not absent, but very few.
Most of them are prominent.
A common fake rhinoceros with handmade caviar patterns.
Handmade caviar patterns appear in large high imitation. Watch out, hundreds of thousands will be empty and cheated.
Even auction houses are selling fake rhinoceros horn cups and so on.
Note: Cutting caviar noodles diagonally is not to change the caviar pattern.
Be careful if it is standard. You can't just look at bamboo silk patterns.
rhinoceros horn
rhinoceros horn
Not rhinoceros horn
Not rhinoceros horn
Not rhinoceros horn
Rhinoceros horn products appear in Chinese mainland: Shanghai, Nanjing, Beijing, Shenzhen, Hongkong, Guangzhou and other places, but rarely seen in other cities.
Moreover, more than 90% products on the Internet are fake, and there are few high-quality imitations.
Most of them are hooves, oyster horns, hooves and oyster horns, which are easy to identify. Our focus is on high imitation.
The difference between rhinoceros horn (one of the most common imitations of rhinoceros horn) and rhinoceros horn is also reflected in the bottom section and color.
Look at the bottom of the horn.
It has an annular keratin layer. This is the characteristic of horn, and rhinoceros horn does not have this annular keratin layer.
In addition, the horns and synthetic ones tend to be orange-red.
There are honey-colored rhinoceros horns, but there are no orange ones.
Any orange "rhino horn product" must be a fake.
Rhinoceros horn bamboo pattern (wool pattern or sugarcane pattern, but the hoof material is the same, only for reference, depending on the real thing)
Although it is not difficult to distinguish rhinoceros horn from rhinoceros horn,
However, some high imitations of rhinoceros horn that have existed since the Ming Dynasty-rhinoceros horn products covered with rhinoceros horn-need to be carefully identified by collectors.
Maybe it's not rhino horn.
Specification: 2 1.8 cm 720 g cup is finely carved and slightly thick, with a saddle at the top.
There are corn grains and sugarcane grains inherent in rhinoceros horn, which are fishy and slightly astringent.
Lao Niu Hao jiao
Hoof material
Another rhinoceros horn imitation material is black buffalo horn, and its identification method is as follows:
The chassis of buffalo horn is a flat triangle, which is far from the horseshoe shape of rhinoceros horn, and buffalo horn has no characteristics of "gully and mound".
The fishy smell of buffalo horn is light and smelly, which is quite different from that of rhinoceros horn similar to sesame oil.
Buffalo horn is delicate and tough, it will deform after hot pressing and can be processed into various shapes.
In order to pretend to be the thick and straight lines of rhinoceros horn, counterfeiters carved buffalo horn and soaked it with the method of making tendons in the hotel to thicken the lines.
But the "millet" on its cross section can't be made anyway.
Besides, we can also look at its carving, patina, color and so on.
Ming rhinoceros horn carved magnolia cup
Find out the difference between rhinoceros horn and other materials, and then look at the difference between African rhinoceros and Asian rhinoceros.
There are three kinds of rhinos: mountain rhinoceros, water rhinoceros and water rhinoceros.
Like a hairy rhinoceros again
Mountain rhinoceros lives in the mountains, and there are many people.
Water rhinoceros is the rarest thing in and out of the water. It has two horns, a long nose and a short forehead.
Water rhinoceros skin has pearl nails, but mountain rhinoceros doesn't.
Rhinoceros, also known as sand rhinoceros, has no money at the top, delicate arts and sciences, clear white spots and cannot be used as medicine.
There are five kinds of rhinoceros in the world, namely white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, Sumatra rhinoceros, Indian rhinoceros and Java rhinoceros.
Among them, white rhinoceros and black rhinoceros live in Africa.
Sumatran rhinoceros, Javanese rhinoceros and Indian rhinoceros belong to Asian rhinoceros and usually live in northern Pakistan, Assam, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh.
Among them, Indian rhinos only live in Assam in northern India and parts of neighboring Nepal.
Asian rhinoceros and African rhinoceros are easy to distinguish.
One of the identification methods is to look at the rhinoceros horn. Among African rhinoceros (white rhinoceros and black rhinoceros) and Asian rhinoceros, Sumatra rhinoceros has two horns, while Indian rhinoceros and Java rhinoceros have only one horn.
Compared with African rhinoceros, Sumatran rhinoceros is smaller, about 2.4 ~ 2.5 meters long, hairy (also known as pilose rhinoceros), brown or black, and thick skin.
Both male and female animals have double horns on their noses. The front horns are long and the back horns are short, and they are born in a row.
The upper lip is not prominent.
In addition, it can be distinguished from the skin of rhinoceros.
Deep creases can be clearly seen on the skin of Asian rhinoceros, as if wearing armor.
On the other hand, the skin of African rhinoceros is smooth without wrinkles.
Chinese medicine circles call African white rhinoceros horn and black rhinoceros horn wide angle;
Call Indian rhinoceros horn fire rhinoceros horn; Brahman rhinoceros horn and Javanese rhinoceros horn are both buffalo rhinoceros horns.
This may be because Brahman rhinoceros and Javanese rhinoceros like swimming, and they are afraid of touching water for longer than Indian rhinoceros.
The medicinal value of rhinoceros horn is 2-3 times that of rhinoceros horn.
Rhinoceros Rhinoceros has sugarcane-like horns and "small grains of rice" on its cross section (node), with strong fragrance and small volume.
It is a valuable raw material of Chinese patent medicine, such as "Angong Niuhuang Pill".
This kind of rhino horn is the most expensive rhino horn in the world.
Brahman rhinoceros horn chassis such as watermelon seeds; Java rhinoceros horn chassis ellipse.
There used to be a saying in the industry: Look at the grain, the thin line is Asian rhinoceros, and the thick line is African rhinoceros.
The author thinks that the main differences between African rhinoceros and Asian rhinoceros are:
(1) The bottom shape of rhinoceros horn-the oval rhinoceros is Asian rhinoceros, the round rhinoceros is African black rhinoceros, and the nearly rectangular rhinoceros is African white rhinoceros;
(2) The "skirt" next to the concave cavity at the bottom of the rhinoceros horn-Asian rhinoceros is wide and African rhinoceros is narrow.
From the finished rhinoceros horn cup, first look at the shape of the cup mouth.
If it is round (such as a bowl, etc. ), it must be African black rhinoceros, and most of them are African white rhinoceros. If it is oval, consider the possibility of Asian rhinoceros.
This is because rhinoceros horn is extremely precious, and sculptors must consider what to carve according to the shape of rhinoceros horn.
Even if he receives an order to customize what style,
He will definitely find a corner that fits this style.
Instead of processing a rhinoceros horn that does not match the shape, a lot of materials are wasted.
Second, look at the handle.
If the top of the stem is long, but there is no Asian rhinoceros to follow,
Because the Asian rhinoceros has a wide skirt carved with a long handle.
Finally, read aloud.
African rhinos with ultra-deep cavities are probably due to their large size and deep cavities.
Chronologically, although African rhinoceros was imported in Ming Dynasty, rhinoceros horn products are mostly Asian rhinoceros.
African rhinoceros products will not be mass-produced until Qianlong period.
Song Qing Zhu Mei embossed rhinoceros horn cup
In modern times, due to the relatively developed navigation and international trade exchanges, rhinoceros horns were strictly controlled in the Qing Dynasty.
The rhinoceros horn produced in Asia, the central Pacific and other islands is called "secondary horn";
The rhinoceros horn from the distant African continent is called "non-horn".
Because the dock of rhinoceros horn was in Guangzhou at that time, it was also called "wide angle".
The main component of rhinoceros horn is horny organic matter, which is easy to deteriorate, corrode and degrade, and few archaeological excavations have been unearthed.
The above-mentioned "wide angle" refers to the African rhinoceros horn, which is produced in Africa and is dark brown.
Wide angle, also known as Tianma Jiao, can be used for carving handicrafts and medicine, but its effect is not as good as that of Asian rhinoceros horn.
In the past, most of them were imported from Guangzhou and operated by Guangzhou express importers, so it was generally called wide angle.
Wide-angle moire is thinner than rhinoceros horn, and it adheres to each other without honeycomb eyes, fish-seed patterns and grooves, which is one of the remarkable differences from Asian rhinoceros horn.
The carving tools of rhinoceros horn are similar to those of ivory.
It is worth mentioning that the rhinoceros horn can be pulled by hand after boiling in salt water.
Some complex shapes carved by rhinoceros horn are formed by hand pulling.