The mistletoe fern has a thick fleshy rhizome, which is tightly attached to the bark of the plant to which it is attached, and there are many roots on it. The roots are covered with protective brown scales. There are two kinds of leaves on the rhizome, one is upright, pinnately divided, thick and hard, with smooth upper surface and many brown spots on the lower surface, which contains many powdery particles, called "spore leaves"; The other is an oval lobule, sessile, with a shallow edge, obliquely attached to the rhizome, which does not produce spores and only carries out photosynthesis, which is called vegetative leaf in botany.
The structure and physiological function of Quercus variabilis can adapt to high altitude life.
Ferns spread by producing spores, which are small particles of active substances wrapped in hard shells. Thousands of mature spores are released into the air and float like dust. They grow in the lower part of compound leaves, forming sporangium structure. Each sporangium group consists of one sporangium, and each sporangium consists of 64 spores. Large ferns can produce millions of spores a year.
Lycopodium is not a bryophyte, but a relative of fern and equisetum. They are small plants with tiny single leaves hovering over their stems. Lycopodium is extremely abundant in the tropics. They can grow on the ground or trees like epiphytes.