1, coordination of picture scale. As far as a single glass plate is concerned, its aspect ratio is close to that of a gold frame, which is beautiful, and it is not suitable for designing a square or a long and narrow rectangle with an aspect ratio above 1: 2.
2. The facade frame of doors and windows should not only have certain laws, but also reflect changes and seek laws in changes; The grid lines are dense; The division of equal distance and equal size shows rigor, solemnity and seriousness; Unequal free division shows rhythm, liveliness and movement.
3. At least the horizontal frame lines of doors and windows in the same room and wall should be on the same horizontal line as far as possible, and the vertical frame lines should be aligned as far as possible.
4. When designing the facade of doors and windows, we should consider the overall effect requirements of the building, such as the contrast between reality and reality, light and shadow effect, symmetry and so on.
Second, the area ratio of window to wall of building windows in all directions should not be greater than 0.70. When the area ratio of window to wall is less than 0.40, the visible light transmittance of glass should not be less than 0.4.
Second, the door and window safety design
1. Wall thickness requirements of aluminum profiles for doors and windows.
2. Safety design of door and window glass.
(1) glass selection: the glass thickness is determined by calculation and should not be less than 5 mm ..
Safety glass (tempered glass or laminated glass) must be used for doors and windows in the following parts of the building.
(a) External windows of buildings with 7 floors and above.
(b) The area is greater than 1. 5 m 2 window glass.
(c) Floor-to-ceiling windows with the bottom edge of glass less than 500mm from the final decoration surface.
(d) Inclined windows with an included angle of less than 75 degrees from the horizontal plane and more than 3 meters from the indoor floor.
(e) The glass area is greater than 0. 5㎡ frame glass door.
(f) The frameless glass door shall be tempered glass with a thickness of not less than10mm. ..
(2) The lap joint between the glass and the notch and other matching dimensions shall comply with the provisions in Tables 5 and 6 of Aluminum Alloy Window (GB/T8479).
(3) The grooves of the glass and aluminum alloy frame should be in flexible contact with the rubber gasket.
(4) Glass shall be mechanically edged, and the number of grinding wheels shall be above 180 mesh.
3. Selection and design of hardware fittings.
4. The overlapping part between the sash of sliding door and window and the guide rail of upper and lower frames should be no less than 10mm, and safety measures such as anti-falling blocks and anti-collision blocks must be installed to prevent the sash from falling and colliding when it is opened.
5. The height of the lower frame of the movable sash of the external wall of the building from the indoor ground should not be less than 900 mm.. Under special circumstances, if it is less than 900mm, other protective safety measures should be taken (such as adding protective railings, etc.). ).
6. The screws and bolts used for connecting and fixing aluminum alloy doors and windows must be made of high-quality stainless steel products to prevent the screws from loosening due to electrochemical corrosion. Stainless steel screws should be threaded by machine as far as possible, and self-tapping nails should be avoided as far as possible. Threaded connections should be designed in shear state.
7. Doors and windows should be reliably connected and fixed with the wall.
The connection modes of doors and windows and walls mainly include steel frame connection, dovetail iron foot welding connection, dovetail iron foot connection with embedded parts, fixed steel plate nail connection, fixed steel plate metal expansion bolt connection and so on. The thickness of dovetail iron foot should be ≥3mm. The thickness of the fixed steel sheet is ≥ 1.5mm, and the width is ≥ 15mm. The surfaces of all dovetail iron feet and fixed steel plates shall be hot-dipped galvanized. The distance between the fixed points of door and window connection is generally between 300 mm and 500mm, and cannot be greater than 500 mm.
(1) steel frame is suitable for connecting doors and windows with various walls, with high installation accuracy and reliable connection, but the cost is high.
(2) Doors, windows and steel structures can be welded with dovetail iron feet. The connection between the dovetail iron foot and the steel structure is adjusted by welding steel bars or angle codes.
(3) Doors and windows should be connected with light wall by welding dovetail iron feet and embedded parts. Swallowtail iron feet and embedded parts are welded and adjusted with steel bars or angle steel yards.
(4) Doors and windows can be connected with the reinforced concrete wall through fixed steel plate (or dovetail iron feet) nails or metal expansion bolts. When the fixed steel plate is used to connect the fixed doors and windows, the gap between the frames around the doors and windows and the wall should be filled with cement mortar. Cement mortar caulking can make the door and window frame firmly and reliably connected with the wall, which plays an important role in strengthening the door and window frame materials. When the gap is filled with polyurethane foam caulking agent or other flexible materials, dovetail iron feet are used instead of fixed steel plates to ensure the reliability of the connection and fixation of doors and windows with the wall.
(5) Doors, windows and brick walls can be connected by fixed steel plates (or dovetail iron feet) and metal expansion bolts. It is forbidden to use nails to fix doors and windows on brick walls. Like reinforced concrete walls, gaps should be plugged with cement mortar when steel sheets are fixed, and dovetail iron feet should be used to fix them when polyurethane foam caulking agent or other flexible materials are used.