In the sixth year of Xianchun, the province said: "In the fifth year of Xianchun, rice was bought. Except for the permanent residents in western Zhejiang and the Sichuan Zhisi who bought 200,000 stone piles as military pay, the Jinghu Zhisi , Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangxi purchased 1.48 million stones, all in the same year. "
Water transportation in Daliang, the capital of the Song Dynasty, was connected by four rivers: the Bianhe River. , called the Yellow River, called the Huimin River, and called the Guangji River, and the Bianhe River watered most of them. When Taizu raised his army, he had the world under his control. He punished the disasters caused by the vassal towns in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and gathered troops in the capital to form a strong and weak army. Therefore, the most important thing was to feed the army. Since the founding of the Long Dynasty, the first three rivers have been dredged. From now on, all the states will receive taxes and rents, manage goods and profits, and offer goods and silk. Officials will provide boats and chariots to transport the capital, and they will not enslave the people to interfere with agriculture. In the fifth year of Kaibao's reign, he led public and private ships in the Bian and Cai rivers to transport hundreds of thousands of stones from the rivers and Huaihe rivers to feed the soldiers. At that time, the capital's annual fee was limited and the affairs of the capital were simplified. By the early days of the Taiping and the rejuvenation of the country, both Zhejiang and Zhejiang had donated land and shipped four million stones of rice every year. The people were hired to carry the boats, and the officials were all treacherous. The boats might carry money, silk, and sundries to the capital, and then return to the main port to be transported to other states. In the eighth year, he selected powerful ministers to take charge of water and land transportation in Beijing. Whenever a gang plans the personnel of its boats and chariots, it hires and recruits the officials who pay the main gang. When the boats and chariots arrive, the goods are collected, and the customs reports are sent out to supervise them. Naturally, the disadvantages of stagnant recruitment will be eliminated.
At the beginning, in the states of Jinghu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Huainan, the people of the selected tribes and those with high incomes sent gifts. However, the people were many and poor, and they could not control the people in the boats. The people in the boats invaded and stole official properties, and the people went bankrupt. Cannot pay. He then ordered the officials to send him away so as not to disturb the people again. Datong supervised the transportation of iron by Shang Fang to cast weapons and use them for training, and he could get four or five pieces out of ten cuts; Guangnan tribute vines, if the thick ones were removed, could only get three liang per pound. Then the iron was ordered to be quenched and cured by iron and vines, and the vines that could be used were not used to carry heavy loads for long distances, so as to use the people's strength. There were many soldiers on the boats on the Bian River who were hungry and freezing. Emperor Taizong ordered Zhonghuangmen to seek for hundreds of people, but the blue threads were withered and barren. After asking why, the chief grain officer led them to take food from them. The emperor was angry and succeeded in capturing him. He cut off his wrists and died on the river for three days before beheading him. The escort was assigned to Shangzhou with his staff. In the fourth year of Yongxi's reign, water and land transportation were combined into one division. Officials embezzled official property and mixed official rice with water and soil, so those who destroyed boats and drowned them were abandoned in the market and were generously rewarded by petitioners; mountain rivers and flat rivers were actually ruined by moraine feng shui, so the rescue scores were poor. Convict him. In the first year of Duangong, the water and land transportation in the capital was stopped, and according to their duties, they were assigned to the Paiwan Department and the Unloading Department. First of all, the transportation of the four rivers has not been customized. In the sixth year of the Taiping and Xingguo era, the Bianhe River transported 3 million shi of rice and 1 million shi of rice from the Yangtze River and Huaihe River every year; the Yellow River transported 500,000 shi of millet and 300,000 shi of Shu; the Huimin River 400,000 shi of millet, 200,000 shi of Shu; 120,000 shi of millet in Guangji River: 5.5 million shi of Fan. If there is no flood or drought, the people can rent it, which is not too many. By the beginning of the Dao period, the Bianhe River had transported 5.8 million shi of rice. At the beginning of Dazhong Xiangfu, it reaches seven million stones.
Jiangnan, Huainan, Liangzhe and Jinghu roads were rented and purchased, warehouses were set up in Zhen, Yang, Chu and Sizhou to receive them, and ships were dispatched upstream to Pei to reach the capital, and shipping envoys were arranged Of. The same goes for the money, silk, sundries, and weapons offered by the various states. Shu millet from various states in Shaanxi flows into Pei from the three gates of the Yellow River to reach the capital, and a shipping department is set up to lead it. The grain and silk from the Guangji River to the capital are from the seventeen prefectures east of Beijing; the grain from the Shitang and Huimin rivers to the capital are from the six prefectures of Chen, Ying, Xu, Cai, Guang, and Shou, all of which are under the supervision of officials and ministers of the Beijing Dynasty. Of. In the northeast of Weizhou, Hebei Province, there is the Yuheda Qianning Army, and the transportation of goods is also under the control of court ministers. Guangnan's gold, silver, fragrant medicines, elephants, and general merchandise were transported by land to Qianzhou and then by water. The gold, silk, and cloth from the Sichuan and Yizhou prefectures were collected from Jianmen, and carried to Jiazhou in separate carriages. They were connected by water to Jingnan, and officials were dispatched from Jingnan to transport the capital. In Xianping, the annual fortune is 660,000 horses, divided into ten categories. At the end of Tianxi's reign, more than 231,000 guan, liang, duan, and pieces of gold, silk, and coins were delivered by water and land, and more than 275,000 kilograms of jewelry and incense. The various states built transport ships every year, and by the end of the Dao period, there were 3,237 ships, and by the end of the Tianxi period, the number had been reduced to 421. First, the number of water canals in various rivers increased over time. In the fourth year of Jingde, the annual volume of the Bianhe River was set at six million stones. In the fourth year of Tiansheng's reign, Jinghu, Jiang, and Huaizhou counties and Bian offered sacrifices to the poor people, and their rights were reduced by half a million dan from five years later. During the Qingli period, the Guangji River was reduced by 200,000 stones. Later, the Yellow River's canal supply increased and the consumption decreased, and only 300,000 shi of bodhisattva could be transported. The canal boats were built every year, and the timber was marketed. It's just a three-way river.
Rice was supplied on rivers and lakes. The old transshipment envoys used this route to transport Zhen, Chu, and Sizhou to Bancang, carrying salt back home. The boats were returned to their counties, and the soldiers were returned to their homes. The Bianzhou boat transferred to Bancang to transport rice to the capital, and the fortune was lost at the age of four. When the river dries up in the winter, the boatmen return to camp and gather again in spring, which is called Fang Dong. The soldiers were able to rest, and there were few escapees; the Bian boats did not cross the river, and there was no risk of drowning in storms.
Later, the shipping envoys had more rights and interests, and the six roads were used for the rice regiments to ship the ships. They were no longer assigned to this road and were solely responsible for their own duties. The documents were mixed and merged, and the affairs were too numerous to be inspected. Those who operate the boats work with the officials, and gain access to the rich counties and cities, the cheap merchants and the nobles, so as to attract the capital. Since the boats on the river and in Bian were wandering around without distinction, some of the people who pulled the boats would never return to their homes and die on the river. Having too many names and empty names will bring great harm to the affairs of the people.
During the emperor's reign, the shipping envoy Xu Yuanzhuo said: "In recent years, the roads have been blocked, and the grain regulations have been broken. Therefore, Bian Gang was ordered to go out of the river in winter and divert the canals for other roads. The troops could not rest. It is appropriate to edict. There are more ships along the way, carrying rice and transporting them to warehouses to replenish the year's budget, just like a story. "So most of the profit-seekers took it as a matter of fact, and the edicts were like Yuan memorials." For a long time, all the roads have not converged. In the third year of Jiayou's reign, an edict was issued that was responsible for the failure of the edict to regulate the situation, the transportation envoy was unable to outline the general principles, and the transshipment envoy was unable to handle the annual income. A preliminary order was issued to the transshipment departments of Jiangsu, Huaihe, and Zhejiang provinces, with a view to building ships and replenishing their troops within 20 years. The regiment's road map was to establish that Bian ships would not be allowed to return to the Yangtze River in the fifth year since Jiayou. By the end of the day, there will still be insufficient roads and ships. The boats from Bian did not reach the outside of the river, and the boats from outside the river could not reach the capital, thus losing the profit of the merchants. However, the boatmen from Bian had to sit down to eat in the winter, and they were constantly suffering from lack of money. They all stole the ship's materials and changed money to support themselves. The worse the ship was, the greater the amount of water was. Not as good as that. The commentator initially hoped that the sailors would be able to return home, but in recent years, there were many servants in Bian's ships, and each ship had only one or two soldiers. They had to stay on the ship until winter, but no one could return home. It had been a long time since the Yuan Dynasty was over, and the latecomers invited several people to come out of Bianzhou, but the governor did not allow it. In the third year of Zhiping (the third year of Zhiping), an order was issued to ship out seventy boats from Bian. Not long after, they all left the river and returned to their original state.
In the second year of Zhiping, the amount of millet brought to the capital was 5,755,000 shi from the Bian River, 267,000 shi from the Huimin River, and 740,000 shi from the Guangji River. The total number of those who sent gold and silk coins to Zuozang and Neizang treasury was 1,173,000, but the transfer of money by various routes was not done in advance. Fuel charcoal was transported to the capital from the west of Beijing, Shaanxi, and Hedong. The salary was 1,713,000 in catties, and the charcoal was one million in scales. In this year, all roads built 2,540 cannons. In the fourth year of Zhiping, the Japonica rice branch in the capital was more than five years old. At that time, the water transport officials were engaged in illegal trade, and even the traces of it were destroyed due to Feng Shui. If the official property is damaged, the number of years old will not decrease by 200,000 dendrobium. In the second year of Xining, Xue Xiang served as the shipping envoy for Jiang, Huai and other roads. He began to recruit passenger boats and official boats to separate transportation and inspect each other. The old disadvantages were eliminated. The number of annual canals is sufficient, and there are still more than 260,000 stones collected by merchant ships to transport to the capital. Please fill up the number for the next year.
Wu Chong, the envoy of the Third Department, said: "It is advisable to reduce the amount of rice from the Yangtze River and Huaihe River by two million dan from next year, and make the shipping department easy to carry light cargo by 2 million dan. Calculating the income in five years, there is no need to worry about tens of millions of dan. The three-way transfer to Ping Bianbian said: "If the rice suddenly changes to two million gu, the rice will be very cheap; if the light goods suddenly increase to 2 million gu, the goods will be shipped in time. Guizhou County." The money was turned into light goods, and it was stored in Hedong and Shaanxi to facilitate the state army, and it was convenient to use the Changping method to buy it. In the seventh year, Jingdong Road visited Deng Runfu and others and said: "The coastal prefectures and counties in Shandong are vast, and the grain is cheap in good years. We recruit people to transport the grain by sea. The millet from Shandong can be transferred to Heshuo to help feed the army." He ordered the transportation departments of Jingdong and Hebei Roads If you look at each other, your death will not be fruitful. At that time, less than one-third of the grain delivered to the capital by the rivers and Huaihe Rivers was sent to the capital, so Zhang Jie, the supervisor of transportation, urgently made plans for the next year.
Zhang Fangping, the envoy of the Nanyuan of Xuanhui Province, said: "Today's capital city was called Chenliu in ancient times. It reaches all directions in the world and supports water transportation. In the early days of the Kingdom, three rivers and canals were dredged to facilitate water transportation. , set up an equal amount of 6 million shi in the Bian River, 620,000 shi in the Guangji River, and 600,000 shi in the Huimin River to provide military rations to Taikang, Xianping, Weishi and other counties. , only the Bian River transports rice and wheat, which is the actual storage of Taicang. The Guangji River is close to it, and the Huimin River cannot enter Taicang. If the Bian River is relied upon by the public, repeated changes will inevitably cause the Bian River to lose its power. Old. "In December, the imperial edict was issued to dredge the Guangji River and build additional canoes. Later, the river formed, and 600,000 stones were transferred to the east valley of Jing every year. The roads in the southeast were used to transport sundries by land, and boats were added to transport them by water. He marched to the south of the Bian River and the Gang of Jinghu, with seven points to spare, three groups of envoys, and three groups of generals and palace attendants. He also ordered Zhen, Chu, and Sizhou each to build a hundred shallow-bottomed boats, divided into ten categories, and enter Bian.
In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, the Guangji River Chariot Transport Department and the Beijing Pai'an Department were dismissed, and the offerings were moved to Huaiyang and placed in Bian, named after the Qinghe Chariot Transport Department. The imperial censor said that the Guangji An River flows upstream, which is different from the Qinghe River flowing upstream into Bian. The distance is different and the risks are different. The pros and cons of transferring the imperial edict and raising some points in prison can be heard. Jiang Zhiqi, deputy envoy for shipping along the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and Chen Youfu, the capital's water superintendent, opened the Guishan Canal to facilitate water transportation, thus avoiding the danger of being drowned by wind and waves for hundreds of years. According to the imperial edict, two officials were moved to each other, and the remaining officials were reduced in years and there was a difference in capital. In eight years, he transported millions of stones to Xijing. First, Daoluo entered Bian, and transported southeastern millet to Shiluo. At the end of the day, the Ministry of Households reported it. In this year, the Bianhe River Grain Guidelines for rewards and punishments were established, and inspections were conducted at the end of the year. In the second year of Shaosheng's reign, Bian Gang was established and the two hundred gangs were compiled. Those who fail to pass the official examination in the ministry will bet on the supply of grain and dendrobium, and will not be used as yamen, natives, or military generals. Not long after, the natives were recruited again to escort the roads and roads as before.
In the seventh year of Zhenghe's reign, the six southeastern prefectures were established as military magistrates and general magistrates were issued with grain supplies and dendrobium as rewards upon completion of their term. There was a difference in promotion and ranking from 10,000 shi to 400,000 shi. Zhang Gen was the deputy transshipment envoy of Jiangnan West Road, delivering 1.2 million shi of rice to Zhongdu every year. The prefectures and counties in the south of the Yangtze River are far away, and the officials are difficult to supervise. There are always 300,000 stones as a foundation for transportation, so as to widen the counties, and they are often called it. In the second year of Xuanhe's reign, the edict was issued: "The Six-Road Mimai Gang Movement recruits officials in accordance with the law. First, recruit envoys who have not yet arrived in the ministry, and those who are not allowed to join the ministry and are not allowed to join the ministry. They will be put under the custody of the governor; Huainan uses the Five Movement, and the two Zhejiang and Jiangdong within 2,000 miles are to be transported by four, two thousand miles away from Jiangdong and Jiangxi are transported by three, and Hunan and northern provinces are each less than five cents. Recruit the local people and stop. "In the seventh year, the imperial edict was issued to the Jianghuai bureaus and the Huashi Gang, and ordered the ministers on the way to Cao to quickly seize the boats, load them, and prepare them for transport to the border. At the beginning of Jingkang Dynasty, the Bianhe River breached and there were hundreds of steps, so it was blocked. Before the work was completed, it dried up for more than a month, and the transportation was blocked. Nanjing and the capital were short of food. Chen Qiudao, the envoy of the capital city, and others were ordered to raise Chen Liangbi of the capital to deal with the situation together. After two ten days, the water returned to its original state, the general transportation arrived, and the two capitals had enough food.
The tax revenue in Hebei, Hedong, and Shaanxi Provinces is too small to support military expenditures. The annual income from farming and camp fields is very small, so there is little money to buy, and the annual expenditures include gold and silk from the treasury, as well as going to Beijing to check for goods. Money doesn't mean millions. Envoys and military generals were selected, and they were transported by ship from Hebei to the Qianning Army, and from Hedong and Shaanxi to Heyang. They were arranged for land transportation, either by laying out soldiers and protecting the army, or by hiring men to carry carts and pack horses. Suitable for roads. The land in Hebei is very close, and the west road back is far, and it also involves dangerous moraine, making transportation very difficult. In the sixth year of Xining, an imperial edict was issued to the Yan Road Directorate to buy three hundred camels from the east of the river to transport grain and grass along the border.
In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, the Hedong Transportation Department transferred 1,000 men to accompany the army. There were 400 men in Fangguo Shanghu, followed by one or two hundred men. Those who wish to give out donkeys should have three donkeys as five husbands, and each of the five donkeys needs one husband to drive him and drink them. A man can hire more than 30,000 people, and a donkey can cost about 8,000 people. In addition, due to the tight schedule of the meeting, the people cannot win with their own strength. The army has to deal with troubles, and there are many non-urgent tasks. For example, Jiangzhou transports thousands of stones of dates to Lin and Fu. Each stone only costs 400 yuan, and hiring Zhi costs about 30 yuan. Zhang Daning, the transshipment judge of Jingyuan Road, said: "The best way to provide transportation is to make it convenient for vehicles. From Xiningzhai to the mouth of Mokouyi, there are big rivers, which are not hindered by traffic. The same is true for the road from Mokouyi to Duolingxia. To the north of the ridge, there are dangerous mountains and little water, so it is difficult to travel by car. You can build a stronghold at the right location in the south of the ridge, and have the carts carry grain and grass from the Zhenrong army there, and follow the troops and horses there for transportation. Measure the distance on the middle road and send back the Kongfu to build a small fort to meet them. This will save half of the people's strength." Shenzong Jiazhi. The transportation department in the west of Beijing sent 30,000 people from Tiaojun and Dengzhoufu, and one official escort for every 500 people, to go to Fuyan to deliver the goods. The original journey was worth 30 cents per day and 10 cents for firewood and vegetables. The transshipment director calculated the distance from the Shaanxi border to Yanzhou and paid 30 cents per day for rice and 10 cents for firewood and vegetables. They were given first. The transportation department of Shaanxi Province sent people to various states to hire cars to carry people. They passed through the states alternately, and the people were paid two liters of rice and fifty coins per day until they stopped along the border. Transport grain out of the border and stop dispatching troops. In the sixth year, the imperial edict was issued to the Helanhui Economic and Development Department in Hexi Province. It was planned to install ten thousand people and horses in Lanzhou and two thousand horses to transport grain and grass. In Ciluzhou, the army captured the officials and privately carried two thousand camels and sent them to the Economic and Development Department, and transported them from Xi and the river. If you don't have enough power, you should be brave enough to protect your armor. For those in Hedong and Shaanxi provinces who use non-machine speeds, we will make a small order and deliver them in several rows every day.