Broadly speaking, antique architectural forms refer to the re-creation of ancient architectural forms in line with traditional cultural characteristics by using modern building materials or traditional building materials. In a narrow sense, the form of antique architecture refers to the restoration of ancient buildings in a specific range by using traditional building materials, which strictly belongs to the category of cultural relics restoration. Modern architectural technology is used to reflect the appearance of ancient buildings, but we know that due to the limitations of ancient building materials and theories, ancient buildings have no high-rise structures; Therefore, the current antique buildings are mainly single-storey and multi-storey. Modern multi-storey buildings are mostly masonry structures and frame structures. Therefore, the application of reinforced concrete structure occupies a dominant position in antique buildings.
The ancient architecture in China is characterized by taking wood as the main building material and keeping the framework principle. In order to protect the wood, the surface needs painting. In the long-term development and evolution, China ancient architecture has formed a unique color painting system, which amazed the world. In view of the poor fire resistance and short service life of wood structure, it is no longer advocated in today's architecture; The structural form of the frame system is very similar to the existing reinforced concrete frame structure: the transmission path is clear, and the main load-bearing structure is separated from the envelope structure. This shows that the frame structure is the structural form that can best reflect the essence of ancient buildings. This also creates conditions for the flexible layout of indoor space.
China ancient architecture created and used the bucket arch structure. Bucket arch is a unique shape in the ancient architectural system of China. It is not only a structural component that transfers load between beams and columns and undertakes seismic function, but also becomes the main decorative component of buildings with its beautiful and gorgeous shape. The essence of the combination of structural function and decorative function. With the development of modern structural forms and building materials, the bucket arch, an important structural component, has lost its original substantive function when applied to antique buildings, and is only used as an ornamental decorative component. But it is indispensable as a representative component of ancient buildings.
The main mechanical components of ancient buildings can be roughly divided into columns, beams, trusses, purlins and rafters. The direction of force transmission is: roof → rafters → purlins → trusses → beams → columns; The way is clear and the strength is simple. The beam in ancient buildings is simply supported, which is very unfavorable to the earthquake resistance of buildings, so the bucket arch was born; However, in the reinforced concrete structure frame, the beams and columns are rigid, and the beams bear the earthquake action, thus the bucket arch is overhead; At present, most roofing projects adopt cast-in-place integral type, so purlins, rafters and other components have also become unnecessary components and can be cancelled. This will have an impact on the opposite side, so the roofing project of antique buildings has become a key node in the whole project.
The roof styles of ancient buildings are very rich and varied. There are hard peaks and hanging peaks with low grades, and Ding Dian and Xie Ding with high grades. In addition, there are pyramid roofs, shed roofs, fan roofs, helmet roofs, _ roofs, hook roofs, flat roofs, dome roofs and cross roofs. Ding Dian, Xieding Peak and Pyramid Roof have single eaves and double eaves, while Pyramid Roof has round, square, hexagon and octagon. Among these forms, Xieding Mountain is the most widely used in Soviet-style architecture.