Jingzhou starts from Xiaocha Village in Pingcha Town in the south, Shanmen Village in Gantang Town in the north, Baochong Village in Wenxi Township in the east and Tongluo Village in Dabaozi Town in the west. It borders Tongdao County in the south, with a side length of 82 kilometers; The northern part is connected with the mountains in Huitong county, with a side length of 75 kilometers; Suining county is adjacent to the east, with a side length of 44 kilometers; It borders Miao Ling, Guizhou in the west and Liping, Jinping and Tianzhu counties, with a side length of 153km. Jingzhou County is 58 kilometers long from north to south and 68 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 22 10.56 square kilometers, equivalent to 22 1053 hectares, accounting for 1.04% of the total area of Hunan Province. Jingzhou is located in the eastern slope of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with many mountains, hills and basins and diverse landforms. The terrain is steep in the east, west and south, low in the north, and a long and narrow mountain basin in the middle. The whole terrain is inclined from south to north and distributed in a "V" shape. The altitude is 278 ~1173m, the elevation difference is 900m, and the topographic ratio is reduced to 29.3%. The surface fluctuates greatly. The terrain is mainly mountainous, accounting for four-fifths of the county's total area. The plains are the second, the hills are the second, the hills are the third, and the waters are the least. Streams and rivers are densely covered, and the undercutting and weathering of flowing water have significantly shaped the surface, with strong cutting and developed erosion and accumulation landforms.
The mountains on the east and west sides are generally more than 500 meters above sea level, mainly in Zhongshan and middle and low mountains, and the mountains are mostly northeast and parallel to the tectonic line. Indigo Mountain in the east of Jiangdong, with an altitude of1173m, is the highest peak in the county. Due to the high terrain, abundant rainfall and strong downward cutting of water flow, the cutting depth is often 400 ~ 500 meters, and the deepest part is over 700 meters. The slope is generally 30 ~ 40 degrees, with high mountains and deep valleys, overlapping mountains and ravines.
The central hilly basin belt starts from Xinchang in the southwest and passes through Hengjiang Bridge, Pukou, Feishan, County and Genshan Pass. The northeast reaches Taiyangping and the northeast narrow strip of Gan Tang, with an altitude of 300-400 meters. The ground is relatively open and flat, with gentle terrain and hills in the middle. The three large mountain basins of Jingzhou City, Gan Tang and Xinchang are distributed in a beaded shape.
The northern hilly areas, including the central part of Dabaozi Town, Aoshang Town and the western and northern parts of Taiyangping Township, are generally 400-600 meters above sea level, mostly low mountains. Taiyangping Xianchi is only 278 meters above sea level, which is the lowest place in the county. The central open area is Aoshang Valley Basin. Jingzhou County belongs to Yuanshui River Basin, with dense streams and developed surface water system. There are large and small rivers 10 1 km with a rainfall collection area of more than 3 square kilometers, with a total length of 102 1 km, of which 9 rivers are more than 20 kilometers. There are 13 rivers with rainfall collection area exceeding 50 square kilometers. The main rivers from south to north are Qujiang, Sixiang, Hengjiangqiao, Laoya, Feixi, Jiaodi, Jin Tan, Gaojian, Diling and Guangping. The canal, a tributary of the Yuanshui River, runs through the north and south of the Yangtze River and is the largest river in the county. Because the terrain is high in the east, west and south and low in the north, rivers mostly originate from the mountains on both sides of the east and west, flow into Qujiang in the middle, and then flow into Yuanshui River in the north. The whole water system is asymmetric dendritic, forming six major water systems in China.
Qujiang: Also known as Qushui, Furong River and Nanchuan River. It flows around the county town in the east and north, passing through five towns (administrative committees) of Feishan, Quyang, Gan Tang and Taiyangping, surrounded by streams such as Laoyaxi, Jiaodi and Gaojian in the east and Xiaojiangxi, Feixi and Jintan in the southwest. Jingzhou county is 72.5 kilometers long and 70 ~ 150 meters wide, with an average annual flow of 88 cubic meters per second.
Sixiang River: Originating from the mountain beside the southwest soaking field of Pingcha, it flows southeast into the southeast corner of lotus root group, then flows southeast into the new factory, flows eastward from the southeast cave into the channel of Xiuxikou, and flows through Pingcha, lotus root group, new factory 12 village. The total length is 70 kilometers, the drainage area is 6 12 square kilometers, the average gradient is 2.94‰, and the average flow rate is 2.98 cubic meters per second. The territory is 58 kilometers long, with 15 tributaries, mainly Biantuan River, Ma Lukou River, Sanqiao River, Luohe River and Lijiang River, making it the second largest river in the county.
Diling River: commonly known as Dayouxi or Yangxi. Originated in the foothills of Tianlong Mountain in Sanpade, it flows into Pukou from west to east, runs through Aoshang in the middle and north, enters Diling Township in Huitong County from Xianfeng Village, and joins Guangping River in Guangping. The total length is 74 kilometers, with main tributaries 1 1. The basin covers an area of 342 square kilometers, with an average gradient of 3.02‰, an average flow of 2.8 cubic meters per second, and the territory is 56 kilometers long.
Guangping River: Also known as Feng Xiangxi and Gongshui, it originated in Sanjiaoping and descended the mountain. From south to north, it flows through Liquidambar formosana and bamboo shoots into Qianjin Village of Dabaozi, then passes through Buzi, Yanzhai, Huangtan and Yangjia, enters Zhu Lin Township, Tianzhu County, Guizhou Province from Damu Village in the north, turns to Huitong County in the east, joins Diling River and flows into Qujiang. The total length is 83 kilometers, the drainage area is 802 square kilometers, the average slope is 2.78‰, and the average flow is 2.5 1 m3 per second. The territory is 38 kilometers long and has 9 tributaries, including Yanzhai River and Sundi River.
Laoyaxi: also known as Zhaiyahe River, originated in Fenshui 'ao, Dongshan Township, Suining County. Enter the county from Zhaifangtuan Village in the west, pass Zhaiyao, Moshi, Jiangdong City Wall, Xinle Village, go around the foot of Laoyapo and go down to Shuiniantang to enter Qujiang. The total length is 47 kilometers, the drainage area is 280 square kilometers, and the average slope is 3.44‰. The territory is 33 kilometers long, and the main tributaries are Zhongyao Tuanshui and Yanjiao Creek.
Feet to the west: also known as Wenxi. There are two sources in the north and south: the north source comes out of Liang San 'ao, Wenxi Wenxi Village; Nanyuan comes from the eastern foot of Hongling Mountain. The two sources converge at Shangbao, pass through Hong Guang village in Gan Tang to Shazhoutou, and enter Qujiang in the northwest. It has a total length of 26 kilometers and four main tributaries, with a drainage area of 1 15 square kilometers, with an average gradient of 8.8‰ and an average flow rate of 1.3 m3/s. Jingzhou county belongs to subtropical monsoon humid area. The climate is mild, with an annual average temperature of 65438 06.8℃. Rich in calories and long growing period. The annual active accumulated temperature is 665,438+065.8 ~ 4,976.1℃, the average sunshine hours over the years are 65,438+0,336.9 hours, the sunshine rate is 30%, the annual total solar radiation is 99.33 kcal /cm2, and the frost-free period is 290 days. The average snowfall over the years is 8.4 days, and the continuous snowfall is not long, usually 1 ~ 2 days. It melts while falling, and the average snowfall is only 4. 1 day. The annual average relative humidity in China is 79-83%, the annual average evaporation on water surface is 967.7mm, and the annual average evaporation on land is 603.4mm. ..
The average annual precipitation in the county is1146.3 ~161.4 mm, with more mountains and less flat land. The eastern mountainous area extends to both sides with Zhaiya as the center, forming a rainy area, and the annual precipitation is above1467.9 mm Xinchang Town and Nantuanba in the south are surrounded by mountains, forming a rainy area in the county, with the annual precipitation being only1100 mm. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is the highest in summer (June-August), with the average precipitation. Followed by spring (March-May), the average precipitation is 456.6 mm, accounting for 34.7%. In autumn (September ~165438+1October), the average precipitation is 343.2 mm, accounting for18.6%; Winter (65438+February ~ February) is the least, and the average annual precipitation is 143.8mm, accounting for only 10.9%. Floods and droughts in autumn often occur in summer and autumn rainy season.