First of all, the first thing that comes to mind is geographical reasons. Of course, there are also some social factors. Although Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty was a Xianbei, he demanded his own nation to be sinicized, so the advantage of Luoyang came out. First of all, it is located on the south bank of the Yellow River, in a relatively moderate position. The mountains in the south are cloudy and the mountains in the south are sunny. And the location is very concentrated, if it is easier to attack. Geographical reasons are the most important, because facts can also prove that after Emperor Xiaowen moved to Luoyang, the first thing he did was to attack Nanyang in the south.
Chang 'an has been prosperous since ancient times, but it also has many disadvantages. On the map of the empire, he is in the southwest. If Chang 'an is the capital, the main body of the Northern Wei Dynasty is in the southwest. In other words, people from other places need to cross the Yellow River to do business in Chang 'an. It is particularly troublesome to walk hundreds of miles to Chang 'an after twists and turns here. Luoyang is located in the south, and it is very convenient for all localities to mobilize this money and the army is here. But compared with Chang 'an, if there is a famine and the food is adjusted, I'm afraid everyone will starve to death.
And Luoyang is relatively safe in the middle. From all angles, although Chang 'an is good, Luoyang is more suitable.