_ _ Directory _ _
★ How do Mongolians celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival ★
★ Mid-Autumn Festival customs of ethnic minorities ★
★ What are the traditional customs of Mid-Autumn Festival ★
★ Mid-Autumn Festival related custom activities ★
★ Changes in Mid-Autumn Festival customs ★
How do Mongolians celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival?
Eat moon cakes:
I believe there will be no place not to eat moon cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival, but the moon cakes in Inner Mongolia are somewhat different. In the past, when making moon cakes, people would take a piece from the moon cake, put a small ball in it and mix it in the moon cake pile. Whoever can eat this moon cake will become the person who brings happiness to everyone in this year. This person is called "Fuxing". Of course, during the Mid-Autumn Festival, there are such small balls in the basic pieces of moon cakes.
Play with the moon:
In Inner Mongolia, enjoying the moon is called playing with the moon. The way is basically the same. There is a mat in front of the house with pickled moon cakes on it. Family members sit cross-legged around pickled moon cakes, chatting under the moon and praying for brothers and sisters who are far away from home.
Chasing the moon:
On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, Mongolian teenagers mounted horses and galloped on the grassland in the silver moonlight. They galloped west, and the moon rose in the east and set in the west. Persistent Mongolian riders, until the moon goes down, "chasing the moon" is more than that.
Burning lamp:
This is a popular way to celebrate festivals in Inner Mongolia in recent years. Every Mid-Autumn Festival night, a bamboo lamp will be lit in front of every house. While children are running around with all kinds of lanterns to see whose lanterns are more beautiful.
This is the Mongolian Mid-Autumn Festival. In fact, the Mid-Autumn Festival can't be passed. How to spend the Mid-Autumn Festival depends on yourself ~ I wish you all a happy Mid-Autumn Festival.
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Mid-Autumn Festival Customs of Ethnic Minorities
1, Mongolian
Mongolians like to play the game of "chasing the moon" in the Mid-Autumn Festival. People are riding horses and galloping on the grassland in the silver moonlight. They galloped west, and the moon rose in the east and set in the west. Persistent Mongolian riders, until the moon goes down, "chasing the moon" is more than that.
2. Tibetans
The custom of Tibetan compatriots in some parts of Tibet to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival is "searching for the moon". That night, young men, women and dolls, along the river, followed the bright moon reflected in the water, took pictures of the moon shadows in the surrounding ponds, and then went home to eat moon cakes.
3. Dong people in Guangxi
The Dong people in Guangxi have the custom of "walking on the moon". On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, Song Lusheng and the dance team in the cottage walked all the way to the nearby cottage, and got together with the villagers to enjoy the moon, sing and dance, and spent a long and happy night.
4. Deang nationality in Yunnan.
De 'ang people in Yunnan celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. Young men and women of De 'ang nationality in Luxi, Yunnan, hang high in the Mid-Autumn Festival. When the sky is particularly bright, there are melodious cucurbits from time to time. Young men and women "string up the moon" together and pour out their hearts. Some also set an engagement by sending betel nuts and tea through "string month".
5. Yi people in Yunnan
The traditional custom of Yunnan Yi people's Mid-Autumn Festival is "jumping on the moon". At night, men, women and children in this ethnic village gather in the open space of the mountain village. Girls wearing belts and veils, boys wearing cloth belts, old people, old women and children all sang and danced enthusiastically, especially the duet of young men and women expressing their love, as if the moon had been moved by it, which made it even more charming and bright.
Click to view: Mid-Autumn Festival customs
6. Dai people in Yunnan
On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the custom of "Yue Bai" prevails. According to Dai's legend, the moon was changed by the emperor's third son. In short, he is a brave and strong young man. He led the Dai people to defeat the enemy and won the love of the Dai people. Later, after his unfortunate death, he became the moon, rose to the sky, and continued to emit soft moonlight, bringing light to the Dai people in the dark. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, young people go up the mountain early in the morning with gunpowder guns to shoot fire finches and pheasants to hunt holiday game. Girls and daughters-in-law are busy catching fish in the lake pond. They are all busy preparing holiday dinner. The old lady is busy frying glutinous rice and cooking different sizes of food. Put a round glutinous rice cake on each corner of the four tables, and insert a wick of Leng Xiang into each cake. As soon as the moon rises above the mountains, Leng Xiang will be lit, and the whole family will begin to "Yue Bai". Then, put a gunpowder gun in the air to show respect for the hero's rock tip. Finally, the family happily sat around the small square table, enjoying delicious food and enjoying the moon.
7. Gelao nationality
On the "Tiger Day" before the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Gelao people slaughtered a bull in the village, leaving the heart of the bull for the Mid-Autumn Festival night to worship the ancestors and welcome the new valley. They call it "August Festival".
8. Koreans
Koreans use wooden poles and pine branches to build a "moon-watching frame". When the bright moon is lifted off, please invite several elected old people to board the moon viewing frame. After watching the moon, the old man will light up the moon-watching frame, play the flute and dance the "peasant dance" together.
9. Miao nationality
On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, Miao people bathed in moonlight, played melodious lusheng and danced with Miao family. In the activity of "making trouble with the moon", young people look for the right person for each other and tell each other to be as pure and bright as the moon and clear water, and never give up for a hundred years.
10, Ashi nationality
Jump on the moon. The traditional habit of Assisi people to celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival is to "jump on the moon". On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the girls in tulle jumped up from the villages and gathered in the open space of the mountain village, and the big three-stringed boys also jumped up. However, what is particularly provocative is the duet of young men and women expressing their love, as if the moon was moved by Li.
1 1, Gaoshan nationality
"Watching the Moon" The Gaoshan compatriots living in the mountainous areas of Taiwan Province Province put on national costumes, sat around singing and dancing, drank wine and watched the moon, and enjoyed family happiness during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
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What are the traditional customs of Mid-Autumn Festival?
1. Tide watching: In ancient times, Zhejiang Mid-Autumn Festival was another activity besides moon watching. The custom of watching tide in Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history, which is described in detail in Mei Cheng's Seven Mao Fu in Han Dynasty. After the Han Dynasty, Mid-Autumn tide watching became more popular. There are also records of watching the tide in Zhu Tinghuan's Ming Bu Wulin Past and Zi Mu's Meng Lianglu.
2. Lighting: The candle burning in the Mid-Autumn Night Lantern is tied to a bamboo pole with a rope and stands high on the tile eaves or terraces, or is built into a glyph or a shape with small lights and hung on the height of the house, commonly known as' Mid-Autumn Festival on the tree' or' Mid-Autumn Festival vertically'. Rich people can hang lights as high as tens of feet. Families gather under the lamp to enjoy drinking, and ordinary people erect a flagpole and two lanterns to enjoy themselves. The city is full of lights and glass. From ancient times to the present, the scale of the custom of burning lanterns in Mid-Autumn Festival seems to be second only to the Lantern Festival.
3. Guess: On the full moon night of Mid-Autumn Festival, many lanterns will be hung in public places. People get together to guess the riddles written on lanterns. Because this is the favorite activity of most young men and women, love stories will also be heard in these activities, so solve riddles on the lanterns is also a form of love between men and women in the Mid-Autumn Festival.
4. Eating moon cakes: Eating moon cakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival is a necessary custom in all parts of China. As the saying goes, "Moon cakes are sweet and fragrant when they are full on August 15th". The word moon cake originated from Liang Lumeng written by Wu in the Southern Song Dynasty, when it was just a snack. Later, people gradually associated moon viewing with moon cakes, symbolizing family reunion and bearing their thoughts. At the same time, moon cakes are also an important gift for friends to contact their feelings during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
5. Burning Tower: The game of burning tile lamp (or burning flower tower, burning tile tower and burning fan tower) is widely circulated in the south. For example, Volume 5 of China Folk Customs: "On the Mid-Autumn Festival night in Jiangxi, children usually pick up tiles in the wild and pile them into round towers with holes. At dusk, it is burned in the firewood tower under the bright moon. As soon as the tiles burned red, kerosene was poured on the fire, and suddenly the fields were red and bright as day.
Sacrifice the moon, admire the moon and admire Yue Bai.
In the Book of Rites, it has been recorded that "autumn twilight and the moon" means to worship the moon god. At this time, a ceremony to welcome the cold Yue Bai will be held, and an incense table will be set up. In the Zhou Dynasty, every Mid-Autumn Festival night, activities to welcome the cold and offer sacrifices to the moon were held. Put a big incense table, with moon cakes, watermelons, apples, red dates, plums, grapes and other sacrifices, among which moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable, and watermelons should be cut into lotus shapes. Under the moon, put the moon statue in the direction of the moon, and the red candle burns high. The whole family takes turns in Yue Bai, and then the housewife cuts the reunion moon cakes. If people are laid off in advance, the number of people in the whole family will be counted, including those at home and those from other places. You can't lay off more or less, but the size should be the same. Among ethnic minorities, the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon is also very popular.
According to legend, the ugly women in ancient Qi had no salt. When she was young, she was very devout to Yue Bai. When she grew up, she entered the palace with superior moral character, but she was not loved. Seeing the moon on August 15th, the son of heaven saw her in the moonlight and thought she was beautiful and outstanding. Later, he made her queen, and Yue Bai came from the Mid-Autumn Festival. In the middle of the moon, Chang 'e is famous for its beauty, so Yue Bai, a young girl, wants to be "like Chang 'e and have a bright moon". On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the Dai people in Yunnan also have the custom of "Yue Bai".
The custom of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival is very popular in the Tang Dynasty, and many poets have poems about the moon in their masterpieces. In the Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival was more popular. On this day, "your family decorates pavilions, and people compete for restaurants to play the moon." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yue Bai enjoyed more moon-watching activities, and many places of interest such as Yue Bai altar, moon-worshipping pavilion and moon-watching building remained in various parts of China. Literati have a soft spot for enjoying the moon. They went upstairs to admire the moon, or invited the moon by boating, drank wine and wrote poems, leaving many famous sentences. For example, Du Fu's "The Night of August 15th" uses the bright moon symbolizing reunion to set off his wandering worries in a foreign land; Su Shi, a literary giant in the Song Dynasty, was drunk in the Mid-Autumn Festival, and wrote "Water Tune Song Tou", which is a metaphor for people's separation due to the lack of the moon. To this day, it is still one of the essential activities of the Mid-Autumn Festival for the whole family to sit together and enjoy the beautiful scenery of the bright moon in the sky.
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Customs activities related to Mid-Autumn Festival
First, Yue Bai prayed for God's blessing.
As far as geomantic omen is concerned, Yue Bai can pray for the Mid-Autumn Festival. The Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar is also the Christmas of Luna. Because of the radiant light, the moon is particularly bright and round every Mid-Autumn Festival night. Therefore, if everyone is sincere to Elder Yue Bai, they can feel the spirit, get what they want and get what they are lucky for. The specific methods are as follows: after the Mid-Autumn Festival dinner, when the whole family eats moon cakes and enjoys the moon together, they can prepare three kinds of fruits, cakes, paper money for worshipping the gods and a clean bowl, and then burn incense and paper money to worship the moon god. They said: the moon god is above you. This Christmas, believers sincerely worship the moon god. Please be merciful and bless my luck come true!
Second, don't look at the moon alone.
Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, some people will watch the moon alone for various reasons, reminding a person not to watch the moon in sparsely populated places as much as possible, let alone by the river or by the sea.
Third, touching the scene is easy to feel.
The moon is a symbol of peace and sadness. It is suggested that friends who have just broken up or divorced or are prone to depression should watch the moon as little as possible to avoid emotional harm.
Fourth, gather popularity.
Friends who usually have a small population at home can invite friends or family members to sit and walk at home on holidays, which is conducive to the prosperity of the family.
Five, add expensive gas
During the Mid-Autumn Festival, you can put a few pots of green plants at home, which can not only add gas field to your home, but also enhance the gas field at home in Feng Shui. The house we live in also needs to add something occasionally, which will be very expensive.
Sixth, stay away from bad magnetism.
Friends who are usually busy at work can regularly clean up some unused, nostalgic and sad items and medical records during festivals, which is another way to stay away from the bad magnetic field in Feng Shui.
Seven, promote marriage
In the Mid-Autumn Festival, this day is also regarded as a good day to promote marriage. If single people get old in Yue Bai on this day, they will have a greater chance to find a good marriage, so that all shall be well. Therefore, Huaguo can prepare to come to Yue Bai to get a dinner for the elderly on this day, chanting: Today is the Mid-Autumn Festival, and pray that the elderly can hook up with someone to get married under the moon, so that someone can get married early and all their wishes come true!
Draw another red line on the box. Say your wishes by reciting your name, and pray that you can find the ideal object by protecting yourself. Please describe the expected conditions of your partner, and pray that you draw a red line for your marriage, and wear it with you and put it in your purse or under your pillow.
Eight, full of energy
The bright and soft moonlight on Mid-Autumn Festival fills the room with warmth. It is suggested that you can also put a lamp or light butter lamps or candles on the financial position at home, and turn them on at night to illuminate your fortune, which can make your gas field more full of energy and your personal fortune smoother.
Nine, make your own good wishes
At the full moon, you can also make any good wishes for yourself at the moon, and the old man will help you realize your wishes!
Ten, promote the harmony of relatives, friends and lovers.
Mid-Autumn Festival reunion, we must have a reunion dinner together! Therefore, in the annual Mid-Autumn Festival, people who are separated from each other and have few family members can have a reunion dinner with the help of the Mid-Autumn Festival, adding a beautiful fate to themselves and promoting harmony among relatives, friends and lovers.
Eleven, the Mid-Autumn Festival put the Kongming Lantern Cage.
Kongming lanterns are also called blessing lanterns and sky lanterns among the people. According to legend, when Pingyang was besieged by Sima Yi, Zhu Gekongming sent troops out of the city for help. Kong Ming calculated the wind direction, made a floating paper lantern and tied a distress message on it. The consequences were unimaginable, so later generations called this lantern Kongming Lantern. At the same time, Kongming Lantern is shaped like a hat worn by Zhuge Liang, so it has the reputation of "blessing lamp" and "safety lamp". In the Mid-Autumn Festival, a beautiful reunion festival, flying Kongming lanterns can also bring me good luck.
Kongming lanterns are mostly used for blessing. Every year, men, women and children personally write down their wishes for blessing and pray for happiness. In modern times, remind everyone to pay attention to environmental safety when flying Kongming lanterns.
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Changes of Mid-Autumn Festival Customs
Ancient times: Yue Bai prayed for a beautiful face.
From ancient times to the present, the most famous legend about Mid-Autumn Festival is the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. According to public information, folk Mid-Autumn Festival activities began in Wei and Jin Dynasties, but they did not become a habit. In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival. Many poets wrote poems about the moon in their masterpieces.
In the Song Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival centered on the activities of appreciating the moon was formed. "Tokyo Dream of China Record" records: "Before the Mid-Autumn Festival, each shop sold new wine, your family decorated pavilions, and people competed for restaurants to play the moon. They sang songs from a distance and sat until dawn. " It can be seen that the Mid-Autumn Festival in the Song Dynasty is a sleepless night, the night market is open all night, and there are an endless stream of tourists playing with the moon.
The worship of the moon began in the Zhou Dynasty. Earlier, it was said that ancient literati were used to enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival and writing poems to cherish people. Ordinary people get together with their families, share "reunion cakes" and have the custom of "Yue Bai". Xiao Fang said that Yue Bai is an activity to worship the moon god, which was popular after the Song Dynasty. Generally speaking, the Yue Bai ceremony is held on the evening of August 15, and the memorial tablet of Luna is placed at home or outdoors to offer offerings such as melons, fruits and moon cakes. And then worship and pray for the blessing of the moon god.
"The Tang Dynasty did have the fashion of enjoying the moon, but Yue Bai did not have this custom; In Yue Bai in Song Dynasty, men and women had different needs: men hoped to gain a good reputation in the imperial examinations, while women prayed for a beautiful face. With the evolution of the times, after the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was a saying that' men don't Yue Bai, women don't sacrifice stoves'. " The expert said positively.
The origin and evolution of Mid-Autumn Festival, an ancient and rich custom, has made many scholars think hard. It is said that the word "Mid-Autumn Festival" first appeared in Zhou Li, which originated from ancestors' worship of the moon. According to the ancient calendar of China, there are four seasons in a year, and each season has three months, which are called Meng Yue, Zhongyue and Yue Ji respectively, so the second month of autumn is called Zhong Qiu, and the Mid-Autumn Festival is called "Mid-Autumn Festival" because it falls on the 15th day of August in the lunar calendar. According to legend, in ancient China, the emperor had a system of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and the moon in autumn. In the folk, every Mid-Autumn Festival in August, there is also a custom about Yue Bai or offering sacrifices to the moon.
With the development of the times, appreciating the moon in Mid-Autumn Festival has become a new cultural habit, but it has not been combined with social life. Since the Song Dynasty, enjoying the moon has become one of the entertainment contents of family festivals. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the tradition of enjoying the moon was gradually replaced by the folk custom in Yue Bai. Moon cakes are also the product of this process.
Modern: eat new rice, and the future son-in-law will give gifts at home
China's food culture is prosperous, and all kinds of delicious food are presented around major festivals, and the Mid-Autumn Festival is no exception, among which moon cakes are the representative. It is reported that moon cakes, also known as Hu cakes, palace cakes, moon groups, harvest cakes and reunion cakes, originated from the need of the moon god's sacrifice.
Since the Song Dynasty, moon cakes have gradually become popular among the people, and the words about moon cakes appeared earlier in Su Dongpo's poems in the Northern Song Dynasty. "Small cakes are like chewing the moon, and there is satiny in the crisp." The word "moon cake" existed in Wu's "Liang Lumeng" in the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the description of enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival was not recorded until the West Lake Travel Agency in the Ming Dynasty: "August 15th is called the Mid-Autumn Festival, and people give moon cakes to each other to show their reunion". This description gradually increased after the Qing Dynasty, and the recorded method of making moon cakes was gradually improved.
"The Mid-Autumn Festival coincides with the autumn harvest, the new valley is full of fruits and vegetables, and the new wine is listed at the same time, so the Mid-Autumn Festival is rich in food." According to reports, in addition to eating moon cakes, people will get together to drink, eat new rice, play with moon soup (soup made of longan, lotus seeds and lotus root powder), and there are osmanthus ducks in Nanjing, so the diet is not rich.
Watching the moon around the Mid-Autumn Festival in Yue Bai, there are also many local folk customs. According to reports, among them, male prostitutes, Yue Bai menstruation, Yue Bai, walking and singing the moon are typical, as well as activities such as burning pagoda lanterns, flying Kongming lanterns and stealing moon dishes. During this period, the folk future son-in-law will also give gifts and propose marriage, and will settle accounts and pay wages in some economic activities.
In the south, the play of "cloth champion" in Jiangnan is more distinctive, that is, the moon cake is cut into three pieces, large, medium and small, stacked together, and the biggest one is placed below, which is the "champion"; The medium is placed in the middle, which is the "second place"; The smallest one is on the top, which is "flower exploration". Then the whole family rolls dice, and whoever has the most numbers is the champion, eating big pieces; Followed by second place and flower exploration, fun.
"There is little difference between the North and the South in the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the main mooncakes have different tastes. Of course, there are also subtle differences in some specific festivals and customs. For example, there are gods such as male prostitutes in the northern region, and most of the southern regions worship the invisible moon god. " According to reports, in terms of holiday entertainment, family reunion is the main activity in the northern region, and there are more outdoor entertainment activities in the Mid-Autumn Festival in the southern region. As mentioned earlier, burning pagoda lights and dancing grass dragons all belong to this category.
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