The Imperial Tomb of the Northern Song Dynasty is located on the plateau of gongyi city, Henan Province, covering four towns: Xicun, Zhitian, Chengqu and Huiguo Town. They are 7 kilometers long from east to west and 8 kilometers long from north to south, with more than 65,438+0,000 graves, including those of emperors, queens, princesses, spouses and other relatives. This is a very large tomb group. Among them, there are 2 1 queen, 15 princes' tombs and 7 ministers' tombs in the mausoleum area, including Yang Liulang, Zhao Pu, Gao Huaide, Cai Qi, Kou Zhun and Bao Zheng. Mausoleums were built in the first year of Gander (AD 963), when Song Taizu built them to bury his father. Only two emperors-Song Huizong and Song Qinzong-died in exile in the Northern Song Dynasty due to the invasion of Jin people on 1 127. Each mausoleum is roughly the same in scale and organizational system, and is located in the north and south according to the layout of geomantic omen. It consists of four parts: the Upper Palace, Miyagi, the Underground Palace and the Lower Palace. The Upper Palace is also called the Mausoleum, and in the center is a cone-shaped tomb mound made of rammed earth, which is called the mausoleum platform. Below the mausoleum platform is the mausoleum, also known as the imperial hall. From south to north, it consists of Quetai, Rutai, Shinto, ceremonial stone carvings on both sides, cemetery and underground palace. There are a large number of stone carvings and statues on both sides of the passage along the imperial tomb, including tigers, rams, lions, birds, horns, horses, grooms, civil and military officials, warriors and eunuchs. The imperial tombs in the Northern Song Dynasty are contrary to the condescending tradition of imperial tombs in previous dynasties. Influenced by the geomantic theory at that time, the ground of the mausoleum was all high in the south and low in the north, gradually descending from the Quetai at the southern end, and the central building was placed at the lowest place of the mausoleum, which became the feature of the mausoleum architecture in the Song Dynasty.
The Tangut Qiang people's Xixia mausoleum is similar to that of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the center of the mausoleum group is a pyramid-shaped mausoleum with a truncated tower surrounded by four walls, four central gates and four turrets. It is about100km away from gongyi city, located in Yuxian County, Henan Province. There is a well-excavated Baisha Song Tomb, which is a leader in the construction of underground ancient tombs in the Song Dynasty. The stone carvings in the ancient tomb are all wood-like structures from doors and windows, beams and columns, bucket arches to inner walls. There are two burial chambers in Baisha Song Tomb, and the conical ceiling is as big as the entrance of the underground burial chamber.