loulan is an ancient name in the western regions. Loulan is an ancient small country in the west of China, and its capital is Loulan City (the site is on the northwest coast of Lop Nur, Xinjiang, China). It connects Qiemo, Jingjue, Zumi and Yutian in the southwest, with auto market in the north, Yanqi in the northwest and Bailongdui in the east. Dunhuang is the hub of the Silk Road. China people belong to the Indo-European language family. At the beginning of Emperor Wu's reign, all envoys to the Western Regions had to pass through Loulan. Loulan acted as the eyes and ears of Xiongnu for many times, and attacked and robbed the messengers of the Western Han Dynasty. In the third year of Fengfeng (18 BC), Han sent troops to beg Loulan and capture his king. Loulan was attacked by both Huns and Han Chinese, so he sent servants to be attacked on both sides. After the Xiongnu Prince made Loulan King, he kissed Xiongnu. Wang and Tu Jian surrendered to the Han Dynasty and reported the situation to the Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of Emperor Zhao Yuanfeng's reign (77 BC), he sent Fu Jiezi to Loulan, assassinated Wei Tuji, changed his title to Shanshan, and made his capital in Huni City (now near Ruoqiang, Xinjiang). Later, the Han government often sent officials to station fields in the former site of Loulan City, and set up beacon towers and pavilions along the way from Yumenguan to Loulan. During the Wei, Jin and Liang Qian Dynasties, Loulan City became the seat of the Western Regions with a long history. About 16 years ago, Loulan disappeared, leaving only the ruins of the ancient city. Gu Lou is located at 892222 east longitude and 42955 north latitude. It is located in the northern border of Ruoqiang County, Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, in the northwest corner of Lop Nur, 7 kilometers away from the south bank of Peacock River. The ancient history of Loulan is still unclear. The name Loulan was first seen in Historical Records. Biography of Xiongnu. 755-79 recorded that around the 3rd century BC, Loulan people founded the country and Loulan was ruled by Yue people. From 177 BC to 176 BC, the Huns defeated Yue State, and Loulan was under the jurisdiction of the Huns. The ancient city of Loulan now covers an area of 12, square meters, nearly square, with a side length of about 33 meters. The whole site is scattered in the Ya Dan landform group on the west bank of Lop Nur. Gu Lou is 35 kilometers northwest of Korla and 33 kilometers southwest of Ruoqiang County. The discovery of the ancient city of Loulan The earliest discoverer of Loulan Kingdom was Swedish explorer Swinheding. At the beginning of March, 19, Heding Expedition reached the Rob wasteland along the dry left riverbed of Peacock River. When crossing a desert, people found that their shovels were accidentally lost in the camp last night. He Ding had to let his assistant go back to find it. The assistant quickly took back the shovel and even picked up a few pieces of wood carving. He Ding was very excited to see the debris and decided to dig the ruins. In March, 191, Sven Heding began to excavate and found a stupa, three halls, wooden building components with Greek art and culture, five Thai baht banknotes, a Gulu letter and many other cultural relics. Later, they found many beacon towers in the southeast of this ruin, extending to an ancient city buried by sandstorms on the west bank of Lop Nur. This is the ancient city of Loulan. The plane of the ancient city is nearly square, with a side length of about 33 meters, and almost all of it is buried by quicksand. The city wall is made of soil and red willow alternately rammed. There is an ancient canal that runs through the city obliquely from northwest to southeast. There is an octagonal dome adobe stupa in the northeast of the canal. On the earthen terrace in Tarnum, there are a group of tall wooden building sites, as well as Chinese and Luwen documents, bamboo slips, five baht, silk wool products, daily necessities and so on. Has been unearthed. In the middle section of the Southwest Canal, there are three large-scale wooden adobe houses. A large number of Chinese documents, wooden slips and early Sogdian and gourd documents have been unearthed in and around the house, which is estimated to be the remains of the yamen. A group of courtyards in the west may be official residences, and small houses are distributed in the south. All kinds of documents and bamboo slips unearthed in the city are called Lop Nur documents. During the inspection in the early 2th century, a large number of Loulan cultural relics were taken away by foreign delegations. Loulan culture Loulan culture is the most humanistic landscape in the world. According to archaeologists, human activities in the Tarim River basin have a history of more than 1, years. I
Luntai ancient city, Qiemo ruins, ancient tombs, ancient beacon towers, mummies, ancient rock paintings, etc. They are all world-class tourist attractions. Loulan is a mysterious name in human history. Its past glory has formed its special position in the history of world culture. Chinese people's interest and enthusiasm for Loulan culture fully shows that Loulan belongs not only to China, but also to human beings. Loulan is an immeasurable historical heritage left by ancestors to Bazhou, and it is also the pride of Bazhou people. At the same time, it also means the excavation, arrangement and research of Loulan culture. Bazhou people should have the responsibility to show Loulan and the ancient western culture in various ways. The 21st century is coming, and the times provide an excellent opportunity for the people of Bazhou, that is, to develop the cultural heritage of Loulan and the ancient city in a planned way with the rapid economic development as an opportunity and the overall economic strength as the premise. Make them serve the construction of modern spiritual civilization and material civilization. In fact, this is the new life that we have given to Loulan culture in the new historical period. According to the historical records of Loulan country (Historical Records and Historical Records of Xiongnu Biography), as early as the 2nd century ago, Loulan was a famous country with walls in the western region. East to Dunhuang, northwest to Yanqi and Yuli, southwest to Ruoqiang and Qiemo. In ancient times, the north and south of the Silk Road diverged from Loulan. China, Wei and Jin Dynasties and Qianliang Period, the Institute of Western Regions has a long history. Located in the northwest of Lop Nur, Xinjiang. It is named after the Chinese documents unearthed in the site, in which the city is called Culolena and Loulan and HuluLaina. At the beginning of the 2th century, the Englishman Stan and others came here many times. After 195s, China scholars made investigations and excavations. Loulan is one of the 36 western regions, adjacent to Dunhuang, and closely related to the Han Dynasty around A.D.. The record of ancient Loulan is based on Biography of Historical Records of Dawan, Faxian and Xuanzang. 55-79 Record: Shanshan Kingdom, whose real name is Loulan, Anni City of Wang Zhizhi, went to Yangguan for 1,6 miles and lasted for 6,1 miles. 5,57 households, 44,1 households. According to Buddhism, this land is rugged and barren. Common clothes are the same as Han clothes, but carpet brown is different. Its king serves the law. There are more than 4 monks who know Hinayana. At the end of his trip, Genjyo Sanzo made a very simple narrative: from then on, he traveled thousands of miles to the old country of Napo, that is, Loulan Land. Loulan State in Han Dynasty sometimes became the eyes and ears of Xiongnu, and sometimes attached to Han Dynasty, playing with two-faced policies, which was between Han Dynasty and Xiongnu, and skillfully maintained its political life. Because Loulan is located in the transportation hub between Han and the western countries, Hanergy can't cross this area to fight Xiongnu, and Xiongnu can not threaten the power of Han Dynasty without using Loulan. Both Han and Xiongnu tried their best to appease Loulan. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian, the prince of Bo, to Da Yueshi, but failed to form an offensive and defensive alliance. Since then, he has sent troops to crusade against the distant kingdom of Dawan, and sent envoys to various countries in the western regions many times. When these messengers passed Loulan, Loulan killed them because of the heavy burden. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty finally sent troops to crusade against Loulan. As a result, Prince Loulan was sent to the Han Dynasty as a hostage as evidence of surrender. Loulan also sent a prince to the Xiongnu, saying that he was strictly neutral between Xiongnu and Han Chinese. Since then, when the Han Expeditionary Force attacked a vassal state of Xiongnu, King Loulan became attached to Xiongnu and stationed an ambush in Xiongnu's home, which angered the Han court. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once again sent troops to crusade against Loulan, forcing the capital to stand in a mud city. King Loulan was frightened and immediately opened the city gate to apologize. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty asked him to keep an eye on the Huns. King Loulan died in 92 BC, and the prince who was taken hostage in the Han Dynasty returned to the throne. The prince was very sad and didn't want to go back to China easily. His younger brother succeeded to the throne. The new king died without T for a long time, and the Huns took this opportunity to inherit the throne with the eldest son of the former king. He was near Yumenguan at his o
Loulan border, and the envoys of the Han nationality often traveled to the western countries through Yumenguan. They must pass through a desert called Bailongdui in Loulan. There is often wind in the desert, which throws quicksand into the air and makes people lose their way. The Han Dynasty constantly ordered Loulan Kingdom to provide guides and drinking water. Because the Chinese ambassador insulted the guide many times, Loulan refused to obey their orders, and their relationship deteriorated. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty finally sent an assassin to assassinate the new king. Marry a prince who is a hostage in the Han Dynasty, and send a Maggie back to Loulan to inherit the throne. But the king was afraid of being assassinated. In the name of protecting the king, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to Tunlan, thus gaining the initiative to crusade against Xiongnu and other countries in the Western Regions. The above is the relationship between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Loulan. Since then, the Han Dynasty has weakened, and Loulan has betrayed again. The Mystery of Loulan In 4 AD, Fa Xian, a monk, traveled west to learn from the scriptures and passed by here. He said in the biography of the western regions of Han Dynasty that this place is full of birds and beasts, everywhere, and only the bones of the dead are used to identify the ears. Loulan, an important town on the Silk Road, once flourished for nearly 5 years and gradually disappeared from the historical stage. After the 4th century AD, Loulan suddenly disappeared. According to "The Biography of the Western Regions in Hanshu", after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Loulan was seriously short of water due to the diversion of the middle reaches of the Tarim River. Soller from Dunhuang led 1, soldiers to Loulan, and also mobilized 3, soldiers from Shanshan, Yanqi and Qiuci to divert water from the river to Loulan day and night to alleviate the water shortage in Loulan. However, after that, despite Loulan's efforts and attempts to dredge the river, the ancient city of Loulan was finally abandoned because of water shortage. It is said that Loulan's death was caused by human beings, which violated the laws of nature. Loulan people blindly cut down and cut down trees, leading to soil erosion, sandstorm attack, river diversion, abnormal climate, plague epidemic, water reduction, salt and alkali accumulation, and finally the kingdom will inevitably perish. Anyway, one thing is certain, the last blow to Loulan people is the plague. This is a terrible acute infectious disease, called hot nest disease in legend. A disease caused the death of a village and a family. In the face of catastrophe, Loulan people chose to flee to-,just like the previous migration, which was forced. When the building collapsed, people blindly went up the Tarim River. Where there are trees and water, they go. Where they can live, they go, and only a few can live. Lazy people want to cry without tears. When they hit the road, they caught an unprecedented sandstorm and were buried in the grave. It's dark, flying sand and stones, and the sound is like a spectre. The ideal city collapsed and was scattered in the haze. At this point, the glorious ancient city of Loulan disappeared silently and forever from history. Although the fleeing Loulan people dream of reviving Loulan from generation to generation, the dream can only be a dream. Besides, in the end, even dreamers can not wait and disappear. Loulan is also the site of sandstorm and the kingdom of death. TTGTTG Loulan: The western regions in Han Dynasty, commonly known as Shanshan Country, is located in the southeast of Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and is an ancient civilization with a long history. 3 years, think about what this concept is and what time span it is. In 38, the Xia Dynasty was in power. The Loulan girl in the article lived in that era. No matter what the living condition was at that time, the beauty of Loulan girl crossed time and space and left it to us who lived after 38 years. It is not easy to find people who have never been to the ancient tomb ditch. In fact, this is a developing landform of Ya Dan, with similar gullies one after another, seemingly uniform and separated. It took us a lot of trouble to find the ancient tomb ditch in this gully group. The ancient tomb is only a few miles away from Peacock River, and the cemetery is selected on the platform, which is also in danger of flood control. It seems that people at that time liked Feng Shui very much. The first sight of the cemetery gives you a sense of shock. On the huge cemetery, it seems that countless radiant suns have fallen, and each sun is a grave. I can't help but think of this scene: did the nine suns shot the day after Sun Yi's shooting fall here? I counted every c
, and every cemetery in Populus euphratica has seven floors. The number seven must have had some meaning at that time. Maybe it's the same as the seven-story pagoda? On the periphery of the cemetery, there are some shallow graves. It is these small cemeteries that bring us unexpected surprises. When the first mummy appeared in front of us, everyone rushed to take pictures and left a permanent memorial. But I was lost in thought. I have seen the photos taken by Swing Heding of Loulan, and I was deeply impressed by the female corpse that year. Unexpectedly, I will witness the real image of Loulan with my own eyes, and the female corpse I saw with my own eyes gives me a strong feeling. Miss Loulan is really beautiful. Their faces are small, their chins are pointed and their eyes are big, which seems to make us feel the clarity and comfort in those bright eyes. Long eyelashes, countless. The high nose bridge effectively enhances the beauty of the whole face. Thick yellow-brown natural curly long hair, very stylish loose shawl, with a pointed felt hat wrapped around his head. The edge of the black felt hat is decorated with dazzling red wool, the color is harmonious and beautiful, and there are several brightly colored feathers around the top of the hat. The neck is covered with a layer of fluffy fur, which is both warm and beautiful. Naked body tightly wrapped in wool blanket. The exposed feet are wearing a pair of short waist boots that have been mended several times. The overall image is a charming and beautiful girl. Later, according to researcher Wang Binghua, director of Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, they told me that they used wood, woolen cloth and sheepskin unearthed from Tomb Valley Cemetery as materials, and invited many authoritative research institutions in China to make ***1 groups of carbon 14 measurements. Except for the big difference between the two groups, the others are around 38. Basically, it can be considered that the burial date of the ancient Zhugou tomb was around 38 years ago. There was once a story about two different sets of measurements. That year, Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology sent someone to Loulan's female corpse to Shanghai for exhibition, and eager reporters rushed to the airport to meet her. The comrade in charge of escort in the archaeological institute accidentally told the wrong age of the female corpse. The next day, Shanghai's "The Biography of Hanshu in the Western Regions" first published a report, saying that the female corpse of Loulan was 6 years old. This 6,-year-old corpse far surpassed the record of the 5,-year-old mummy of the Egyptian Pharaoh and caused a sensation in the world. Fortunately, this error was corrected after a large number of test results came out. Although Lou's female corpse is only 38 years old, it is preserved in a natural state and well preserved enough to set a world record. On the unearthed female corpse, we found withered bedbugs and dead lice in her slender blonde hair. Lice and bedbugs are heat-induced parasitic insects, but did they not leave because of human death and cooling, or because they had a deep love with the beautiful Loulan girl? this