Full text of the treaty:
News: treaty of shimonoseki includes the Peace Treaty 1 1, Additional Agreement 3, Special Terms for Negotiation 3, and Special Terms for Suspension of Armistice 2. The Chinese version is called "China" and the Japanese version is called "Qing State".
first
China recognizes North Korea as a completely independent country. Therefore, if there are losses, its independent system, such as the ceremony of the state's contribution to China, will be abolished in the future.
The second paragraph
China will manage the right to open a place and hand over all its fortresses, weapons, factories and public goods to the Japanese forever.
First, reduce the southern part of Fengtian within the dividing line. The river runs from the mouth of the Yalu River to the mouth of Anping River, and then from the mouth of the river to Fenghuang, Haicheng and Yingkou, drawing to the south of the broken line; All the former towns are included in the demarcation line.
After the line reaches Liaohe River in Yingkou, it reaches Haikou downstream, with the center of the river as the boundary. The east coast of Liaodong Bay and the north shore of the Yellow Sea belong to the Fengtian Islands and are also within the ceded boundary.
Second, the whole island of Taiwan Province Province and all its affiliated islands.
Third, the Penghu Islands. That is, Green in England ranges from 190 degrees east longitude to 120 degrees east longitude, and from 23 degrees north latitude to 24 degrees north latitude.
third segment
After the border drawn on the map mentioned in the previous paragraph and observed by this Agreement is approved, the two countries shall each appoint two or more officials as public demarcation members to conduct on-site investigation and determine the boundary demarcation. If difficulties and inconveniences are caused by the boundary topography or geography agreed in this agreement, all members shall make appropriate decisions. All members should deal with border affairs as soon as possible with a view to completing their work within one year after their appointment.
However, if members of the Committee and others have decided to draw a circle, the two governments shall consider the circle drawing correct according to this agreement before deciding to draw a circle.
Section iv
China gave Japanese twenty-two thousand coppers of silver as military compensation. The payment shall be made in eight installments: the first installment of RMB 52 million shall be paid within six months after the exchange agreed in this agreement; The second payment of RMB 52 million shall be paid within 12 months after the exchange agreed in this agreement; The balance is divided into six times on average and paid every year;
According to the law, the first installment of annual payment shall be paid within two years, the second installment within three years, the third installment within four years, the fourth installment within five years, the fifth installment within six years and the sixth installment within seven years. The annual points shall be calculated from the date when the exchange is approved in this agreement. After the first payment of compensation, the unpaid part shall be paid at the rate of 5 ‰ per year; However, it is up to China to decide when all or part of the compensation should be paid in advance.
If it can be repaid in full within three years from the date of treaty approval, it will still be interest-free except for the interest paid or two and a half years or less.
Section 5
Within two years after the exchange is agreed in this agreement, the Japanese quasi-China will be ceded to the local people who are willing to move out of the ceded land, and they will sell all their industries and retire from the border. However, those who have not moved after the expiration of the time limit shall be regarded as Japanese subjects as appropriate. In addition, one province in Taiwan Province Province shall send senior officials from both countries to Taiwan Province Province immediately after the approval of this agreement, and the handover shall be clear within two months after the approval of this agreement.
Section 6
Both China and Japan have covenants, so the second loss is self-destruction. After China approved the exchange, the Japanese expeditionary plenipotentiary and plenipotentiary concluded a trade and navigation treaty and a land trade charter; The new contract between the two countries should be based on the agreement between China and Taixi countries.
Moreover, from the date of approval of the exchange of this agreement, before the implementation of the new contract chapter, all Japanese government officials and subjects, commerce, technology, ships, land trade, etc. , is the most preferential treatment in China. China will cede all the terms, six months from the date of signing the oath by the plenipotentiaries of the two countries.
First, seeing that China has opened its commercial port today, it should be allowed to set up a new place and establish it as a commercial port; Enable Japanese subjects to visit overseas Chinese and engage in commercial craft production. All additional ports shall be handled in accordance with the articles of association of Haikou, port-opening merchants or inland towns; Due examples and benefits, etc. , you should also enjoy:
Shashi, Jingzhou District, Hubei Province,
Chongqing, Sichuan Province,
Suzhou, Jiangsu Province,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.
The Japanese government had to send consular officers to frontier ports.
Second, Japanese ships have to sail into lower ports to carry passengers and load:
From Yichang, Hubei to Chongqing, Sichuan,
Sail from Shanghai into Wusong River and Canal, even Suzhou and Hangzhou.
Before China and Japan reach an agreement on navigation regulations, the shipping at Shanghai Port will be carried out in accordance with the regulations on foreign ships entering China inland waterway.
Third, if Japanese subjects want to temporarily store their own goods when they buy industrial products in Chinese mainland, or importers want to temporarily store their goods when they ship them to the mainland, they can temporarily rent the inventory of the warehouse in addition to losing the tax bill and collecting all fees.
Fourth, Japanese subjects are allowed to engage in various craft manufacturing in China's trading ports and cities; All kinds of machines can be shipped and imported at will, and only import duties are paid. All goods made by Japanese subjects in China, transportation taxes, miscellaneous taxes and bills in mainland China, and storage in mainland warehouses shall be treated as goods imported by Japanese subjects into China; The same is true for cases where preferential treatment is removed. In the future, if there are any concessions due to the above situation, the articles of association shall be added, which shall be included in the navigation and trade treaties referred to in this paragraph.
Section 7
After the exchange is approved in this agreement, the Japanese garrison in China shall be withdrawn within three months; However, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph.
Section 8
In order to protect the Ming Dynasty, China conscientiously implemented the provisions of the Covenant, allowing the Japanese to temporarily occupy and defend Ahava. In addition, after China paid off the first and second indemnities stipulated in this agreement, and the trade and navigation articles were allowed to be exchanged, the China government and the Japanese government determined a comprehensive and proper way to use the customs duties at the trading ports as collateral for the remaining interests, and Japan was allowed to withdraw its troops.
If the China government does not immediately determine the mortgage method, it should not let the Japanese withdraw their troops before paying the compensation in the late Qing Dynasty; However, even if the compensation has been paid before the lease for exchanging commercial ships is approved, Japan will not withdraw its troops.
Section 9
After the exchange is approved in this agreement, the two countries shall return all prisoners at that time. China will be captured by the Japanese, will not be abused, and will not be placed in sin; China will release any Japanese nationals who are regarded as military spies or suspected of being arrested. As for the Japanese subjects involved in this exchange war, loans will be given; Besides, you have a department, so you must not be good at it.
Section 10
From the date of approving the exchange of this agreement, the war should be stopped by soldiers.
Paragraph 1 1
As this agreement was approved by His Majesty the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty and His Majesty the Emperor of the Japanese Empire, it is scheduled to be exchanged in Yantai on April 14th, the 21st year of Guangxu, that is, May 8th, the 28th year of Meiji in Japan.
To this end, the authorized representatives of the two countries signed and sealed to show their commitment.
Li Hongzhang, the first Earl of Su Yi, Minister of Beiyang Ministry of Trade and Industry, Governor of Zhili, an imperial representative of the Qing Empire, and Prince of Taifu Cultural Department (with seal).
Li was appointed as the former ambassador to China.
The plenipotentiary of the Great Japanese Empire, the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, came from two first-class earl Ito Bowen (India).
Minister Plenipotentiary of the Great Japanese Empire, Minister of Foreign Affairs, was awarded two honors (with seal) by the First Viscount Lu Ao Guangzong.
March 23rd, the 21st year of Guangxu and April 17th, the 28th year of Meiji were written in Shimonoseki.
Extended data:
First, the reasons why the Qing government signed a contract with Japan:
During the Meiji Restoration, Japan embarked on the capitalist road, actively invaded and expanded abroad, and determined a "mainland policy" centered on China.
At this time, the Qing Dynasty was an empire exposed to the world through the Westernization Movement, with political corruption, poor people's lives, intrigue among various factions in the officialdom, strong national defense and military, and lax discipline. The world's major capitalist countries are gradually transitioning to imperialism, and Japan's aggression has been supported by western powers to some extent.
1894, the East Learning Party uprising broke out in North Korea, and the North Korean government forces were successively defeated and forced to ask for help from the sovereign state of the Qing Dynasty. Japan also took the opportunity to send troops to North Korea and deliberately provoked war.
1894 (20th year of Guangxu) On July 25th, the naval battle of Toyoda broke out, and the Sino-Japanese War began. Because the Japanese had planned for a long time, the Qing Dynasty rushed to fight, and the war ended with the defeat of China and the annihilation of the Beiyang Navy. Under the military pressure of Japanese militarism, the Qing government in China signed the treaty of shimonoseki in April 1895.
Second, the follow-up event: triple intervention
Six days after the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, the Russian Empire joined forces with France and Germany to intervene because Japan occupied Liaodong Peninsula and prevented it from expanding its power to the northeast of China. As a result, Japan decided to give up Liaodong Peninsula on May 4, 1995, but asked China to "redeem" it with 30 million taels of silver. Historically, it was called "triple intervention". After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Japan blackmailed China for 232 million taels of silver.
However, the triple interference is still an unexpected trouble for Japan, which shattered Japan's attempt to occupy Manchuria (Northeast China) through the victory of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, strengthened Russia's influence in the Far East, and curbed Japan's expansion in Northeast China and North Korea.
In order to realize the second step (annexing Korea) and the third step (marching into Manchuria and Mongolia) of Japan's "mainland policy", Japan reorganized its army to prepare for war, and launched a war against Russia ten years later.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-treaty of shimonoseki
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 1894- 1895