I. Scope of distribution
China local dogs are widely distributed in rural areas of Han nationality in China, and many different breeds and subspecies have been formed due to factors such as region, environment and consanguinity. From the analysis of the dog's appearance characteristics and distribution area, China local dogs can be roughly divided into three major strains, namely, northern strain, Jiangsu and Zhejiang strain and Guangdong and Guangxi strain.
1, northern strain
Distribution: From the northeast-Yellow River basin-middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River-Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (excluding ethnic minority areas), it is diagonally distributed from northeast to southwest. Interestingly, the distribution area of this strain coincides with that of the northern Han language family in China.
Features: There are more miscellaneous hairs, fewer dogs with monochromatic and solid hairs, and the ears are used to collapsing (the so-called "front ear collapsing" means that when the ears are placed on the top of the head, they naturally hang down in front of the head when relaxed), often with long hair and large curly tail, which retains the characteristics of more northern dogs.
2. Jiangsu and Zhejiang strains
Distribution: Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces.
Features: Long and upright ears, high ear position, full inner ear hair, slender mouth and limbs, mostly white abdominal hair, few dogs with mixed hair, medium-long hair and close-fitting.
3. Guangdong and Guangxi strains
Distribution: Guangdong as the center, including parts of Guangxi and Fujian.
In addition to Shapi, Chaoshan Datou and Guangdong Songshi, we only look at local dogs. Their characteristics are as follows: the coat color is mainly solid color and monochrome, and there are few dogs with miscellaneous hair; Because of the hot climate, dogs are mainly short-haired, but there are also some dogs with particularly long and thick hair; The ears are small and erect, the tongue is usually black or flowery, and the body is strong and muscular.
The subdivided varieties are:
Lashage
Lhasa is also called Tibetan dog. The name of this dog comes from two sources: one is from Lhasa, Tibet, and the Tibetan Apso means "barking watchdog"; The second statement is Lhapso in Tibetan, because the hair of Lhasa dogs is long and hard, like a steel wire. Lhasa has a history of 2000 years.
Beijing terrier
The origin of Beijing dogs can be traced back to 1500 years ago. As a close relative of Lassa, it is considered to combine the nobility of a lion with the elegance of a cat. Beijing terrier is an oriental variety. It was once regarded as a sacred pet of China court, and ordinary people could not keep it. In ancient legends, it is a dog that can drive away evil spirits. China people worship it as a god, and civilians should salute it. Stealing a dog will be punished by death. When the emperor's frame collapsed, he was buried with the dog to ensure that the emperor could return to the afterlife with him.
Chongqing hound
This breed of dog is native to Linshui, Hechuan, Dazu (Bamboo), Vu Thang, Yuechi and its surrounding areas in Guang 'an, Chongqing. It is commonly known as "Linshui Dog" and is mainly used for hunting. It was once called the East Sichuan hound. After Chongqing was directly under the central government, the word "Chuandong" has a wider meaning. This breed of dog has four functions of hunting, fighting dogs and guarding the home, which is unique to Chongqing. In order to let more people know about this ancient and precious dog breed, Chongqing Pet Association decided to rename it "Chongqing Hound" in April 2000.
Soviet red dog
The popularity of Soviet Union Red in China began in 1980s. Although its name bears the words of the Soviet Union, it is not from the Soviet Union. It was first bred by a Soviet police dog and a local red-haired mongrel dog. It was first bred in Xi 'an, and now the largest breeding area is in Shandong, which is called laizhou red locally.
Tibetan mastiff
Primitive Tibetan mastiffs live in the frigid zone above 3000 meters above sea level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Central Asia Plain, and can be found in Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Nepal and even Xinjiang, Mongolia and Ningxia. Tibetan mastiff has played a very important role in the improvement of many world famous dogs, such as St. Bernard dogs, all of which are of Tibetan mastiff descent. However, over the years, due to the special living environment of grassland and the weak consciousness of herdsmen's bloodline protection, the original Tibetan mastiff and the local sheepdog have merged, making purebred tibetan mastiff less and less.
Tibetan mastiff is the only dog that is not afraid of wild animals because of its tall physique, resolute personality, great strength, brave and amazing memory and residual wildness. According to the introduction of Tibetan compatriots, an adult Tibetan mastiff can defeat three wolves, making leopards candidly admit defeat. Known as the "gutter" in Tibet. After westerners know the magic of Tibetan mastiff, they call it "Oriental God Dog".
Pekingese
Bugs and Beijing terrier originated from an ancestor and are ancient oriental varieties. At the end of 14, they are officially named Bugs, which means "hammerhead", "clown", lion nose or little monkey. In the Han Dynasty, myna was brought back to China by businessmen from all walks of life, and was also loved by the British royal family, with a high status.
Pugs are considerate and lovely puppies. They don't need exercise or regular grooming, but they need company. Its appearance is wrinkled, and it is characterized by walking like a boxer. It is based on humming, breathing and smelling like a horse as a way of communication.
Kunming dog
Kunming dog is a breed bred by Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security. * * * There are three colors: black back, grass yellow and wolf blue. 1953 started breeding, and 1964 was successfully cultivated. The seventh-generation Kunming dog successfully bred in 2005 is the only military and police working dog with independent intellectual property rights in China, which has been widely popularized and applied in 3/kloc-0 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and Southeast Asian countries.
Kunming dogs have strong adaptability to plateau climate, cold environment and high temperature. In China's army and public security criminal investigation front, it is widely used in border patrol, investigation and solving cases, and detection of drugs and explosives.
Song Shiquan
Song Shiquan's real name is xiāo, and his English name is Chow Chow. The name Songshi, which returned to China after going abroad, has a history of at least 2,000 years and can also be seen in some cultural relics of the Han Dynasty. Song Shiquan in ancient times was regarded as the enemy of evil spirits and was always used to guard temples and trailers.
Song Shiquan is the only dog with a blue-black tongue, which is a cross between a Tibetan mastiff and a Samoyed dog. In the past, Song Shiquan was raised as a sled dog, hunting dog and watchdog. /kloc-at the end of 0/8, I went to Europe, America and other places to be an ornamental dog. Song Shiquan is a working dog, a versatile dog, and can be competent for hunting, guarding and towing. Song Shiquan is beautiful, noble and natural, and her typical sad expression adds more interest.
Mongolian mastiff
Mongolian mastiff is a faithful partner of herders. They are fierce, loyal and strong. When in danger, they will attack quietly without giving any warning. It is almost impossible to see them attack each other, but they will attack foreign dogs in groups.
From the Xiongnu period to the present, the temperament of Mongolian dogs has basically not changed. If a rider wants to get close to the herdsmen's tent, he will shout at a place far away from the tent, and he can only dismount after the owner stops the dog.
Xiaquan
Xia Si Dog is the only world-class hound breed in China, and it is listed as the third dog in the world. It is produced in the southeast of Majiang County, Guizhou Province, and its central origin is Sixia Town, so it is called Xiasi Dog according to historical habits. Sixia Town was turned into a commercial port in the 13th year of Jiaqing (1080). During the Republic of China, it has become a prosperous city, an important wharf and an important place for trading living materials. Rich businessmen keep dogs and nursing homes, while Si Xia dogs are loyal to their owners and look after their homes, so they are raised in large quantities and are ideal multi-functional breeds. If trained systematically, it can also become an excellent police dog.
Long-haired puppy
Long-haired thoroughbred dogs are native to China, Shaanxi and Liaocheng. Their heads are long and narrow, conical, streamlined and very beautiful. Long-haired fine dog is an expert in rabbit hunting among China fine dogs. It has super explosive power and lasting endurance, and is very loyal to its owner. It is a good watchdog.
China Sharp.
Sharp is an ancient variety from the south of China, named after its tough fur, and it is one of the most precious varieties in the world. Short and rough fur, loose skin covering the head and body, small ears, a hippopotamus-like snout and a tall tail give Sharp a unique and special appearance.
It has a pleasant and gentle temperament. It used to be an excellent pig hunting dog. After long-term careful cultivation and improvement, it has become a popular fashion companion dog.
Zang Shu
Tibetan mastiff, also known as Kaozi dog, originated in Tibet, is one of the ancient dog breeds in China and an excellent dog breed with mysterious color. It was once used as a monk or companion. Later, it was introduced to Beijing from Tibet and raised in the Qing palace, so it was also called court dog. Although the Tibetan mastiff is called a hound, it has never participated in hunting. This kind of dog is independent and confident, and is a satisfactory companion dog.
China guanmao
Chinese crested, also known as hairless dog, half-haired dog, China naked dog, China royal naked dog and China boat dog, is one of the few hairless dog breeds in the world. This dog was named China Guanmao, because it has a crown on its head, which looks like the hat of a Qing official. Introduced to the United States from 65438 to 0975. It belongs to a toy dog, which is small in size and generally less than 33 cm in height. Its skin color is a variety of colors, such as black background with blue patches and pink background with coffee spots. Chinese crested loves cleanliness, does not shed hair, has a gentle personality and likes to be close to people. He is a pet dog suitable for family keeping.
Shih Tzu
Legend has it that in the middle of the17th century, the Lhasa poodle presented to the Yellow Emperor by the Dalai Lama in Tibet crossed with the Beijing dog and got the Shih Tzu. It was especially loved by the royal family in the Ming Dynasty. 1908 After the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, this kind of dog was smuggled to Europe. Shih Tzu is small and clever, and it is very easy to tame.
Eagle dog
As the name implies, the talon is a bulldog with a long face like an eagle. It is a very rare new breed of dog, the number of which is less than that of giant pandas, and it has three colors: pure white, fiery red and golden yellow. At first glance, the eagle is dignified, has the demeanor of a king, and has a deterrent effect on evil. However, it is very docile and easy to get along with people. It is a kind of dog that all kinds of men, women and children can control.
In addition to the above dog breeds, China dogs include Sichuan Liangshan Dog, China Mountain Dog, Mongolian Elite Dog, Oroqen Hound, Sichuan Qingchuan Dog, Hebei Elite Dog, Hubei Arrow Haired Hound, and Tiger Spotted Dog. They are all good at housekeeping and hunting.