By chance, I learned that Li Jing Village in Qian Lou Town produced Gong Sheng Sun Yuanguang and his Jinshi son Sun Tingkai in the Qing Dynasty. I knew nothing about this before. I asked a few people in literature and history, and they didn't know. During the Republic of China, Dongshan County Records recorded the imperial examination list of the whole county. The column of "Gong Sheng, a liberal arts student in the imperial examination" in Volume 4 has "Sun Yuanguang in the 15th year of Kangxi", which indicates that he paid tribute in the 15th year of Kangxi, but there is no relevant text of Sun Tingkai. It is quite puzzling that the county records that his father was selected as a tribute student, but does not record that his son was admitted to the Jinshi. Therefore, the general view in the field of literature and history is that there was only one Tang Jinshi in Dongshan in the Qing Dynasty.
According to "Li Jing Village History", during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, three brothers, Meigang, in Dingzhaikou Village, Guangdong Province, fled because of a burial dispute. Eldest brother Mei Gang came to the south of Li Jing Village and chose Kaiji Dongcheng Village in Jidi. Later, he expanded the Cheche and Xiaxi Natural Village, which are the "three grandchildren" of Li Jing Village. Its descendants propagated to natural villages such as Changshanwei, Shangyang and Xiaxikeng. In the early Qing Dynasty, Yuan Guang, the tenth grandparent of Three Suns, was admitted to Gong Sheng, and his son Sun Tingkai, the eleventh grandparent, was admitted to Jinshi. Both father and son are dignitaries, which shocked Zhaoan Wudu. In addition, Sun Tingkai was the only liberal arts champion of the Sun Shi family in Zhangzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 500 years.
In the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1530), Zhaoan County was established, and Dongshan Island was all under Zhaoan County except Tongshan City and its surrounding areas. Li Jing Village is located in the west of Dongshan Island, far away from Tongshan City and inconvenient to Zhaoan County. The village history records: "The natural village of Li Jing is called Li Jing Village because it is surrounded by mountains, and a path passes through the North Gate and enters the valley. (1) "Up to now, some people still say that Li Jing Village is the" inner mountain "of Dongshan County. Ancient times lacked the conditions of politics, economy, culture, education and convenient transportation, and it was not like a place to get ahead. However, it was in this environment that a Gong Sheng and a Jinshi were born in the early Qing Dynasty, which was caused by the aura of mountains and rivers.
Secretary Sun of Li Jing Village provided me with the information of Sun Yuanguang's father and son collected in Li Jing Village. I extracted the biography of Sun Yuanguang and his son from the thirty-three characters in Guangxu Zhangzhou Chronicle, and also extracted the biography of Sun Tingkai from Zhaoan County Annals in the thirty-first year of the Republic of China. Zheng Yi, director of Zhao 'an CPPCC Literature and History Committee, sent me the biography of Sun Tingkai in the new edition of Zhao 'an County Records, which provided great convenience.
2.
According to Guangxu's Zhangzhou Fuzhi, the punctuation is as follows: Sun Yuanguang, a 16-year-old boy, is bold and intelligent. My uncle has no heir, only one mother. If you don't love, you will live separately, and your family is looking forward to it. When my uncle died, Yuan Guang asked his son to pay back the money. During the reign of Kangxi, the old man moved to the mainland to avoid bandits, and the old man had no food. Some healthy soldiers plundered dozens of refugee women and drove them to the north. When Yuan Guang heard the crying, he felt sorry for him and could not persuade him to be loyal. Instead, he recruited all tough teenagers, told them this, and encouraged them to say, "If everything you are proud of is violence, you can solve this problem." All teenagers have a bright future. When the chicken crows for the first time, it crouches in the suburbs, waiting for the healthy pawn, fighting for it, and the healthy pawn is desperate. In other words, the women said, "If you are not afraid, I am not a thief. I owe Sun Jun an intention to save you. You are in a hurry. " Few people in the world know. In his later years, Yuanguang was also a punishment for Shouning, and he could perform his duties. Ding finally got home, full of food, and was envied by the villagers. Zi Tingkai, whose name is Youpei, is also a disciple at the age of sixteen. I was ugly and became a scholar. I am the cloud and the order, and the people wear their virtues. I am a famous scholar in the third branch and one of the top gold medal winners. When I got off the bus for the first time, Yunhe and the people didn't know how to learn, and the public and the relatives taught each other, so the style of writing revived, and the mother and the elderly were taken back to serve and support, and the family members were closed and guarded. The income is given to the family, and it is generous, and its light wealth and love for righteousness have the demeanor of a father. (2)
From the above information, we can know that Sun Yuanguang, whose real name is Lu Tao, 16 years old, is a middle-aged scholar. He is kind, generous and resourceful. His mother and uncle had no children and adopted a son. Mother uncle doesn't like adopted son, let him live elsewhere and entrust his family business to Yuan Guang. After the death of his mother-in-law, Yuan Guang did not inherit her mother-in-law's property, but invited her adopted son back and returned all her property to him.
During the Jiaqing period of Kangxi (1664), the coastal areas migrated greatly, and people were forced to migrate to the mainland and were displaced everywhere. A group of strongmen robbed dozens of women and prepared to sell them to the north. Sun Yuanguang was very sympathetic when he saw those women crying. I thought it was useless to reason with these strongmen, so I privately called a group of lean boys to reason, and dared to say that strongmen were fierce. If these women are rescued, they will become real men. The boys readily agreed. In the early hours of the morning, they ambushed in the suburbs, and the strongman passed by with the woman. The boys suddenly jumped forward and attacked, beating the strongman to flee. The boy said to the girl, we are not robbers, but Mr. Sun asked us to save you. Please leave quickly. Not many people know about it.
The data does not show the date of birth and death of Sun Yuanguang, nor does it know his age in Chen Jianian (1664). Judging from the above description, he should also be in his thirties and forties. Then in the 15th year of Kangxi (1676), Sun Yuanguang was elected as Gong Sheng, and he was already forty or fifty years old. According to the historical data of Li Jing Village, he was "recommended in his later years", which proves that he was recommended as a tribute in his later years.
Gong Sheng usually studies in imperial academy for two or three years, and only those with excellent grades are awarded official positions. "Yuanguang's old man is also a discipline for Shouning and can do his job well." Sun Yuanguang should have been in his fifties when he was an instructor in Shouning County. The commission for discipline inspection is equivalent to the current deputy director of the county education bureau. He did his duty until he retired. After retiring and returning home, his academic qualifications became more profound and everyone in the village envied him.
3.
There is no biography of Sun Yuanguang in Zhao 'an County Records of the Republic of China, but the biography of Sun Tingkai is slightly detailed in Fu Zhi. The information is as follows: Sun Tingkai, a young scholar, studied photonics, made up 16 students, made a positive contribution, and stayed in his hometown in the afternoon, becoming an ugly scholar. Ink engraving was published and spread all over the world, which was related to the compilation of Kangxi's "Wu Jia County Records". Ren Yin was a cloud and an order, the city was small and thin, and Ru Berry was a scholar. When I got off the bus for the first time, I didn't know how to learn from the people. The personal relationship was the instruction, and the style of writing shook. With the death of my brother, my mother's old age is my servant, so I can't stay at home and don't throw thorns easily. The income is given to the family, and it is generous, and its light wealth and love for righteousness have the demeanor of a father. (3)
The article "Wu Bing (1666) was promoted after having obtained the provincial entrance examination" is wrong, because he could not be promoted in 1666, and was promoted in the 43rd year of Kangxi (1709). Therefore, the imperial examination list compiled by Zhao 'an CPPCC was revised, that is, Bingwu was Bingzi's fault.
Like his father, Sun Tingkai is also a scholar of 16 years old. He is "professional", especially good at the imperial examination, and he is a schoolmaster. In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi, Bingzi (1696) was promoted. Thirteen years later, in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), he was a scholar. Sun Tingkai's date of birth and death is unknown, which makes later researchers guess more. Generally speaking, the average age of ancient scholars is about 25 to 28 years old. According to this calculation, Sun Tingkai was already in his forties.
After Jinshi, there will be a position, either in the central government or in the local government. Strangely, after Sun Tingkai entered Jinshi, his resume was blank and he didn't know what to do for five years. Then he recorded "He Xiu Kangxi (17 14) county annals, Ren Yin (1722) Ren Yun and Ling."
From Sun Tingkai's promotion to the central scholar to the present thirteen years, and then to his promotion to Yunhe county magistrate for thirteen years, it adds up to twenty-six years. Suppose he was promoted to the central scholar at the age of twenty-five, and was already in his fifties when he served as Yunhe county magistrate.
In the inscription of the Chenghuang Temple in Zhao 'an, we found the information that "Shen Yikui, a scholar in the official department, wrote an article, and Sun Tingkai, a scholar in the official department, wrote an article". Viewing politics is a system implemented by Jinshi in the central ministries. The time for observing politics is not long, usually about three months. As soon as the Jinshi's political inspection is over, he often can't be transferred to an official position immediately, and he has to go home for a long time to stand for election. Sun Tingkai's appearance as a "government official" shows that he is waiting for his post in his hometown.
There was a quota for the official system in the Qing dynasty, just like the current cadre establishment. In addition to being an official in the imperial examination, you can also donate officials, that is, the court allows you to spend money to buy officials. Some people want to gain political glory if they succeed economically, so many people spend money to be officials. In this way, the number of qualified officials exceeds the number of official positions, and they must wait in line for opportunities. Sun Tingkai waited for many years. During this period, I participated in the compilation of 17 14 Zhangzhou fuzhi. It was not until 1722 that a poor county order was approved.
4.
Yunhe County, Zhejiang Province is "small and thin" and remote and desolate. After Sun Tingkai took office, "Your uncle drinks ice, caresses Sui and lives, enjoys peace around him, and is valued by officials." He bears hardships and stands hard work, recuperates with the people and gradually improves the local economy. On the other hand, the culture of Yunhe County is backward, and Sun Tingkai gives lectures in person after work. "Public parents teach, and the style of writing is booming." Under his rule, the economy and culture of Yunhe county have been greatly improved, and the surrounding area is peaceful, which has won the favor and attention of superiors.
Later, he "also took photos of Jingning and Taishun counties." Acting as county magistrate of Jingning County and Taishun County. During the period, he served as the deputy examiner of Zhejiang Province for three times. The most famous taxi he chose was Qian Jin from Yunhe County. "There are three branch schools in the countryside, all of which are celebrities, and Jindian is one of them." Later, the Golden Rooster won the first place in the palace examination and became the champion of Qianlong for seven years. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the examiner was the teacher, and Sun Tingkai's protege became the champion, which is really worthy of pride.
Sun Tingkai can serve as the examiner for three provincial examinations. It may be inferred that he has worked in Zhejiang for an estimated 89 years. In this way, Sun Tingkai is almost sixty years old. At this time, my brother has passed away and my mother is old. On this ground, he applied to the court for retirement and was approved, ending his career. After returning home, I abided by filial piety and took care of my mother, and my life was calm and indifferent. He doesn't make friends with officials easily, and his salary is distributed to relatives. He is never stingy, just like his father.
According to Li Jing Village Records, Sun Tingkai did not return to Li Jing Village, but settled in Zhao 'an County and built his own temple "Baotian Temple". Jiamiao is located in Beiguan Community, Nanzhao Town, and it still exists today. According to "Six Branches of Lean Sun Shi in South Fujian", in the forty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1707), Sun Tingkai moved back to the north gate of Zhao 'an County to build the Treasure Temple. Two years later, Sun Tingkai was a scholar in high school. Is it because he lives in Zhao 'an County that his deeds are not recorded in Dongshan County Records of the Republic of China?
Sun Tingkai has four sons, the eldest, the second and the third. The fourth son, Qi Taigong, returned to Li Jing Village, Zu Di with his family to take charge of the industry, settled in Cheziran Village, and passed on the third son. The ancestral temple below Kaitaigong School is called Jishantang. At present, there are 250 "three grandchildren" in Li Jing village, including Shangyang and Changshanwei natural villages, with a population of about 1000.
The descendants of Sun Tingkai also spread overseas. 201In August, 2008, 2 1 descendants of Sun Shi, including Selangor Sun Zaiyuan, came to Zhao 'anbao Paradise to seek roots and worship their ancestors. According to reports, in the 1940s, Sun Zaiyuan's great-grandfather was a descendant of Bao Tian, who developed from Zhaoan to Malaysia and has produced 50 or 60 generations of descendants so far. It shows that Sun Tingkai's descendants not only spread in Zhao 'an, but also moved to Malaysia.
Secretary Sun showed us around the village. Neat streets and lanes are all cement or slate streets. Most of the villages are beautiful three-or four-story buildings, and there is also a literary style homestay, which makes people think it is in a corner of the city. Old maple trees and old houses have been sorted out and protected, which is very contemporary. They also built a natural shade park with seven big banyan trees in the village. Along the way, money looks good everywhere. We climbed the high slope behind the village and took a look. The village is quiet and picturesque, and it is really lucky to sigh that we live in peacetime.
Li Jing Village is backed by Feng Long, and to the north is the continuous green Xishan Rock Mountain. The Dongying Creek, which originated in Xishan Rock, flows in front of the village. It was called Longjiang in the Ming Dynasty, but now it has dried up because of drought. This is a land of geomantic omen. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chen's father's cemetery was chosen on the small slope of Xiangpu Village Path. Huang Jingyun praised here, "Feng Long, and Longjiang." . (4) "In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Jin, the governor of Tongshan, chose Dongling Village next door. Under such geographical conditions, it is not surprising that outstanding talents came into being!
Precautions:
(1) Overview of Dongshan Island Village, p. 744
② Guangxu's Official History of Zhangzhou, 7 10-7 1 1 page.
(3) Zhaoan County Records of the Republic of China, p. 776.
(4) "Chen Liqun stone carvings", page 53.