(AD 630-700), Huai Ying, a native of Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) in the Tang Dynasty, entered his official career by taking an examination of Ming Jing, a branch of the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty. After entering politics, he experienced two eras: Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian. At the beginning, he was appointed as an imperial minister in Cheng Dali. He has served as the secretariat of Ningzhou and Yuzhou, and the assistant minister of local officials. Di is an official, as Lao Tzu said, "saints are fickle in their hearts, and people are fickle in their hearts." In order to save the innocent, he dared to defy the will of the monarch and always maintained the true colors of being close to the people and not afraid of power. He always lived above the temple, worried about the country and the people, and was called "the mainstay of the Tang Dynasty" by later generations. He was appointed Cheng Dali in charge of criminal law. After any one year, he handled more than 65,438+07,000 cases left by his predecessor, and none of them appealed for rehabilitation. This shows that his fairness in handling affairs can be seen. Later generations have compiled many wonderful legends based on this, and even some people in the Netherlands have compiled a book "The Trial Legend of Renjie in Datang Empire".
bao zheng
Bao Zheng (AD 999- 1062), a native of Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui), is the most famous honest official in history. Since he was a teenager, he has been determined to make contributions to the country, and "do his best to die". The starting point of Bao Zheng's official career was the magistrate of a county, and later he served as a magistrate, a transfer ambassador and other local administrative officials. He has served as a senior official in charge of state finance, such as the Minister of Supervision and the Deputy Minister of Housing. As a diplomatic envoy in Liao country; The most famous thing is that he worked as a bachelor in Tianzhangge and Longtuge, so later people called him Bao, Bao and Bao Bachelor. Although he served as the magistrate in Kaifeng for just over a year, after his death, Kaifeng people built a Baogong Temple next to the Kaifeng government office building to commemorate and worship him. Bao Zheng lived a clean life and never paid attention to ostentation and extravagance. Even when he became a high official, he still wore the same clothes as when he was dressed in cloth. I hate corruption. I told Injong in the play Begging Without Bribery that "incorruptibility is the appearance of the people". Greedy people are thieves of the people. "He has been strict with himself all his life. Ren Duanzhou, the magistrate, rectified the bureaucracy and cracked down on corruption, which was well received by the people. When leaving office, he politely refused, "I won't return until I send the inkstone"; He was selfless all his life, did not avoid powerful people, and enforced the law like a mountain. It is strongly advocated that all illegal acts of the royal family and eunuchs be brought to justice. It is the main content that Bao Zheng was highly praised and praised by the people before and after his death. Bao Zheng was famous at that time and later generations, especially after his death, as a typical image of an honest official, he was greatly exaggerated by different genres of literary works, making it magical. With the development of international cultural exchange, Bao Zheng, a historical figure and artistic image, has won the world reputation. Although the image of Bao Zheng in historical materials is very different from that in works of art, Bao Zheng's life can not only be appreciated by the feudal supreme ruler, but also be supported and loved by the lower class in dire straits. As an honest official, it is really typical. There is a story in Two Surprise Moments. When Zhu was a county magistrate in Chong 'an County, Fujian Province, one day he received a case that a king sued Da for encroaching on his ancestral grave. The ancients attached importance to Feng Shui, and Zhu was a master of Feng Shui. At that time, many rich people occupied Wang Hao's grave, so Zhu decided to check it out for himself. When you see this grave, it is really a treasure house. The eldest son pleaded, "This was originally a newly built grave in my family. Look, my Lord, the soil is still wet. How can it be his ancestral grave? " Wang argued, "Although the tomb is new and newly built, it has old soil under it, but it belongs to my family after all." Zhu dug with a shovel, and sure enough, he dug up a tombstone with the names of the king's ancestors listed on it. Zhu Jianzhi was furious and set up a monument according to it. Hard evidence is like a mountain. It must be that the surname covets the good feng shui of Wang Zu's grave and maliciously occupies it. So the eldest son was convicted of occupying farmland and gave the cemetery to the king. Zhu was very proud when he closed the case. He thought, "I'm not the person who will do these good things?" Unexpectedly, the truth is another matter: it turned out that Wang knew that Zhu had always targeted the rich and hated them for bullying the people, so he carved the bluestone into words, secretly buried it in the graveyard of Daxing's family, and then complained. Zhu was really taken in. Bao Zheng was also a famous official in Song Dynasty, and an anecdote about him was recorded in Meng Qian's Bi Tan. When Bao Zheng opened the government, someone broke the law and should be punished by law. The man bribed a small official to help him avoid the pain of this meal. The little official took the money and agreed with him: just shout out the grievances when the court is in session, and leave the rest to me. During the trial, the man really cried and cried, and he could tell. Pretending to be impatient, the beadle shouted angrily, "Isn't it just a crutch? Bitter is bitter. Why bother? " Bao Zheng was furious when he saw that the petty official was so overbearing. He blamed him for it, but he was lenient in breaking the law. Although the petty official was beaten, he got the money. The criminal paid the money to avoid a beating. Everyone won, but Bao Zheng lost.
(English, Swiss) Harry (name)
Hai Rui (A.D. 15 14- 1587) was born in Qiongshan County, Hainan Province. His time was the turning point of the Ming Dynasty from prosperity to decline. When the surface is flat, there is danger at that time. When Harry was young, he showed great concern for social problems. When Emperor Jiajing worked in the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, out of concern for the national financial resources, in order to persuade Taoism, he devoted himself to seeking immortality and indulged in building temples and temples everywhere. As a junior official with six grades, he is determined to die. This time, he put forward the famous "Frankly speaking, the best in the world", which was later called "Public Security". After the speech, Harry was immediately thrown into prison. Fortunately, Jiajing died soon, and the new emperor was pardoned under the persuasion of Prime Minister Xu Jie, and the official was reinstated and gradually promoted to the governor of Yingtian Ten Mansions. Later, he presided over the formulation of severe punishments such as "greed at the age of 80" to correct the current abuses and strictly enforce the law and discipline. He is selfless and shows no mercy to Xu Jie, the old prime minister who has always been kind to him. He returned the 400,000 mu of fertile land occupied by the Xu family to the original owner, and demanded that Xu Jie's two sons and more than 20 family members who bullied the good people should be held accountable according to law. Look at Hai Rui as an official. After Jiajing, Qin Long and Wanli dynasties, he risked his life to remonstrate many times. Although it was to safeguard the fundamental interests of feudal rule, he strictly enforced the law, eliminated violence, led an honest and clean life, sympathized with the people, appealed for exile, paid attention to developing production, built water conservancy projects, restricted the endless exploitation of big landlords, and reformed backward customs and habits. His action has been widely supported by the people. Hai Rui, a great official in the Ming Dynasty, once formulated a set of criteria for judging cases: "Anyone with suspicious litigation would rather be his brother than his brother; It is better to bend his nephew than to bend his uncle; It is better to let the rich yield than to let the poor yield; It is better to be opinionated than to be stupid and straightforward. This matter is to fight for the industry, rather than qu xiaomin, I would rather bend the township officials to save the disadvantages. This is the appearance of an argument. It is better to bend the country than to bend the people to save the body. " The world is complicated, and Lord Hai is not Sherlock Holmes. When he meets an unsolved case, he simply leans towards the weak and thinks he feels at ease. Harry is by no means the only follower of this principle. Many officials did this before and after him, and they had a unified title-"honest official".
yu chenglong
Yu Chenglong (16 17- 1684), whose real name is Sorrow, was born in Yushan, Yongning, Shanxi (now Lishi, Lvliang) in the Qing Dynasty. "Qing Duan" is presented to Prince Taibao. In the 12th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1639), he was promoted to the position of deputy envoy, and in the 18th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (16 1), he served as a magistrate, a Taoist priest, a provincial judge, a political envoy, a governor and a governor, a minister of the armed forces and a university student. In his career of more than 20 years, he was praised as "outstanding" three times. With his outstanding achievements and honest and hard life, he won the love of the people and the praise of Emperor Kangxi, and became famous in the ruling and opposition circles, known as "the first honest official in the world".
In the spring of the twentieth year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi praised him face to face as "the first upright official today". Yu Chenglong always puts the rectification of official management at the top of his work, and follows the example of the officials who paid bribes to him during the Mid-Autumn Festival. He went to the south of the Yangtze River and made a "small trip" to visit the people when he entered the country. In the face of the situation that "officials in various counties have accumulated diseases, especially in the south of the Yangtze River", he quickly promulgated "Promoting Benefits and Eliminating Disadvantages". He is insatiable, combining leniency with severity, and people say that wherever he goes, he is "an official sees the wind and changes the routine."
Although Yu Chenglong's rank is getting higher and higher, life is more difficult. In order to curb the luxury and corruption of the ruling class, he took the lead in practicing that "those who serve the people must bow first and save their servants." When he arrived in Zhili, he "mixed porridge with broken rice and ate with the servants". In Jiangnan, he is "a bowl of porridge and a spoonful of porridge, which is served all year round." Therefore, Jiangnan people affectionately call him Yu. Under strict constraints, the official of the governor's yamen said, "If you can't get vegetables and tea, you will spit out the leaves every day after picking them, and the tree will be bald." He has been an official for more than 20 years, living alone in the world, with no family and only one knot.