Cattle is a familiar animal in China, and it is also one of the 12 Zodiacs. But from a biological point of view, foreigners may not know the genus China, and many of us have not studied it carefully: Are you a yellow cow or a buffalo? When a person is full, this is not a blind problem, but biologically, there are two genera under the oxidation family of mammals, 33,354 cows and buffaloes. They are completely two animals, and they can't even "intermarry".
In Junfeng Paper-cut Workshop, Shuangqiao District, Chengde City, Hebei Province, Shi Junfeng, a paper-cut artist, created paper-cut works with the theme of New Year's Eve, Spring Festival and Zodiac Cattle (taken on 20021year129 October). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Liu)
A similar situation is also reflected in the zodiac of sheep: Are you a sheep or a sheep?
On the other hand, people in China feel very cordial and close to cows and buffaloes. Generally speaking, there are many yellow cattle in the north and many buffalo in the south; There are many yellow cattle in Mongolia and Xinjiang pastoral areas, and many yak in Tibet pastoral areas. Cattle, one of the largest domesticated species, can only be compared with horses and camels. But since ancient times, cattle have been domesticated and distributed more widely than horses and camels.
Although cattle are strong, they are generally gentle, which is also the nature of large herbivores. Although his temperament is generally mild, once he has a bad temper, it will be terrible and scary. This rich personality makes the cow look more real and lovely.
Cattle are widely used in agriculture, meat and milk. To use an old saying, it is "full of treasures." In the eyes of many farmers, it is like a hardworking and trustworthy family. Many myths and legends are also based on this "cow hypothesis", such as the old cow in the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
Liu Yuan tells you why Niu Niu is so cute.
In ancient China, there were many poems related to cattle. Brother Shi first introduces Liu Zongyuan's "Niu Fu":
If you know cows? A cow is a thing. It has a huge head. Ears holding horns, fur is thin and thick. However, Mou Ming and Huang Zhong are full of bitterness. Conflict with Longxi until 100 A Mu Day. Stand up straight, plant grass and millet. Stand on your own feet and take the box away. Entering the official warehouse is not to my liking. Rich and hungry, but useless. Mud is wrinkled and often appears in the grass. People are not ashamed, and the world is cold. Skin is good for you, shoulders are bad for you. Or grab a cane, or really suck a bean, so you can watch, nothing else.
This essay was written after Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Liuzhou (now Liuzhou, Guangxi), feeling that the local people killed cattle. He suggested that local people:
Do you know anything about cows? This kind of animal, cattle, is burly, with a huge head, drooping ears, horns in hand and thin fur and thick skin. Cows in Cleisthenes have deep and heavy voices, just like yellow deer. It plows 100 mu of land under the scorching sun every day; Pulling plows and rakes back and forth in the fields is the only way to get seedlings, rice and wheat. It grows and harvests grain. It carries boxes, pulls carts and sends food to the granary, but it doesn't eat a bite. Whether in rich or poor families, whether full or hungry, it is working hard. You people who don't know compassion and gratitude have killed cows for your own benefit, and the leather horns from head to toe have come in handy. Some people wear cows on their noses as offerings. Alas, in any case, no other animal can compare with the contribution of cattle to our human beings!
It should be said that this is a very warm, textbook-level exposition. I feel that Liu Zongyuan almost blurted out, "Niu Niu is so cute, how can you kill Niu Niu?"
In fact, in ancient times, due to the important role of cattle in agricultural production, it was the mainstream thought to kill cattle carefully and prohibit it. "The great event of the country lies in worship and embarrassment." In the early Shang and Zhou dynasties and the pre-Qin period, people only killed cows as sacrifices on important occasions such as sacrifices and expeditions. In the vassal alliance, they will slaughter animals such as cattle and horses to "bleed for the alliance", and those who get "cow ears" will be the leader.
"It's almost dawn, and the sheep and cows are coming down."
China Tianyuan
Because cattle is one of the earliest domesticated livestock, and also because cattle is one of the livestock closest to human beings, in China's earliest poetry collection "The Book of Songs", cattle appear very frequently.
The husband is far away.
A gentleman in service, I don't know his date. what's up
Chickens live in nests. It was getting late, and all the cattle and sheep came down.
My husband served in the distance. How could I think of him?
A gentleman is in service, and there is no day or month. What's wrong with it?
Chickens live in the street. As dusk approaches, cattle and sheep are surrounded.
If a gentleman is a servant, if he is hungry?
If there is an idyllic poem, it is a real idyllic poem, and a picture of China's ancient pastoral life is displayed in front of us. However, pastoral is not a vacuum, it also contains sadness and yearning. This poem depicts my husband fighting for his country and my wife looking after the house alone.
"The gentleman is in service, I don't know when." "A gentleman is in service, but not dead." My husband is working hard outside and doesn't know when he can go home. Please think back to the scene of your home. "Chickens live in nests. At dusk, both the rooster and the hen returned to the henhouse, chattering endlessly. Cattle and sheep that have been raised outside for a day slowly walk down the grassy slope, and their figures are shrouded in the sunset, forming a silhouette of activities. " A gentleman is serving food, but he is hungry? "Husband, are you hungry and thirsty outside alone?
"When night fell, the cattle and sheep went down the mountain." Cattle and sheep are like family members who can't talk, and gentle eyes are an indispensable element in a warm home.
Such beautiful sentences have been circulated for a long time and have been used for reference by many poets in later generations. Du Fu wrote "Sunset" when he was a guest in Kuizhou, Three Gorges in Tang Dynasty;
Cattle and sheep have come back from the fields, and every household is closed.
The breeze is a charming night, but the beautiful mountain is not your home.
The spring water flows down from the stone wall, and the dew on autumn night condenses on the grass roots.
Under the background of gray hair and bright lights, why did Butler Rice splash a spark of good news?
Living in a foreign country, at dusk, when I see cattle and sheep coming down, I can't help but think of the poems in the Book of Songs and miss my hometown.
In ancient times, cattle and sheep were not only the spiritual sustenance of families, but also the important material wealth of families.
No sheep
Who says you don't have sheep? Three-dimensional group, who said there were no cows? Ninety.
When a sheep thinks, its horns hum. My ears get wet at the thought of myself.
Or fall to the ground, or drink the pool water, or sleep or rot.
Think about it, you will be ashamed of it, or you will be ashamed of it.
Animals have three-dimensional things.
Pastoral thinking, wage steaming, female to male.
& gt
Think about it, sheep, shame, conscience, will not collapse.
I'm willing to use my arms. I'll get up when I come.
Shepherd is a dream, many dimensional fish, _ dimensional _ easy. Adults account for:
Multiple yuan fish, real yuan harvest; _ Wei _ Yi, my home is Qin Qin.
The tone of this poem is humorous. It seems that a rich man is complaining in Versailles style: "Alas, I really have nothing at home, not many sheep and not many cows?" As a result, I was immediately ridiculed: "Who said you don't have a sheep? A group of 300 heads. Who says you don't have a cow? There are 90 scalpers. Look at the sheep in the sheepfold, the horns are all saved together! Look at the cows in the cowshed, shaking their ears and ruminating? "
Not only humor, but also meticulous observation: "When Niu Er comes to think, his ears are wet". "Wet" does not mean wet, but the way his ears shake. Cows are ruminants. They eat quickly, eat a lot, and then ruminate carefully. When I was ruminating, I looked quite relaxed and shook my ears.
"Or go to Afghanistan, or drink in the swimming pool, or sleep, or correct mistakes. When you start thinking about it, you will forget it, or you will forget it. Three-dimensional things, but you have sacrifices. " Some of your cattle and sheep graze on the mountains, some drink water by the river, some lie down and some walk. Some of your shepherds wear hemp fiber and hats, and some carry dry food. So many cattle and sheep must be enough for sacrifice!
The whole poem consists of four paragraphs. Although it is long and there are many uncommon words, we can still strongly feel the scene described in the poem, after a thousand years.
Through the poems of the shepherd boy, we can see the harmony between man and animals.
When it comes to cattle, we can't help but think of a kind of people who can't live without it-shepherd boy. Have you ever thought that, as a monster, China people would trust children to graze it? What does this mean? It shows that the cow is a kind and reassuring animal.
Among China's ancient poems, there are countless pastoral poems, many of which are very interesting:
Pastoral ci
Tang zhangji
Cattle are driven far away, and the grass around the village is dense.
Hunger in a vicious circle pecks at the back of a cow, so I can't play with my head.
Into the vicious grass, many cows spread out and sang to the reeds when they were white.
Blowing leaves across the embankment should be accompanied by three or four whips.
Niu Niu's herbivores didn't touch each other, so the housekeeper cut off his head.
Around the village, trees are lush and crops are bumper. Crows and herons on the hillside fly to the back of cattle to peck. In the eyes of the old cow, this may be tickling and catching lice, which is not enough; In the shepherd boy's view, these birds are really annoying and need to be driven away constantly, so they can't enjoy running wild in the fields.
There is so much grass on the hillside that all the cows are in twos and threes. Snow-white calf came to the reed grass by the river, and Cleisthenes chirped.
The shepherd boy picked up the reed pole, made a reed whistle and blew it leisurely. On the other side of the river bank, there came the same melodious flute, which turned out to be A Niu in the neighboring village. The flute sounded intermittent and the bullwhip sounded crisp. After playing, the shepherd is quite dedicated.
In Jiaji Town, qionghai city, Hainan Province, two birds rest on the buffalo head for food (photo taken on August 2, 2020). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Meng Zhongde)
Cattle "have a meeting", it is inevitable to bump into it and make a top corner. The shepherd boy waved his whip again: "cowboy, stop fighting!" Be careful when the housekeeper comes, and cut off all your horns to use as horn and bow glue. " Maybe adults teach children to scare people with bureaucrats.
Pastoral ci
Photo by Tang Li
In the morning, go to herd cattle, and the cattle will go to Jiangwan.
Go to herd cattle at night and drive cattle in the village.
Walking in the rain-covered Woods, folding and lying on the green grass, singing a little song.
The waist is full of short arrows of basil, and I am no longer afraid of tigers biting my calves.
When spring comes to the earth, the cattle are driven away, and the cattle are driven away day and night. The spring rain rustles through the hat. Lying on the reed pipe, the grass is green. Suddenly, the shepherd boy climbed onto the back of the cow and stood upright on it. His waist is full of newly pulled reed stalks, slender and green, with a sharp head like a sharp arrow. "Great tiger, I'm not afraid. I will shoot if I dare to come! " Newborn calves are not afraid of tigers, just right!
cattle rearing
Song luyou
Nancun Cowherd stands upright barefoot.
The clothes were cold, and Dai Li plunged Shan Yu.
Don't worry about the depth of the stream, black cattle can float.
It is as safe as a boat for a child to step on the back of a cow.
In the rural area of his hometown of Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), Lu You wrote a large number of poems full of pastoral interest, including Cowherd. Poetry is easy to understand, just like nursery rhymes. "Cowherd in Nancun stands upright barefoot" and "A boy feels as safe as a boat when stepping on the back of a cow" are all "traditional artistic skills" of a China shepherd boy. He stepped on the cow's back, and the cow walked and I walked. Cows are not afraid to enter the water. Cows seem to have a tacit understanding with the shepherd boy. There is always a cow with its back exposed on the water, like a boat.
Farmers in Baihezui Village, Yueming Town, Huaying City, Sichuan Province "plow spring cattle" in the field (photo taken on February 2, 20021year). Xinhua News Agency (photo by Qiu)
Careful people will find that the scenes of the above-mentioned pastoral poems all take place in waterfront wetlands, and the cows they graze are undoubtedly the buffalo in the south, that is, "black cattle." So, are there any poems about herding cattle? Of course there is!
find
Qingyuanmei
Cowboys ride on the backs of oxen, and songs echo in the forest.
Suddenly want to catch the song of the tree, immediately stop singing and stand by the tree silently.
The same tall and straight cow back, the same naughty innocence, the same tacit understanding, the same harmony between people and animals.
Related questions and answers: I want money to buy a kind-hearted person who is good at playing the zodiac. Take the lead. The rabbit is king. Hit a zodiac killer. Play a zodiac with three religions and nine rivers and lakes. Want money to buy a kind heart, good at playing the zodiac.