After the college entrance examination, my son's whereabouts are a foregone conclusion. My family of three and my mother-in-law went to Qufu and Taishan by car. This is also a wish made by her son's grandmother. The old lady always said, "When the grandson is admitted to the university, he will go to Mount Tai to fulfill his wish." In order to fulfill the old man's wish, my husband plans to drive to Taishan and Qufu. My husband always plans his trip in advance. This time, his plan is to go to Qufu first, from Qufu to Taian, live in Taian at night, and climb Mount Tai the next morning. It was along this route that we arrived in Qufu at noon on the first day. As soon as I entered Qufu, I felt particularly clean and orderly. It really deserves to be a tourist city. Qufu is actually a county-level city. My husband said that Qufu got its name only because it was the hometown of Confucius. This is really a city made by one person. In fact, Confucius is not only a city, but also a country, a culture and a tradition.
Our tourist attractions are three holes: Confucius Temple, Confucius House and Confucius Forest. Confucius Temple is a place for offering sacrifices to Confucius, Confucius House is the residence of Confucius and his descendants, and Konglin is the cemetery of Confucius and his descendants. We first went to the Confucius Temple and entered the scenic spot. The first thing we saw was a semicircular wall, which was tall and majestic. The gate is Yang Shengmen, engraved with "Wan Ren Palace Wall". What does "Wan Ren Palace Wall" mean?
"Wan Ren Palace Wall" comes from the story of The Analects of Confucius. Zi Gong, a disciple of Confucius, once helped Lu Jun in the imperial court. On one occasion, Sun Wushu, the doctor of Lu, said to the doctors in the imperial court, "Zi Gong is better than Confucius." Zi Gong, who was present, made a metaphor and said, "Man's learning is like a palace wall. My wall is just over my shoulder, and people can see everything inside at a glance; " The wall of my teacher Confucius is several meters high. If you can't find his door, you can't see the grandeur of the ancestral hall and the colorful houses in the wall. "Uncle Sun Wude immediately felt ashamed of his shallowness after hearing these words.
In ancient times, seven feet or eight feet was called mowing grass. Later generations felt that "the number of mowing grass on the master's wall" was not enough to express their admiration for Confucius, so Hu Renzong wrote the inscription "Wan Ren Palace Wall" on the door of Yang Sheng in the Ming Dynasty. In order to show his respect for Confucius, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty changed into the four characters of "Wan Ren Palace Wall" written by himself.
? See, only when you walk into the "Wan Ren Palace Wall" can you see Confucius' talent and hear "Golden Sound and Jade Virtue", so the first archway is engraved with "Golden Sound and Jade Virtue", named after Mencius. Mencius once commented on Confucius: "Confucius called it a masterpiece. One Lord, Jin Yin, Yu Zhen also. Jinyin is also the beginning; Yu Zhen is also a human being, and he is finally organized. " "Golden Sound" and "Jade Vibration" represent the whole process of playing music. Mencius is praising Confucius' ability and morality, just like playing music, ringing bells and gathering rhyme in one stone, so entering the Confucius Temple means listening to the thoughts of saints and admiring their morality.
Because I didn't have much knowledge to prepare in advance and didn't invite a tour guide at home, I went to the Confucius Temple in a hurry. I just crossed the arch and entered the temple. If I really want to know the sage, I must go to reading of the analects of confucius and check the information in advance. It is difficult to appreciate the historical connotation of these cultural relics without preparing lessons in advance. What I saw most in the impression of Confucius Temple was the inscription. The words on the inscription were too late to read, and even if they were read, they could not be read smoothly. In addition, there are cypress trees in the courtyard of the temple, which are tall and ancient and have a history of four or five hundred years and thousands of years. One of them is said to be 2500 years old. Under a pavilion, I also saw a pile of dead wood, which is said to be a regular script tree planted by Confucius' disciple Zi Gong himself, that is, "Huanglian Tree". During the reign of Kangxi, it was burned by lightning, leaving only the trunk. In order to preserve this relic, the ancients erected a monument and built a pavilion during the reign of Kangxi.
There are several striking archways in the photos I took, including Xingxingmen, Taihe Yuan Qi, Zhisheng Temple, Hongmenmen, Kuiwenge Pavilion, Dacheng Hall, No one was born, a model for all generations, gentle here, and taking part in the world and neutralizing from time to time. Later, I checked the information and finally understood the meaning of these archways.
"Lingxingmen" is located behind the workshop of "Gold Born in Earthquake". This is the calligraphy written by Qianlong, and "Ling Xing" is the old saying that "satellites sacrifice to heaven first". This workshop is named after this, comparing Confucius to the education satellite of heaven.
Taihe Yuan Qi Square was written by Zeng, the governor of Shandong Province in Ming Dynasty. Zhang Zai, a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty, said that the so-called way of harmony is the change of qi or the unity of yin and yang contradictions. "primordial energy" refers to the harmony between heaven and earth, sun and moon, yin and yang, and is the basis for the growth of all things. "Taihe Yuan Qi" here is a metaphor for Confucius' Tao, which can make human thoughts reach a supreme position.
The square of the Supreme Temple was originally called the Xuan Temple, but it was changed to the Supreme Temple by Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, and "Supreme" was supreme. Confucius is honored as the highest saint here.
Hongdaomen is the main entrance of Confucius Temple. Formerly known as Ritian Gate, it was later named Hongmen Gate by Yong Zhengdi. Emperor Qianlong wrote Hongdao. "The Analects of Confucius" Wei Linggong said: "People can preach, but they cannot preach." .
"Kuiwen Pavilion" was inscribed in front of the library of Confucius Temple, and it was also written by Qianlong. "Wei Xiao" is the name of the stars, and the ancients said that "Wei Xiao is the master of the article". Later, Kuixing became the leader of civil servants. Jin Zhangzong named Confucius' library "Kuiwen Pavilion", and praised Confucius as the leader of the literati in the world.
"Dacheng Gate" and "Dacheng Hall", "Dacheng" comes from Mencius, and Mencius said, "Confucius is a master." The ancients also thought that Confucius was the masterpiece of sages, so when the Song Dynasty was rebuilt, the gate and the main hall were named "Dacheng Gate" and "Dacheng Hall" respectively.
Dacheng Hall is a hall dedicated to Confucius. There is a statue of Confucius in the hall, and a plaque is hung on it, which reads "model for all generations, be gentle here" and "be at peace with heaven and earth". These are the imperial books of the Qing emperor, and they all praise Confucius for his profound knowledge and prominent position.
If you don't check the origin of these names, it's really a blind man crossing the river, completely blind, knowing nothing except having been to the Confucius Temple.
? Kongjiadazhai
After leaving the Confucius Temple, we had a family dinner, then visited Confucius' House, strolled around, and even took a cursory look. We can't calm down at all. We can't stop looking at it carefully. We only think that Confucius House is big and magnificent, with pavilions, carved beams and painted buildings, cypresses passing through clouds and secluded paths. Confucius is known as the number one in the world. Such a magnificent and spacious mansion should not be the living environment of Confucius at that time. Confucius was poor all his life, even freezing and starving. How did he get such a big house? This should be the result of the construction and expansion of the past dynasties since the Han Dynasty "ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone", which should be enjoyed by the descendants of Confucius.
Later, I checked the information and found that this mansion was the hereditary residence of Confucius' descendants. Since the reign of Emperor Gaozu, the descendants of Confucius were awarded the title of "Duke of Feast" in the Song Dynasty. The Duke of Feast was a privileged big noble in the feudal era, and the Song Dynasty was equivalent to an eight-product official. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was promoted to the third grade, ranking first among civil servants in the early Ming Dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, it was also chartered to ride horses and take the imperial road in the Forbidden City, which lasted until the twenty-fourth year of the Republic of China. With such a high position, we can imagine how magnificent the mansion he lived in is, so the Confucius House we see today is the largest mansion in China after the Ming and Qing palaces. Unfortunately, Confucius, who was diligent, knowledgeable and virtuous all his life, benefited the descendants of the Confucius family and became a special duke in the history of China.
? Lin Kong
The place where the descendants of the Confucius family were buried in the past dynasties was Konglin. On the way to Kong Lin, there are rows of cultural shops, such as calligraphy and painting, seal cutting and antiques. , dazzling. It seems that if you travel without buying anything, you should buy some souvenirs when you come to Qufu. I bought a seal, and lawyer Cui bought a Nishan stone. My son doesn't seem to like these gadgets very much, and my mother-in-law bought souvenirs. Lawyer Cui also gave his little nephew a famous word "cloud", which he said was very good, literate, martial-minded and rich.
When we walked into Kong Lin, we saw many cypress trees, which covered the sky, only cool and cold. We just sit in Kong Lin and have a rest to avoid the summer heat. Therefore, in Kong Lin, we rested more and didn't see too many Confucius tombs. Of course, Confucius' cemetery still needs to be worshipped. It seems that we went underground along the passage. The sides of the aisle are more than one meter higher. There are stone beasts and stone men in front of Confucius' tomb. The tomb of Confucius' son Kong Li is in the east, and the tomb of Confucius' grandson Zisi is in the south. According to tourists nearby, this layout is called "holding children and grandchildren".
How did this layout come about? Legend has it that Confucius and his wife Guan Qi loved their son Kong Li very much. When he grew up, Confucius taught him poetry, books, etiquette and music, and the official family of Qi began to marry his son. Shortly after the daughter-in-law entered the door, the government was dissatisfied with her left and right, and the mother-in-law and daughter-in-law often became awkward. Confucius traveled around the world without asking about housework, but Kong Li was sickly at home, his mother often blamed him, and his daughter-in-law often complained. Kong Li often suffers indignities at both ends. Later, because of depression, he left his parents, wife and children and went to death. According to etiquette, parents are here, children die less, and they are not allowed to enter the forest. The family buried them temporarily in the north of Qufu, hoping to wait until Confucius and Guan's family died before taking them into the forest. Unexpectedly, since the death of Kong Li, the contradiction between the official and the daughter-in-law has intensified, so she took advantage of Confucius' absence to take her daughter-in-law out of Confucius' house and raise her grandson Zisi herself. In this way, Kong Li died a widower. According to custom, bachelors can't enter the forest.
Decades have passed. Confucius is old and has a big mind. One day, Zisi went out for a walk with his grandfather and happened to come to Kong Li's grave. Confucius could not help sighing when he thought that he could not reunite with his beloved son after his death. He looked around and his eyes lit up. This is a treasure trove of feng shui! On the way back to the city, Confucius told his grandson with great interest: "The place where Kong Li was buried was originally the woodland that Duke Zhou liked. Because the Duke of Zhou was buried in the forest of Wang Yao after his death, this land was idle. " The speaker is unintentional, the listener is intentional, and Zisi has other plans in his heart.
More than ten years later, Confucius also died. Zisi persuaded scholars and uncles to bury Confucius in the north of Qufu and move Kong Li's coffin to the tomb of Confucius. It stands to reason that Confucius' children and grandchildren are all single biographies, which should be lined up in the north and south. Kong Li was buried next to Confucius because he was a widower. Zisi occupied Kong Li's grave. This pattern of tombs called "holding children and grandchildren" is actually another matter.
In order to confuse future generations, Zisi also fabricated the statement that Confucius looked at Lin Xuan's tomb and "King Zhou Zhanyao's tomb and Confucius occupied Zhou Jialin", which was believed by future generations and rarely studied for more than two thousand years.
With the improvement of Confucius' status, the scale of Kong Lin is getting bigger and bigger. At its largest, the surrounding walls are 7.25 kilometers long, making it the oldest artificial garden in the world. Confucius is admired by later generations, and his descendants are endless, which shows that his Feng Shui is unparalleled.
? August 2, 2065 438+04