The brief introductions of Taoism, Confucianism, Legalism, Mohism and Military Architects are as follows:
1. Taoism
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Laozi gathered the great wisdom of ancient sages. It summarizes the essence of ancient Taoist thought and forms a complete and systematic theory of Taoism, marking that Taoist thought has officially taken shape. Taoism takes "Tao" as the core, believes that the Tao is inactive, advocates that Tao follows nature, and proposes political, economic, state-governing, and military strategies such as Tao-generated law, using females to protect males, and combining hardness and softness. It has simple dialectical thinking and is one of the "principles of all disciples". A very important philosophical school in "home".
2. Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Confucianism, Confucianism, Confucianism and Mencius thought, was founded by Confucius. It takes benevolence, forgiveness, sincerity and filial piety as its core values ??and emphasizes the gentleman The moral cultivation of the people emphasizes the complementarity of benevolence and propriety, pays attention to the five moral ethics and family ethics, advocates education and benevolent government, despises corvee and despises taxes, criticizes tyranny, strives to rebuild the order of rituals and music, changes customs, protects the country and the people, and is rich in worldly ideals and humanistic spirit. .
3. Legalism
Legalism is an important school in Chinese history that advocates the legal system as its core idea, and takes making the country rich and powerful as its own mission. One of the "nine streams". Legalism is not a pure theorist, but an activist who actively engages with the world. Its thinking also focuses on the actual effectiveness of the law. Legalist thought includes many aspects such as ethical thought, social development thought, political thought, and rule of law thought.
4. Mohism
Mohism originated during the Warring States Period. The founder is Mo Zhai (Mozi). Mohism is a highly disciplined academic group, and its leader is called "Giant". The main ideological propositions of Mohism are: equal love between people (universal love), opposition to aggressive wars (non-offensive), advocating thrift and opposing extravagance and waste (frugal use), and attaching importance to inheriting the cultural wealth of the predecessors (minggui) , grasp the laws of nature (the will of heaven), etc.
5. Military strategist
A school of thought in pre-Qin and early Han Dynasty that studied military theories and engaged in military activities. One of the hundreds of schools of thought. According to the records of "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi", military strategists are divided into four categories: military power planners, military situation planners, military yin and yang planners and military skill planners. Today there are military strategists' works such as "Sun Tzu's Art of War", "Sun Bin's Art of War", "Wu Zi", "Six Tao", "Wei Liao Zi" and so on. The works of military strategists are rich in simple materialism and dialectics.
Zhuzi Baijia is a general term for the academic schools in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. According to the records of "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi", there are 189 named authors with 4,324 works. Subsequent books such as Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Catalog recorded that there were actually thousands of schools of thought. However, there are only a few dozen of them that are widely spread, influential and most famous. In summary, only 12 schools were developed.
Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty quoted Sima Tan (father of Sima Qian) in "Historical Records" for his views on academic schools. Sima Tan summarized the schools since the pre-Qin period into six schools, namely: Yin-Yang School, Confucianism, and Mohism. , Legalism, famous schools, Taoism. China created splendid culture and art in ancient times with distinctive characteristics. China has more than 5,000 years of written history and is extremely rich in cultural classics.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the achievements of various ideological and academic schools complemented the ancient Greek civilization of the same period; the three major philosophical systems represented by Confucius, Laozi, and Mozi formed a prosperous situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended. . After many twists and turns, Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius came to full power during the Song Dynasty; at the same time, it affected other ethnic minorities to varying degrees, and even affected countries adjacent to China.
1. Representative figures of Confucianism include: Confucius and Mencius.
Confucianism is the school of thought that has the most extensive and far-reaching influence on later generations among the pre-Qin scholars. It was pioneered by Confucius at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius's remarks were compiled into the Analects of Confucius, which is the main basis for studying Confucius' thoughts. Confucianism centers on "benevolence".
2. Representative figures of the Taoist school include: Laozi and Zhuangzi.
The Taoist school is an academic school centered on Lao-Zhuang theory. It was formed in the pre-Qin period. Its doctrine takes "Tao" as the highest philosophical category and believes that "Tao" is the highest truth of the world. "Tao" is the origin of all things in the universe, and Tao is the basis for the survival of all things in the universe.
3. Representative figures of Mohism include: Mozi.
Mohism is a philosophical sect in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in China. It is one of the hundreds of schools of thought. Together with Confucianism represented by Confucius and Taoism represented by Laozi, it constitutes the three major philosophical systems in ancient China. Mohism is known as In ancient times, everyone thought it was a branch of Taoism and was deeply influenced by Taoism.
4. Legalist figures include: Han Feizi.
Legalism is an important school in Chinese history that advocates legality as the core idea. It is one of the hundreds of schools of thought and is considered a branch of Taoism by both ancient and modern scholars.
5. Song Poetry School: the "Tongguang Style" poets of the Qing Dynasty. The representative writers are Chen Sanli and Chen Yan.
The main sects of the Song Poetry School are "taking Kaiyuan, Tianbao, Yuanhe, and Yuanfeng as their professional ambitions" (Chen Yan's "Shi Shi Shi Hua"), that is, Du Fu, Han Yu, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian is the clan. His creative tendencies were influenced by Sinology, the dominant academic trend at that time.