Don du fu
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat. Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily. On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine. Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
spring scenery
Don du fu
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
1 quatrains
"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
Two orioles sang softly among the green willows, and a neat team of egrets went straight into the blue sky. Sitting by the window, you can see the snow accumulated all the year round on Xiling Mountain, and ships from Dongwu, thousands of miles away, are parked in front of the door.
The window contains the snow in Xiling, at the gate of Wu Dong Wan Li boating.
2. Climb high
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness.
After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Eternal famous sentence: leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I watch the long river always roll forward.
3. The hut was broken by the autumn wind.
In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs.
Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao.
The children in Nancun bully me, and I can't stand being a thief in the opposite direction and openly carrying Mao into the bamboo forest.
My lips are burnt, my mouth is dry, and I can't breathe. When I came back, I sighed at my staff.
In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark.
This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking.
There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain.
What's the point of getting wet all night?
There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain!
Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!
In the spring of the second year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 76 1 year), Du Fu asked for relatives and built a hut near Huanhuaxi, Chengdu, and finally got a place to live. Unexpectedly, in August, the house was damaged by strong winds, and heavy rain followed. The poet stayed up all night and was deeply moved. He wrote this well-known poem. This poem is about his own hut, but it shows his feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
There are tens of millions of spacious buildings, and all the poor people in the world are happy, and the wind and rain are as smooth as mountains!
The Biography of the Poet Du Fu (AD 7 12-770), with beautiful words, is a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and is called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, he moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
As a teenager, Du Fu traveled to wuyue and Zhao Qi successively, during which he also visited Luoyang. After thirty-five, I came first and last in Chang 'an. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. The frustration of officialdom witnessed the extravagance and social crisis of the upper class in the Tang Dynasty. In the 14th year of Tianbao (AD 755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Tongguan fell, and Du Fu moved to many places. In the second year of Gan Yuan (AD 759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the whole life and the affairs of the country. He created famous works such as Up the Mountain, Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.
In the winter of the fifth year of Dali (AD 770), Du Fu died at the age of 59. Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu was one of the greatest realistic poets in the Tang Dynasty. He devoted himself to poetry creation all his life and had the political ideal of "Yao Shun, the supreme monarch". However, his career is not smooth. First of all, Li staged a farce of "leaving no legacy", which led to the failure of the imperial examination. In order to be an official, he had to wander among dignitaries, eager to get their introduction, but he was repeatedly disappointed and bleak. Trapped in Chang 'an for ten years, he saw clearly the sins of the upper rulers and government officials, the turmoil of war and the suffering of people's livelihood, which greatly changed his attitude towards life and poetic style.
Du Fu's poems are gloomy and frustrated, with history as the source of poems, deep water, far words, numerous flowers and so on. Therefore, Du Fu is called "Poetic Sage" and his poems are called "Poetic History" by later generations. His poems have far-reaching influence, leaving valuable information for China's classical poems and exploring the changes and development of social history in the Tang Dynasty.
4. Wang Yue
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. ..
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket.
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
In the 23rd year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (AD 735), the poet went to Luoyang to study, but he was the last one to come, so he traveled to Qilu in the north. This poem was written while roaming. There are many poems about Mount Tai, and only Du Fu can cover thousands of miles with the phrase "Green is about to drip, and both Qilu and Qilu are high". It can be described as magnificent. Its conclusion is particularly subtle, with extraordinary momentum and distant artistic conception, which contains the poet's ambitions and ideals. The whole poem begins with a clear meaning and a healthy artistic conception.
Once you reach the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains are short in the sky. ..
5. Recite 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian.
Toastmasters will fill the court, and benevolent people should tremble.
I heard that the gold plate is in Huo Wei's room.
Nave dancing fairy, smoke scattered jade pieces.
Warm the mink and fur, pity the tube and clear the throat.
Advise customers to camel's hoof soup, and frost orange presses fragrant orange.
The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones.
In Ling Du, the older I get, the less suitable I am. How stupid and ridiculous I am asking myself, I have made up my mind to be an equal with Miracle in private. This idea is unrealistic, and in the end, I hit a wall everywhere, my head turned white, but I was willing to work hard and refused to rest. One day, you cover the coffin and you can't talk anymore. As long as you don't die, your ambition can't be transferred. All the year round, I am worried and sighing for the people. When I think of their suffering, I feel anxious like a fire. The gap between the rich and the poor in this society is too great. The meat in front of the rich and powerful giants stinks, but next to it are bones that freeze to death and starve to death. It's chilling to watch. Although this aroused the cynicism of my colleagues, my heart was full of passion and I sang without being discouraged.
A famous saying from ancient times to the present: the wine in Zhumen stinks, and the road has frozen bones.
6. Hope of Spring
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
In July, the fifteenth year of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (AD 756), the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, and Su Zong ascended the throne in Lingwu, changing Yuan to virtue. On his way to Lingwu, Du Fu was captured by the rebels to Chang 'an, and wrote this poem the following year (the second year of Zhide). The poet witnessed Chang 'an's flute falling and homesickness in adversity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply.
One or two couplets of poetry, writing about the defeat of Spring City, are full of sighs; Three or four couplets are about relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's feelings of loving the motherland and caring for his family. Modern people such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is straightforward, the scenery is not free, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not miscellaneous, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid." This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.
Eternal famous sentence: After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold.
7. Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night
Good rain knows the season, when spring comes.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.
The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.
Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy.
Eternal saying: sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently.
8. Shuxiang
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City.
The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
This is an epic. By visiting Wuhou Temple, the author praised the Prime Minister for assisting the two Dynasties, and regretted that the Prime Minister died before he went to the fields. There is both an orthodox concept of respecting Shu and a friend in need.
Eternal famous sentence: but before he can conquer, he is dead, and heroes cry on their coats from now on.
9. One night abroad
The breeze rippled on the grassy coast, through the night, and blew to my still mast.
The endless plains are dotted with drooping stars. The moon runs with the river.
If only my art could bring me fame. The official took sick leave because of his old age.
Flying around, flying around, what am I like, just a sandpiper in the vast world! .
The breeze blows the fine grass on the river bank, and the high-masted boat is moored alone at night. The stars are hanging in the sky, and Ye Ping looks very broad; The moonlight is surging with the waves, and the river is rolling eastward. Should I retire because I am famous for my articles because I am old and sick? What's it like to wander around alone? Like a lonely Sha Ou between heaven and earth.
This poem not only describes the local conditions and customs of the journey, but also makes it a little more sentimental about the old, the weak and the sick, but still can only wander between heaven and earth like Sha Ou. "If only my art could make me famous" is an irony. Perhaps in the poet's mind, he thinks that there are still great political ambitions that have not been shown.
Eternal famous sentence: the stars descend from the empty place, and the moon runs from the river.
10, climb Yueyang Tower
I heard that Dongting Lake is magnificent before, but today's wish has finally reached Yueyang Tower.
The vast lake tore Wu Chu apart, as if the sun, moon and stars were floating in the water.
There is no news from my friends or relatives. I am old and sick, drifting in a boat.
The battle of the north gate began again, and I cried through the railing.
The famous sentence of the ages: there is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and the world is endless.
1 1, Qiu Xing
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia bleak.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears the other day. She was alone in the boat.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
Autumn has come, the first frost maple leaves have withered, and Wushan and Wuxia areas are bleak and gloomy. The river in the canyon is choppy, as if even the sky were involved. Maybe the border fortress is interfering with Yin Qi on the ground. Flowers bloom twice, but I am still wandering in a foreign land, and I can't help crying. The lonely boat is still tied with a heart that misses my hometown! The weather is getting colder and colder, and people are moving knives and rulers everywhere to make winter clothes. At night, the urgent sound of anvil and pestle beating clothes came from the height of Baidicheng.
A famous sentence through the ages: Cong Ju cried a few days ago, boating alone was the heart of hometown.
12, moonlit night
In Fuzhou, far away, she is looking at the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room.
For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is.
Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight.
When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? .
This poem was written in August of the fifteenth year of Tianbao (AD 756) in Chang 'an. The whole poem is unique, that is, by imagining his wife missing him, it expresses the poet's own yearning for his wife more deeply, and also expresses his desire for a happy reunion after the war has subsided.
Eternal famous sentence: for our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? .
13, presented to Wei Ba Chu Shi.
It is almost as difficult for friends to meet each other as the stars in the morning and evening. Tonight is a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight!
Two men who were young not long ago, but now their temples are gray! It shocked us to find that half of our friends had died, which made us sad.
We didn't expect that it would be twenty years before I could come to see you again. You were unmarried when I left, but now these boys and girls are in a row.
They were very kind to their father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip. Then, when we talked for a while, they brought me wine and dishes.
Spring chives are cut in the night rain, and brown rice is cooked fresh in a special way. My host announced that it was a festival, and he urged me to drink ten cups.
But what kind of ten glasses of wine can make me so drunk, because your love is always in my heart. . The mountains will separate us tomorrow. Who can say for sure after tomorrow? .
It's really hard to meet intimate friends in the world, just like the two stars, Can Xing and Shang Xing. What day is it tonight, and I am so lucky to tell you the truth? Youth and maturity are really short. I don't think you and I are gray. Most of my old friends have passed away, and I heard you exclaim that the heat flow echoed in your chest. I didn't expect to have a chance to visit again after twenty years' absence. You weren't married when you shook hands, but today is a trip to see the children. They respected their father's best friend and enthusiastically asked me where I came from. Before three or two questions are answered, you invite them to a family dinner. Spring leeks cut on rainy nights are tender and long, just cooked and mixed with rice. You said it was rare to meet each other, and you drank ten cups in a row as soon as you raised your glass. It's rare for me to get drunk after drinking more than a dozen glasses of wine. Thank you for your kindness to your old friend. In the Ming dynasty, you and I were blocked by mountains, and human feelings and things were so slim!
It is almost as difficult for friends to meet each other as the morning and evening stars.
14, send flowers to Qing
The city music under the overpass is soft and melodious, half of it goes with the river wind and the other half floats into the clouds.
This kind of music should only be in heaven, where can I hear it several times?
Many later poets think that Du Fu's poems are gorgeous in style and cadence, which is no less than Li Taibai's in talent and structure.
A famous sentence through the ages: this song should only exist in the sky, when can it be heard on earth?
15, meet Li Guinian in the lower reaches of the river.
In the Qi family, I often see your performances; Before urging the wine hall, I praised your art many times.
Never thought, in this Jiangnan scenic area; It is the season of falling flowers, and I can meet you, an old acquaintance.
I often watch your performances in the Qi Palace. In front of Cui, I have also appreciated your art many times. I didn't expect to meet you, an old acquaintance, in this beautiful south of the Yangtze River, at this time of falling flowers.
16, remembering brothers on a moonlit night
A vagrant heard the drums heralding the battle, which was the first call of a wild goose on the border in autumn.
The dew turns to frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is bright!
Brothers are scattered, and no one can ask about life and death.
It is inevitable to send books. What can you expect in the war? .
He knows that the dew will be frost tonight, and the moonlight at home is so bright! .
17, the banks of the Yellow River were recaptured by the imperial army.
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
Outside the sword gate, the good news came suddenly, and the government forces recovered the northern part of Hebei. When I am happy, tears are all over my clothes. Looking back on his wife and children, he has also swept away the gloom and rolled up his poems, which made the whole family ecstatic. I want to drink and sing and go back to my hometown together in spring. My soul has already soared, so I went from the dam to Wuxia, then to Xiangyang and went straight to Luoyang.
Appreciate—
This poem was written in the spring of the first year of Guangde in Tang Daizong (AD 763). The author is 52 years old. In the winter of the first year of Baoying (AD 762), Tang Jun won a great victory in Hengshui near Luoyang, and recovered Luoyang, Zheng (now Zhengzhou, Henan) and Bian (now Kaifeng, Henan). The rebel leaders Xue Song and Zhang Zhongzhi surrendered one after another. In the second year, that is, in the first month of the first year of Guangde, Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi was defeated and hanged himself, and his troops surrendered to Tian and Li Huaixian one after another. Du Fu, who lives in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan), heard the news and wrote this masterpiece with passionate pen and ink.
Eternal famous sentence: sing my songs loudly, drink my wine, and let me go home on a green spring day.
18, one of the seven quatrains in Looking for Flowers by the River.
Four yellow maiden flowers thrive on the road covered, and thousands of flowers bow and the branches are low.
The butterflies in the flowers are dancing, and the soft yinger in freedom is just singing happily.
The famous sentence of the ages: Huang Siniang's family is full of flowers, and the flowers are low.
Conclusion-
The literati and officialdom in ancient China always had a heroic complex of risking their lives to benefit one side. From Du Fu's life, they saw the epitome of their own life, that is, the great love and enthusiasm of "providing for the old and caring for the young".
Nowadays, when we read Du Fu's poems, we can't see his complaints about his unsuccessful life, only his pity for the whole world and his love for the working people. Just as he wrote in "Song of the Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage": There are thousands of luxury houses in Ande, and the poor in the world are happy!
Therefore, people in later generations feel more earnestly and profoundly about Du Fu and his poetic talents, and naturally take Du Fu as their life idol. As the saying goes: in troubled times, the poor and the humble do not change their minds. Since ancient times, Confucianism has been more concerned about the people.