Waterscape landscape design is the most attractive and important part of landscape design. In landscape planning and design, we must attach importance to the landscaping function of water body, handle the relationship between water body and surrounding scenery, and make it flexible and ingenious, thus playing a fascinating role. A comprehensive understanding and mastery of the characteristics of waterscape is of great help to designers to better grasp the expression and application of waterscape design intentions.
First, the connotation and function of garden landscape
1. Highlight the landscape features.
The waterscape and stone bridge, building, forest and rock in the garden landscape reflect each other and complement each other. In the landscape of China, mountains and water are often associated. Through the ingenious combination of mountains and water, a landscape picture is constructed, forming a picturesque artistic conception. There is a saying in the painting that "only when there is water in your heart can you become a mountain". The famous sayings left by Guo, a contemporary landscape scholar, such as "Water takes stone as its surface", "Water makes mountains beautiful" and "Water turns with mountains, and mountains live with water" all emphasize the relationship between mountains and water. In garden design, only the mountains and all kinds of things on the ground can have life and spirituality only if they are combined with water. Therefore, the purpose of building mountains and controlling water in landscape design is to achieve an artistic conception of "although it is man-made, it is natural".
2. Protect the ecological environment and provide habitats for aquatic animals and plants.
In the process of urban construction, human beings wrap themselves in reinforced concrete forests, far away from nature and unable to get close to the natural water environment. In the garden, you can imitate the natural water environment and plant various native aquatic plants in the water to provide food, oxygen, excreta and habitat for other creatures in the water. In addition, the fish raised in the water can curb the algae flooding in the water body, prevent the eutrophication of the water body, form a benign living environment in the water body, provide a habitat for aquatic organisms to survive in the city, and at the same time draw closer the relationship between urban people and natural water bodies and their organisms, protect the ecological environment and cultivate people's ecological awareness.
3. Rich in cultural artistic conception
China's garden waterscape is actually the external expression of China culture, and it is also a way for people to get close to water. Many literati in ancient and modern times often linger in places with water, just because of the waterscape. For example, Ouyang Xiu's "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but between mountains and rivers" is still popular in contemporary times.
Step 4 activate the space
In garden design, only the space containing things can be called space. Through the combination and splicing of various things in space, some features are produced, and these features can only become active and realistic by adding water elements. We give full play to our imagination to create various combinations in a limited space, and achieve the purpose of activating space by blending with natural water bodies. There are three ways to activate water space: widening space, guiding space and dividing space. Extend the visual range of the garden by widening the space; Guiding people's sight through running water, clearly dividing the boundaries of garden space, giving people a distinct feeling; Through the plasticity and diversity of water, the points, lines and surfaces in the garden are connected into a whole to build a three-dimensional space and create different levels of spatial landscape.
Second, the classification of landscape design of garden waterscape
1. Artificial class
Artificial natural waterscape refers to the artificial excavation of ditches or ponds, so that the original land without water becomes land with water, creating a specific waterscape effect. This kind of garden waterscape accounts for the majority in contemporary China. Because it is a way of artificial landscaping, designers are more likely to exert their innovative consciousness.
2. Natural category
Natural waterscape refers to the use of rivers, lakes, lakes and other waterscape resources in nature, through reasonable planning and layout, to enjoy more waterscape in the garden, thus enhancing the waterscape effect of the garden. However, the natural watery landscape is often limited by the external environment, so it is not easy to be widely used.
3. Artificial-natural combination class
Both artificial waterscape and natural waterscape have their own shortcomings, but the combination of artificial waterscape and natural waterscape can effectively overcome some of them. They introduced the natural water landscape into the garden, and the natural water body was connected with the garden water body to form running water, forming a garden water landscape combining man-made and nature, making the water landscape more natural. This mixed water landscape is the development trend of landscape design today.
Third, the construction method of garden waterscape landscape
1. Dynamic and static design of water body
Water is a combination of rigidity and softness, colorless, tasteless, and intangible. Therefore, it has strong plasticity and can be set between static and dynamic water bodies according to the needs of landscape design, so that the garden presents different effects. Small water bodies can usually be designed and treated in the form of water pavilions, ponds, ponds, etc., such as the humorous garden in the Summer Palace and the meditation institute in Beihai. For the large water surface, islands and dikes can be skillfully set up to form the spatial characteristics of centrifugation or diffusion. Using running water in the garden will make the garden full of vitality, excitement, pleasure and excitement. For example, the trickle of streams, the roar of waterfalls and the splash of artificial fountains all affect people's aesthetic perception. There are also many forms of running water, such as running water, falling water and spraying water: each has its own characteristics, and the running water presents a long and narrow linear or strip shape, which attracts people's eyes deeper and farther; What falls into the water is an inclined current, as big as a waterfall, magnificent, or as small as tears, which makes people see the scenery and feel relaxed and happy; Spraying water can invigorate the spirit, cultivate sentiment, enrich urban cultural life, increase air humidity, reduce dust and improve environmental quality.
2. The integration of water and surrounding buildings
There are often various artificial buildings in gardens, such as pavilions, bridges, pavilions and revetments. Only by combining with water skillfully can we become smart. The pavilions built by water make people feel that the water surface is open, clear and stretched; By building a pavilion on the water, we can examine the ripples carefully; By building a pavilion on a high platform near the water, you can see the mountains and water in the distance and stretch your mind. Bridges can not only provide traffic in the park, communicate scenic spots, but also cover the whole park with water, ensuring the parallel navigation on water and land traffic. Coupled with the various shapes of the bridge, it has become a beautiful landscape in the garden waterscape and one of the important landscaping buildings in landscaping. Through the tortuous pace, the natural closeness between man and water increases the natural interest. By building a straight, inclined or stepped revetment on the shore, people's vision will extend with the extension of the revetment.
3. Rock design in waterscape
Mountains are static, but water can be dynamic, or waves or waterfalls. Through the dynamic and static combination between mountains and rivers, a quiet and lively garden waterscape is formed. Where there are no mountains, distant mountains can also be borrowed into the garden through a large area of water. In Daming Lake in Jinan, you can see the reflection of Qianfo Mountain ten miles away. In gardens, there are many landscape stones, either sculptural or mountain-building. For sculpture landscape stones, they are mainly placed on the roadside or by the pool, but no matter where they are placed, they are a beautiful landscape. Mountain-building landscape stones are mainly used for water diversion, and various landscapes such as velocity, vortex and small waterfall are formed through structural walls, canyons and streams.
4. The combination of waterscape and animals and plants
There are a large number of animals and plants in the park, which can be coordinated and unified through water. In the configuration of plants on the surface, it is necessary to maintain the spatial distance between water and plants, and to achieve a moderate distance and density. Plants can be planted at equal intervals along the line to avoid monotonous street trees. In addition, when planting plants on the water surface, we should pay attention to whether their size ratio is coordinated and whether the reflection on the water surface meets people's aesthetic needs. Plants in water should not only meet the needs of aquatic living environment, but also live in harmony with water. Animals, as an important element of gardens, should be arranged in places rich in water resources. The existence of animals in waterscape endows water with spirituality, which will surely become two points in garden waterscape.
Waterscape is an important part of garden landscape. With the improvement of people's living standards, people's appreciation concept has changed greatly, the appreciation level has been greatly improved, and the requirements for garden waterscape have been further improved. In order to give full play to the function of garden waterscape, endow it with specific connotation, and increase the attraction and appeal of waterscape to people with appropriate forms of expression.
The above are collected and sorted by Zhong Da Consulting Company.
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