1, geographical location:
After the Song Dynasty moved south, the phenomenon of Han people moving south was obvious, and the migrant population gradually took root and developed around the Yangtze River basin and the Pearl River basin, which was the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang made unified China the capital of Nanjing for the first time, and a large number of rich people and craftsmen moved to Nanjing, becoming a veritable immigrant city.
2. Ideologically:
In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang was suspicious by nature. In order to consolidate Zhu's political power, he used eight-part essay to select scholars, stifle literati's thoughts and reuse eunuchs as rulers. Eunuchs are distributed in the political departments of provinces.
In addition, Zhu Yuanzhang also tried to disperse the forces of local governors, suppress the financial resources of a generation of rich people in the south of the Yangtze River, and so on, in order to avoid the vivid rebellion of local forces.
3. politically:
The Ming Dynasty was the last dynasty in the history when the Han people established political power. At that time, there was a literary inquisition, and most of the literati suffered political persecution. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the life of literati was difficult, and the phenomenon of not being an official was obvious. Most of the literati chose to abandon their officials and embark on the road of doing business, so there was a phenomenon that literati, officials and businessmen became people.
Wu Pai, a literati painter in the middle of Ming Dynasty, represented by Shen Zhou, Tang Yin, is the best example. They witnessed official corruption and resolutely devoted themselves to the field of art, poetry and painting.
4. Economically:
The most obvious phenomenon is the rise and fall of the economic lifeline between the north and the south of China and the great shift of the economic center of gravity, such as the gathering of talents, the rise of water transport, and the prevalence of ceramics and silk weaving.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, part of the government's finance gradually moved south. At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, although the capital was Bianjing, the central government invested more in the south in order to adapt to the grain transportation policy. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the southern economy flourished.
The productive forces are highly developed, and the annual income expansion exceeds that of the north, especially in the coastal areas, where foreign trade is booming, commercial transactions at trading ports are grand and guilds are developed.
5. Culturally:
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the economic center of gravity gradually moved to the south, the southern region was slightly rich, commercial phenomena flourished, the status of businessmen improved, and commercial achievements became the basis for studying and being an official.
As a result, there are more rich people in Jiangnan, and there are more and more opportunities to study. The scene of social prosperity has prompted the emergence of talent pool, and the cultural forces in the south have also accumulated results.
For example, since the early Northern Song Dynasty, the South devoted itself to the development of Neo-Confucianism, gradually accumulated rich culture, and some clever intellectuals promoted political changes, which successively promoted the popularization of China traditional culture among the people.
There are clues in the imperial examination. In the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the uneven talents in the imperial examinations between the North and the South, there were more southerners than northerners, so the government restricted the quota and sought fairness. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, imperial examinations were ignored. After the mid-term, examinations were held to win over the Han people and serve the imperial court, and the candidates prospered in the south and declined in the north.