Subsequently, the pre-Qin Empire, which ruled nearly half of China, completely collapsed. However, the various nationalities in the pre-Qin period rose one after another and started the chaotic stage of mutual crusade, which made China in chaos at that time.
By the spring of 386, Tuoba GUI, the leader of the Tuoba Department of Xianbei, had restored the country and changed the country name to? Wei? . Subsequently, they began to crusade against various regimes, and in 12 years, most of North China was owned. In July 393, it was announced that the capital would be moved to Pingcheng, where ceremonial institutions such as palaces, ancestral temples and social altars were established.
The capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty has always been Pingcheng, and it was not changed to Luoyang until Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital. Historically, the fate of Pingcheng was closely related to Liao and Jin Dynasties, as well as to the border towns in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Then, why did the Northern Wei Dynasty choose Pingcheng as its capital?
Although Pingcheng has been an important city since Qin and Han Dynasties, it is not only the birthplace of the siege of Deng Bai, but also a famous historical city. But in terms of its status and geographical conditions, it is not a fortress, but only a county under the jurisdiction of border counties.
At the same time, according to the current archaeological findings, Pingcheng in the Han Dynasty, located in the playground city of Datong City, is no different from the ordinary city site, that is, an ordinary border city. Moreover, during the Northern Wei Dynasty, they occupied many big cities, the most famous of which was a place called Yecheng in Hebei. In addition, it was once the seat of Cao Cao's tyrant and the capital of the post-Zhao and post-Yan regimes.
In fact, Tuoba GUI wanted to build his capital in Yecheng before, but I don't know why he changed his mind after only a few days.
If you compare Pingcheng with Yecheng, it is really nine Niu Yi hairs. As we all know, Yecheng has obvious geographical location and environmental advantages.
Yecheng was built in many previous dynasties, with many palaces and luxurious cities. It can be said that it is very suitable to build a capital there. Not only is the infrastructure good, but even building a city can save a lot of budget.
Then, why didn't Tuoba GUI choose Yecheng in the end?
First, the need of war and the pattern of fighting determine the fact that the capital will eventually be a city of peace.
At that time, the core strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty was mainly composed of tribes headed by Tuoba Department. Although they are brave and effective, their numbers are relatively small and their team strength is relatively weak. Compared with the huge population in the Central Plains, their population disadvantage is very prominent. If Yecheng is its capital at this time, it will inevitably face the problem of more Han people and fewer nationalities, and it is worried that the future rule will not be carried out well.
There is also a very important reason, that is, because the ruling group of the Northern Wei Dynasty is still in its infancy. Tuoba GUI came to the inland area since he was a child, and China's cultural level was relatively high. But for the whole tribe he ruled, the level of social and cultural development is still in the primary stage, and the color of tribal alliance is strong. At the same time, animal husbandry and hunting are the main economic forms.
Therefore, in this case, Tuoba GUI tribe, which is dominated by herders and hunters, naturally finds it difficult to adapt to the farming life in the plain area, and neither the climate nor the living habits are suitable for them to live in. In order to make the people of the tribe adapt quickly and gather the population, it is necessary to choose a place that is more in line with people's living habits. So Pingcheng is a better choice.
Second, it is the advantage of Pingcheng.
On the whole, the Northern Wei Dynasty chose Pingcheng area mainly because of its geographical location and its back to the desert, which conformed to the living habits of the tribe. At the same time, the area overlooks the Sanggan River basin in the Central Plains and can be used as a base for animal husbandry and hunting. Considering the comprehensive factors such as politics, economy, culture, military affairs and traditional habits, Pingcheng is the best choice because it is located in the middle and suitable for tribal living.
Therefore, in the following long years, even though the ethnic, political and economic patterns have undergone earth-shaking changes, the city of Datong still maintains its position and pattern as a regional central city. The reason why this can be done is inseparable from the geographical advantages of its region. Moreover, after the Northern Wei Dynasty made its capital Pingcheng, it set up a palace, built an ancestral temple and founded the country. , has carried out a series of capital construction, including hundreds of major projects, such as palaces, pavilions and pavilions.
In addition, in order to improve the urban environment, muddy water is introduced from the north of the city and Wuzhou River is introduced from the west of the city, so that there is gurgling water on the west bank of Capital Street, fish swimming in fish ponds, and willows, poplars and miscellaneous trees are hidden in the water. The city is decorated with fresh and elegant water and trees, and it is really a hundred flowers. Finally formed? Lingtai Mountain, Bishuichi Garden, Shuangque Wan Ren, Jiuqu Sida, Yulinglinsen, and Ruodian Jiaoge? Situation.