Today's southeast of Seoul (called Seoul in Japan) was once the capital of Baekje Kingdom in ancient times, and was called Comfort City and Hanshan City. Historical records record that King Baekje "built cities and pavilions with earth, all of which are resplendent and magnificent". In the 24th year of Baekje, Minister Zuo Ping Fu You rebelled, and Wang Fabing asked for it. The site of Weilicheng that day is in the Olympic Park in Songpo District today. Now there are several city walls in the park, called Mengcun Tucheng. In the 30 years of Zhenping, Koguryo attacked Baekje with 6,000 soldiers and fought in Hanshan City. General Silla led 3,000 soldiers to help and greatly defeated Li's soldiers.
After Baekje's national subjugation, Seoul was occupied by Silla and renamed Hanshan County and Hanyang County. In the seventeenth year of Silla Xiande, Jin Xianchang, the son of Zhou, the son of Nizhou County, rebelled and wanted to build a capital in Hanyang. The Northern Han satrap wisely captured him and punished him. After Li Chenggui established the Korean dynasty, he felt that Wang Jing of Korea (now Kaesong) was already very weak, so Quan Zhonghe, Zheng and others chose the best place and started to build a new capital in Hanyang, north of the Han River, on 1392. The mountains are surrounded by water, with Beishan and Beiyue in the north, Luoshan and Longma Mountain in the east, Wang Ren in the west, Nanshan in the south and Guan Yue in the south of the Han River. The Hanjiang River surrounds the south of the city from east to west, showing a good feng shui pattern of the "landscape belt" of Longsha Water Cave. There are a large number of buildings in the city, including palaces, ancestral halls, villages, two-level government offices and roads. 1394, Li Chenggui moved from Jingkai to Hanyang. ), and officially named Seoul (Hanseong,? )。 During the Korean dynasty, Seoul was also called "the capital" and "Beijing".
1592, Japan invaded Korea. The Great Patriotic War broke out in Renchen. On May 2nd, General Myong won Kim and Deputy Marshal Schenk, who stayed in Beijing, led thousands of troops to Jichuan Pavilion. Seeing the huge momentum of the Japanese army, they dare not refuse. Knowing that they sank their weapons into the river and fled with horses, all the troops were defeated. Katou Kiyomasa led the Japanese army across the Han River and occupied Seoul. Before and after the Japanese army entered the city, Seoul suffered great damage. On the eve of the king's escape, the palaces, villages, government offices, city gates, treasures, ancient books and cultural relics in the city were all burned by the North Korean side, leaving only the ancestral temple. After entering the city, the Japanese general Ping Xiujia was among them. After Chang Sheng burned the ancestral temple, he moved to Nanbie Palace and commanded pirates from all walks of life to pursue north. 1593 in April, the Japanese army withdrew south and slaughtered the people in the city before leaving. In June, King Xuanzu of North Korea returned to Beijing, 1 1, and the officials sat against the wall, so they had to take Yueshan's former residence as the palace, Guilin's royal family as the ouchi, and Shen Yiqian's family as the East Palace. Therefore, the home of the leader Shen Lianyuan is the ancestral hall, and the home of the people nearby is the secretary of the palace (called the imperial palace). During the reign of Emperor Guanghaijun, ancestral halls and palaces were selected for restoration.
After the Japanese Rebellion in Renchen, Seoul experienced two invasions by the late Jin army (1636 was renamed Qing Dynasty), namely Ding Mao's recklessness and Bing Zi's recklessness. During the Bingzi Rebellion, Renzu took Shen Qi as the general and fled to Nanhan Mountain City. After the Qing soldiers arrived in Seoul, they were stationed in Muhuaguan to Nanmiao, and then in Xingren Gate. Huang taiji ordered the people in the city to be searched, but when the latter Jin army retreated, it searched a large number of people's gold, silver and livestock. A Min, a general in the late Jin Dynasty (one of the four Baylers), envied the magnificence of the North Korean Palace and was once unwilling to return to the bitter and cold land of Manchuria. He was suspected of infidelity by Huang Taiji.
With the downfall of Nanming forces in the Qing Dynasty, the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan issued a decree to lock up the country, and the political situation in East Asia settled, and Hanyang was able to restore its former prosperity. The population of Seoul grew to more than 300,000 during the years of Yingzu and Zhengzu in Korea. The founder of the Li Dynasty had planned to move the capital to a new city in the south, but in the end, due to the constraints of conditions, the plan to move the capital was not realized. In 1896, North Korea made a plan to revive the Imperial Capital after the Sino-Japanese War. The Gratitude Gate was demolished, and a western-style independent gate was built on the original site modeled after the Arc de Triomphe in France. Roads, transportation, lighting facilities and new government offices have been built in the city. The general post office was built in 1882. 1899, Mingdong Temple was built. /kloc-in 0/900, the stone hall, the earliest western-style building in Korea, was built in Deshou Palace. 1907 demolished the walls in the south and west of Seoul.
During the Japanese occupation, the name of Seoul was changed to the capital (Qingcheng,? ; Jingri けぃじょぅ), its status was also reduced from Zhili Prefecture in central Korea to a county in Gyeonggi Province.
19 10 After Japan annexed Korea, it carried out drastic reforms in Beijing's municipal construction.
First of all, Japan destroyed the original historical buildings of the Li Dynasty on a large scale, demolished a large number of ancient buildings such as Honglimen and Zishantang in Gyeongbokgung Palace, moved the Gwanghwamun at the main entrance of Gyeongbokgung Palace eastward, built the North Korean Governor's Office and its affiliated buildings on the original site, and changed Gyeongbokgung Palace into a school. 19 1 1 February, it was announced that the dome altar where the worship ceremony was held was under the jurisdiction of the North Korean Governor's Office, and it was demolished in 19 13, and the North Korean Governor's Office Railway Hotel (now the North Korean Hotel) was established here. Japan has built a number of buildings in Beijing, such as Beijing City Hall, Bank of Korea, Xidamen Prison, Imperial University of Beijing, and Motomachi Business District. 1922 The North Korean Governor's Office changed the national altar into a park. 1925 The Li Jingcheng (now Seoul Station) was built, and the Japanese shrine "Korea Shrine" was built on the Nanshan Mountain in Seoul. Some scholars in South Korea believe that the words "Big", "Japan" and "Ben" are written on the plane of Seoul City Hall, North Korea Governor's Office and North Korea Shrine, which destroyed the geomantic omen in Seoul. Shortly after the recovery of the Korean Peninsula, the North and South split, and Li Chengwan established the Republic of Korea in its capital, renamed it the capital "?" (There is no Chinese name. In 2005, South Korea officially named the Chinese name of the city "Seoul".
After Korea's independence, Beijing's name was changed to Seo-Ul (Seoul,? )。 It should be noted that. This word means "capital" in Korean. Like Koguryo's? Is it Pyongyang's, Silla's? Is it Gyeongju, Koryo's? Is it Jing Kai (Kaesong), Lee Korea? It's Hanyang. Until after the recovery of Korea? As a fixed proper noun referring to the capital of the Republic of Korea.
After the Korean War broke out, on June 28th, 1950, the Korean People's Army occupied Seoul. After the United Nations troops landed in Incheon, they launched the battle of Seoul from September 20th to September 27th, and recovered Seoul on September 27th. 195 1 year 65438+1October 8, Seoul was once again captured by the Korean People's Army and the South Korean Army. On March 14, Seoul was recaptured by the United Nations again.
Seoul changed hands four times between the Korean People's Army, Chinese people's Volunteer Army and the United Nations Army, and was completely destroyed by the warring parties, leaving the once prosperous urban area in ruins. Gwanghwamun and the government building (former North Korean Governor's Office) were completely destroyed, and all municipal facilities were destroyed. North Korea launched counter-revolutionary activities in Seoul and executed a large number of "class enemies" such as South Korean central and local government officials, military officers, police, capitalists, missionaries, professors and journalists. After the South Korean army occupied Seoul with the United Nations, it also executed a large number of pro-Party and pro-* * elements. Before the war, the original population of Seoul was 6.5438+0.8 million. Because a large number of refugees fled south, North Korea took the rest to the north when it retreated, leaving only about 60,000 people after the war. After the Korean War, South Korea began to step into industrialization, and people went to Seoul to survive. At this time, the population of Seoul began to surge. In order to meet the needs of more people, the then South Korean government decided to develop a highway connecting Seoul and its surrounding areas. Since the1960s, high-rise buildings in the north of Seoul have mushroomed, changing the original appearance of Seoul.
1974, the opening of the Seoul subway has strengthened the connection between Seoul and its surrounding areas. At the same time, the Korean government is also building new communities in the surrounding areas. In the 1980s, Seoul City Government also decided to develop Jiangnan, which was originally desolate, and moved some government agencies to work in Jiangnan. In a short time, Jiangnan has changed from a barren land to a new city in Seoul.
Seoul won the right to host the Summer Olympic Games in 1 9865438. In order to prepare for the Olympic Games, the Seoul Metropolitan Government built a series of infrastructure such as Seoul Metro Lines 3 and 4 and the 88 Olympic Expressway to solve the very serious traffic congestion problem at that time. The Seoul Olympic Games, which has been prepared for many years, opened on September 1988 and 17. After the Olympic Games, South Korea's national strength accelerated, and Seoul began to become one of the most important cities in Asia. After the Olympic Games, the Seoul government still actively developed urban construction and expanded subway and expressway networks, which did not stop during the Asian financial turmoil. In 2000' s, the newly-appointed mayor Lee Myung-bak implemented his "bulldozer" policy, and the face of Seoul changed greatly under his policy: Cheonggyecheon, once a traffic bridge, was restored to its original appearance, and the abandoned racetrack was transformed into a forest in Seoul. Large-scale construction in Seoul has attracted workers from Uzbekistan, Mongolia, Vietnam and the Philippines to work. Besides Cheonggyecheon, greening projects can be seen everywhere in Seoul, such as Cai Liang Citizen Forest, Seoul Forest and Hanjiang Citizen Park.
In 2002, Seoul became one of the host cities of the 2002 World Cup. The first match of this World Cup was held at the World Cup Arena in Shangdong Cave. On June 65438+1October 65438+September 2005, Mayor Lee Myung-bak decided to name Seoul, which means "the capital of the first goodness". Today, Seoul is an international metropolis with a population of 6.5438+0.02 million. In 2065.438+00, Seoul became the "Design Capital of the World".